Genoese fortress, Sudak, Crimea: duab, keeb kwm, qhib sijhawm, yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Ntau tus tau hnov txog lub nroog me me ntawm Sudak ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Crimean. Lub hiav txwv zoo nkauj thiab dav ntug hiav txwv dej tsis yog tsuas yog kev khav theeb ntawm lub zos. Lub npe nrov Genoese fortress (Sudak) coj nws lub koob meej loj tshaj plaws. Nws yog hais txog nws uas peb xav tham hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

nto moo tshaj plaws Crimean fortress

Lub Genoese fortress hauv Sudak muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb-chav monument. Tab sis rau tag nrho nws qhov tseem ceeb, nws tau kawm me ntsis. Cov keeb kwm tseem tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus teb meej txog thaum lub fort tau tsim. Lub fortress yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th-14th. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub Crimea muaj ntau architectural monuments thiab sights. Tab sis Genoese fortress (duab yog muab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab impressive complex. Ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis tau khaws cia tag nrho, thiab cov kab ntawm kev puas tsuaj tau pom ntawm phab ntsa, tab sis lub zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov qauv ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog tseem pom. Genoese fortress yog lub fortress loj tshaj plaws uas tau khaws cia rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub. Nws yog kev txaus siab tsis yog raws li ib qho khoomKev tshawb fawb archaeological, tab sis kuj yog ib qho zoo heev monument.

Txoj kev twg mus rau Sudak, los ntawm hiav txwv lossis av, lub fortress impresses nrog nws grandeur.

Genoese fortress nyob qhov twg?

Lub fortress nyob rau ntawm lub roob siab, uas hu ua Fortress. Sawv ntsug ntawm nws sab saum toj, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov nthuav dav ntawm hiav txwv ntawm Cape Ai-foka thiab Cape Megan. Lub hav Sudak, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm roob, ncab raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntev tshaj li yim kilometers. Mount Ai-Georgy nce nyob rau sab qaum teb, Sokol nyob rau sab qab teb, thiab Perchem-Kaya nyob rau sab hnub poob. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, cheeb tsam no yog ib tug fertile av rau viticulture, horticulture thiab ua liaj ua teb. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias cov architecture ntawm lub fortress nws tus kheej zoo nkaus li sib haum xeeb tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm ib puag ncig thiab zoo li yog ib qho nrog nws.

Nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj, cov kab hluav taws xob mus txog ntawm Fortress Hill, uas tau siv los ua kev tiv thaiv kwj deg hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis tsuas yog Genoese siv cov kev pab hauv zos rau kev tiv thaiv. Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv lub fortress, muaj yav dhau los fortifications tsim los ntawm Byzantines, uas tau raug pov thawj thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations.

Pike perch thaum lub sijhawm Crimean Khanate

Xyoo 1223 lub nroog raug ntes los ntawm Mongol-Tatars. Cov neeg hauv zos tau tawg mus rau hauv roob. Tom qab Mongol-Tatar ntxeem tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1239 nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Batu Khan. Cov Genoese kuj tau tshwm sim ntawm no tom qab lub zog ntawm cov Tatars tsis muaj zog. Lawv thaum kawg ruaj Sudak tom qabKev swb ntawm hordes ntawm Mamaia ntawm Kulikovo teb.

piav qhia ntawm lub fortress qub

Txhua thaj chaw Crimean uas cov neeg Italians nyob tau hu ua Genoese Gazaria. Lub chaw nyob hauv Kaffa. Feem ntau cov Genoese ua lawv cov fortifications nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov phab ntsa uas muaj ob lub nplhaib. Tom qab thawj lub nplhaib feem ntau yog cov chaw cob qhia thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm lub tsev, tab sis tom qab qhov thib ob - warehouses, consul lub tsev, cov tsev tswj hwm, thiab lub tsev ntawm cov nom tswv.

Lub Genoese fortress nyob rau hauv Sudak nyob ib tug loj loj cheeb tsam ntawm txog 30 hectares. Tab sis txawm qhov no, nws yuav luag impregnable vim nws qhov chaw zoo incredibly. Qhov siab ntawm lub fortress phab ntsa mus txog rau meters. Thiab nyob rau qee qhov chaw thiab xya meters. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub fortress tau nruab nrog kaum tsib-meter towers.

Lub Genoese fortress hauv Sudak nyob thaj tsam loj: txog 30 hectares. Tab sis txawm qhov no, nws yuav luag impregnable vim nws qhov chaw zoo incredibly. Qhov siab ntawm lub fortress phab ntsa mus txog rau meters. Thiab nyob rau qee qhov chaw thiab xya meters. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub fortress tau nruab nrog kaum tsib-meter yees.

Muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm phab ntsa, tiv thaiv los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tua. Nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib sab nrauv muaj kaum plaub yees nyob rau ntawm lub Fortress Hill, lub kaum tsib nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres nkoj cheeb tsam. Los ntawm txoj kev, rau hnub no kaum ob yees sawv saum lub fortification. Ib tug yog cais, ob tug tsuas yog ruins.

Peb lub rooj vag coj mus rau Genoese fortress. Txog tam sim no, hmoov tsis, tsuas yog Tus Thawj Coj tau muaj txoj sia nyob. fortress phab ntsa thiabcov yees yog tsim los ntawm lub zos grey limestone, plhaub pob zeb thiab sandstone. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov masonry muab lub laj thawj hais tias kev tsim kho tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub fortress, pom tau tias, muaj ib tug dej system uas xa dej los ntawm ib qhov chaw nyob rau Mount Perchem. Hmoov tsis zoo, tib lub tsev uas tau muaj sia nyob zoo ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Genoese fortress yog lub mosque.

Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Constantinople hauv 1453, cov Turks xa lawv cov tub rog mus rau Crimea. Raws li lawv qhov kev tawm tsam, tag nrho cov khoom ntawm Genoese ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv maj mam poob. suav nrog Sudak.

Fortress thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman Russia

Thaum tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish, cov tub rog Lavxias tau nyob hauv ceg av qab teb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov Ottoman tsis tau poob kev cia siab ntawm kev rov ua lawv lub zog hauv Crimea. Ntau zaus lawv sim tsaws rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv, Suvorov tau hais kom ntxiv dag zog rau ntug dej hiav txwv. Thiab nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Genoese fortress, ib tug artillery redoubt tau tsim. Ib me ntsis tom qab, barracks raug tsa rau cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Kirillovsky regiment. Cov no yog cov kev tsim kho zaum kawg uas tau ua nyob rau thaj chaw fortress. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab los ntawm nws, lub fortress poob nws lub hom phiaj thiab maj mam pib tig mus rau hauv ruins. Xws li yog keeb kwm ntawm Genoese fortress.

History Museum

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub fort tau ua phem nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum cuaj los ntawm German colonists uas nrhiav tau lawv lub zos nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa thaum ub. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress, lawv pasted nyuj thiab tsoovaj txiv hmab. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua, qhov kev puas tsuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm qhov xav tau los khaws cov khoom vaj tsev architectural. Tom qab tsim lub hwj chim ntawm Soviet, Genoese fortress nyob rau hauv Crimea tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm ib tug keeb kwm monument. Nws raug coj los rau hauv lub xeev kev tiv thaiv. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, ib tug intensive architectural thiab archaeological kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub complex pib. Cov hauj lwm kho dua tshiab hauv zos kuj tau ua.

Tab sis tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm keeb kwm tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub fortress. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, ntau tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev kawm lub architectural monument.

Nyob rau xyoo 1968, tau pib ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los kho qhov chaw ntawm cov phab ntsa fortress uas tau raug puas lawm thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub poob, lub nplhaib tiv thaiv sab saud, lub kaum tsev ntauwd, Nameless thiab Corrado Chikalo, nrog rau cov phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj.

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, Genoese fortress hauv Sudak (duab yog muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm) tau hloov mus ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog li 30 hectares. Tam sim no, los ntawm cov tsev ntawm lub 10th-15th centuries, lub Portovaya thiab Dozornaya yees, tiv thaiv phab ntsa, lub tsev fuabtais Consular, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm kaum ob tug Thwj Tim, ib tug mosque, lub Catholic Cathedral ntawm lub Virgin Mary, seaside fortifications thiab cov seem ntawm. Cov tsev hauv nroog tau dim.

Tour of the Genoese fortress

Muaj kev so hauv Crimea, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau qhov chaw zoo nkauj ntawm ceg av qab teb. Ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau ntawm cov architectural monumentstsom mus rau South Coast. Cov txheeb ze rau lawv, lub fortress yog nyob ib sab. Tab sis tseem, qhov kev ncua deb tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv sij hawm los mus xyuas qhov chaw ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj no.

tsheb npav saib xyuas coj cov neeg ncig tebchaws mus rau lub rooj vag ntawm lub fortress. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pab pawg coj mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub fort, lub ruins thiab seem ntawm ib co vaj tse tam sim ntawd ntes lub qhov muag. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog attracted los ntawm cov yees, miraculously ciaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub rooj vag yog ib tug ntawm lawv - Jacobo Torsello. Thiab los ntawm sab hnub tuaj koj tuaj yeem pom tus pej thuam ntawm Beriabo di Franchi. Lub mosque thaum ub, uas tau khaws cia zoo rau niaj hnub no, yog qhov nthuav heev ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Nws lub tsev yog qhov sib npaug zoo, ua rau muaj qhov dav thiab lub teeb sab hauv.

Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub mosque yog lub tsev fuabtais consular, uas yog tag nrho cov tsev. Ntawm no yog lub Main pej thuam thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ob leeg txuas nrog cov phab ntsa muaj zog, ntawm qhov uas muaj lub tshav puam.

Inside of the Consular Tower, muaj ib lub qab daus uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag stairs. Ib chav ntawm lub tsev yog lined nrog du hewn pob zeb. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws ib zaug tau txais kev pab raws li lub tank dej. Nyob ze yog St. George's Tower, uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab ntawm St. George lub Victorious nws tus kheej, los ntawm qhov chaw lub npe los ntawm.

Barbican

Taug kev ncig lub fortress, xyuam xim rau tus barbican. Qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li kev tiv thaiv fortification ua nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntsiab nkag. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm tus barbican twb ncigqhov tob tob, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv nws tsuas yog los ntawm viav vias choj. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov neeg tawm tsam. Ib zaug nyob ze tus barbican, cov tub rog tuaj tua hluav taws ntawm phab ntsa thiab cov pej thuam.

dej tank

Peb twb tau hais tias muab dej tso rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress. Cov dej tau muab rau cov chaw tshwj xeeb uas ua haujlwm khaws cia dej. Lub tank tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Ib tug ntawm lawv muaj ib tug ntim ntawm 185 cubic meters, thiab lub thib ob - 350 cubic meters. Ib chav ntawm no tam sim no yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej numismatic.

Pasquale Giudice Ntauwd

Ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress, koj yuav tau ntsib tus pej thuam Pasquale Giudice. Nws khaws cia ib daim ntawv qhia nrog lub npe ntawm tus consul thiab hnub uas tso lub tsev. Muaj cov slabs zoo sib xws hauv txhua tus pej thuam, txij li lawv tau ua txhua lub sijhawm sib txawv.

Cov tsev zoo li no feem ntau muaj ob peb theem. Cov mos txwv tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qib qis, qhov khoob rau kev tua phom yog nyob rau thib ob, thiab ballista raug rho tawm haujlwm rau qib thib peb. Txhua tus yees ntawm lub fortress muaj qhov chaw zoo sib xws.

Saib deck

Muaj lub lawj saib ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress, uas muaj qhov zoo nkauj panoramic saib ntawm Sudak Bay. Qhov chaw no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev mus ncig ua si. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem nqa cov duab tshwj xeeb ua ib qho cim ntawm kev taug kev zoo siab. Raws li txoj kev, koj yuav, ntawm chav kawm, pom tsob ntoo xav. Muaj ob peb ntawm cov no thoob plaws hauv ceg av qab teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog tsob ntoo no uas muaj yeeb yuj. Yog muaj kev hlubkev ntshaw, ces los ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias yuav ib tug ribbon thiab khi nws rau ib tsob ntoo. Ntseeg los tsis ntseeg, lawv yeej muaj tseeb.

Fairs

Tam sim no, ntau yam xwm txheej, kev nthuav qhia, kev ua koob tsheej, kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab lwm yam tau ua ntu zus nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm keeb kwm complex. Txhua xyoo, kev ua koob tsheej thoob ntiaj teb hu ua "Genoese Helmet" tau tuav ntawm no. Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias lub fortress tau rov ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm txoj kev koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj zoo rau kev nco.

Yuav mus rau Sudak?

Yog tias koj npaj yuav mus xyuas Sudak, ces koj yuav tsum paub tias Genoese fortress qhib thaum 10.00 txog 18.00 txhua hnub yam tsis muaj hnub so. Hauv txhua lub zos thiab lub nroog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Crimean, muaj ntau yam kev mus ncig ua si, suav nrog kev mus xyuas lub fortress. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov tuam txhab mus ncig hauv zos. Kuj tseem muaj peev xwm taug kev hiav txwv mus rau Sudak los ntawm nkoj.

Yog tias koj muaj koj tus kheej thauj, ces koj tuaj yeem yooj yim mus rau koj qhov chaw raws txoj kev loj. Hauv Sudak, txhua tus yuav qhia koj qhov twg koj yuav tsum tsiv mus. Koj yuav tau tawm ntawm kev thauj mus los ze qhov chaw nres tsheb "Selo Cozy". Thiab ces, kom pom cov ruins ancient, koj yuav tsum mus ko taw.

Yuav ua li cas mus rau Genoese fortress los ntawm kev thauj pej xeem? Thaum mus txog ntawm chaw nres tsheb npav Sudak, koj yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau lub tsheb tavxij 6 lossis 5. Qhov chaw siv yuav tsum yog qhov nres "Selo Cozy".

Tshwj xeeb tom qab

Genoese fortress -ib qho ntawm cov brightest sights ntawm Crimea. Ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb keeb kwm thiab qhov chaw zoo kawg nkaus rau kev mus ntsib tsev neeg. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog pom cov tsev keeb kwm ntawm kev txaus siab, tab sis kuj txaus siab rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, lub complex, txawm tias kaw rau cov qhua, tig rau lub teeb tshwj xeeb. Lub sijhawm no, lub fort zoo li zoo nkauj dua thiab tsis meej.