Tshav dav hlau Istanbul: piav qhia thiab duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Tshav dav hlau Istanbul: piav qhia thiab duab
Tshav dav hlau Istanbul: piav qhia thiab duab
Anonim

Cov lus pov thawj zoo uas koj tau txais tos los ntawm cov khaub ncaws tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv txoj kev mus ncig - koj tau ntsib ntawm tshav dav hlau, coj los ntawm xim! Tab sis nws muaj tseeb, lub tshav dav hlau yog lub ntsej muag ntawm lub nroog. Thiab thaum nws los txog rau cov nroog loj xws li Istanbul, ces cov kev cai rau lub tshav dav hlau tau teeb tsa raws li.

Epigraph txog majestic Istanbul

Istanbul yog lub nroog uas muaj keeb kwm zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj uas tau tsim muaj xyoo 667 BC. e. thiab mus txog rau xyoo 1930 tau txais lub npe zoo siab ntawm Constantinople, ua lub peev ntawm Byzantine thiab Ottoman empires thaum lawv txoj kev vam meej tshaj plaws. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias ntau tus neeg yuam kev hu nws lub peev ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, vim nws yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws txawv txawv no. Nws cheeb tsam yog 5343 sq. km, thiab cov pejxeem muaj ntau dua 14 lab tus tib neeg.

Txoj kev ntawm Istanbul
Txoj kev ntawm Istanbul

Istanbul yog lub hleb loj ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis keeb kwm khaws cia hauv lub nroog cov tsev cia puav pheej, cov naj npawb ntawm cov uas, suav nrog cov chaw tsim vaj tsev, ua rau ib nrab ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab keeb kwm ntawm tag nrho cov tebchaws Turkey. Yog, hauv IstanbulCov tsev teev ntuj thaum ub, Muslim mosques, fortresses, sultan lub palaces tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, thiab lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb, ua tiav ntawm cov hlau, Cathedral ntawm St. Stephen ntawm Bulgaria, occupies ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Istanbul yog lub tsev rau lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam sab hauv tsev loj tshaj plaws, Grand Bazaar thaum ub, uas muaj ntau dua 3,000 lub khw.

Tab sis txawm hais tias muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab tus ntsuj plig pom tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm, Istanbul yog lub nroog loj heev uas ua raws li lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, lub metro hauv Istanbul tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1875 thiab suav hais tias yog ib qho qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tom qab London thiab New York.

Txhua yam txaus nyiam hauv Istanbul, txawm tias nws thaj chaw zoo nkauj heev. Lub npe nrov Bosphorus nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig thoob ntiaj teb, dhau los ua kev tshoov siab rau cov kws ua yeeb yam, kws sau ntawv, thiab ntaus suab paj nruag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub Bosphorus Strait yog ib feem ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj geography ntawm lub nroog, faib nyob rau hauv ib nrab thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asia. Nws yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm ob haiv neeg sib txawv ntawm tib thaj av uas muab Istanbul nws cov cim ntxim nyiam thiab ntxim nyiam. Nws yog hu ua li ntawd - "lub nroog ntawm Bosphorus", uas yog mus xyuas ib xyoos ib zaug los ntawm ntau tshaj 6 lab tourists.

Bosphorus
Bosphorus

Yuav mus rau Istanbul

Qhov chaw thaj chaw ntawm "lub nroog ntawm Bosphorus" tshuav nws cov cim ntawm kev txhim kho lub nroog huab cua thauj. Yog li, hnub no Istanbul tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm ob lub tshav dav hlau thoob ntiaj teb:

  1. Nyob rau sab Europe, qhov no yog Istanbul Atatürk Havalimanı tshav dav hlau (ICAO tshav dav hlau code - LTBA thiab IATA - ist).
  2. AsianQhov chaw yog Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı tshav dav hlau (uas muaj ICAO codes LTFJ thiab IATA SAW).

Muab cov neeg caij tsheb loj, hauv 2012 nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub tshav dav hlau thib peb kom tshem tawm Ataturk thiab Sabiha tshav dav hlau. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv cov neeg caij tsheb tag nrho yog ntau dua 80 lab tus neeg caij tsheb ib xyoos.

Cia peb mus saib lawv txhua tus.

tshav dav hlau Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Istanbul Ataturk International Tshav Dav Hlau, muaj npe tom qab thawj Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, nyob rau hauv European feem ntawm Istanbul, 24 km ntawm lub nroog nruab nrab thiab yog ib lub tshav dav hlau loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Europe. Keeb kwm ntawm tshav dav hlau hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo 1924, thaum nws tau siv tshwj xeeb rau kev ua tub rog. Thawj lub davhlau ntawm pej xeem dav hlau tau pib nyob rau xyoo 1938, thiab hauv 1953 lub davhlau ya nyob twg tshiab tau qhib.

Hnub no Ataturk yog lub tshav dav hlau loj nrog thaj tsam ntawm 9.5 lab square metres, nrog rau kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab cov neeg caij tsheb txhua xyoo ntawm ntau dua 60 lab tus tib neeg. Nws qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Marmara ua rau nws yooj yim mus rau nws:

  1. Nws yuav siv sijhawm 30-35 feeb taug kev hauv av lub teeb metro hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim los ntawm Aksaray chaw nres tsheb ncaj qha mus rau Ataturk tshav dav hlau rau 4 Turkish liras (~ 70 rubles).
  2. Nyob ntawm cov tsheb npav tsis tu ncua, kev taug kev yuav siv sijhawm 40-50 feeb rau 12 Turkish liras (~ 204 rubles). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam no yog tsheb npav tshwj xeeb Havatas (Havatas).
  3. Taxi yog txoj kev kim tshaj plaws mus txog qhov ntawdmus rau lub tshav dav hlau, tab sis qhov ceev tshaj plaws - nyob rau hauv ib nrab ib teev koj tuaj yeem tau mus rau lub hauv paus square rau 50-60 Turkish lira (~ 1000 rubles).
  4. Koj tuaj yeem xauj tsheb thiab tsav tsheb mus rau tshav dav hlau ntawm koj tus kheej siv Txoj Kev Coastal, D-100 International Road thiab TEM (Trans-European Motorway).
Ataturk tshav dav hlau - nkag
Ataturk tshav dav hlau - nkag

Cov txheej txheem ntawm tshav dav hlau Ataturk suav nrog tsis yog txhua yam koj xav tau, tab sis kuj muaj cov chaw so khoom kim heev, tsev so, cafes thiab tsev noj mov nrog ntau hom zaub mov hauv tebchaws thiab European, khw muag khoom tsis pub dawb, khoom noj khoom haus, WI-FI kev pab them nqi, cov ntaub ntawv txee, ATMs, chaw muag tshuaj, lub hnab ntim khoom, hnab ntim khoom, pauv txiaj, tsheb xauj thiab ntau dua.

Ntau tshaj li ib puas lub dav hlau ua haujlwm lawv lub davhlau ntawm Ataturk tshav dav hlau. Ntawm lawv:

  1. AeroFLOT RUSSIAN AIRLINES.
  2. AIR FRANCE.
  3. AIR CANADA.
  4. BRITISH AIRWAYS.
  5. DEUTSCHE LUFTHANSA AG.
  6. EMIRATES.
  7. PEGASUS AIRLINES.
  8. ROSSIYA AIRLINES.
  9. TURKISH AIRLINES.
  10. UKRAINE INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE thiab lwm yam.
Ataturk tshav dav hlau - backstage
Ataturk tshav dav hlau - backstage

Sabiha Gokcen tshav dav hlau

Lub tshav dav hlau thoob ntiaj teb thib ob ntawm Istanbul - "Sabiha Gokcen" - nyob rau hauv Asia ib feem ntawm lub nroog, 35 km ntawm qhov chaw. Lub tshav dav hlau dais lub npe ntawm thawj Turkish poj niam tub rog tsav, Sabiha Gokcen, uas kuj yog tus ntxhais ntawm Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Kev tsim kho ntawm Sabiha tshav dav hlauHauv Istanbul pib hauv 1998, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2001 nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev pib tsim lub tshav dav hlau thib ob yog cov neeg caij tsheb coob zuj zus tuaj ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Ataturk nkaus xwb thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Nyob rau hauv 2008, kev tsim kho ntawm lwm lub davhlau ya nyob twg tau pib, thiab twb tau muab tso rau hauv 2009. Yog li, hnub no Istanbul Gokcen tshav dav hlau nrog thaj tsam ntawm 200 txhiab square meters. m pab ntau tshaj 28 lab tus neeg caij tsheb hauv ib xyoos.

Tsis zoo li lub tshav dav hlau Ataturk, qhov chaw ntawm Sabiha tshav dav hlau muaj kev thauj mus los tsis yooj yim, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis muaj metro. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev mus rau lub tshav dav hlau:

  1. Nyob rau cov tsheb npav uas feem ntau khiav ntawm nruab nrab thiab rov qab. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no kuj yog txoj kev siv nyiaj tshaj plaws.
  2. Ntawm Havatas express shuttles. Raws li nrog Ataturk tshav dav hlau, qhov no yog qhov ceev tshaj plaws, yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws kom tau txais ib ncig.
  3. Taxi kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev kim rau mus thiab los ntawm tshav dav hlau.
  4. Metrobus yog lub tsheb thauj neeg tseem ceeb hauv Istanbul. Nws txav mus sai thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cov tsheb sib tsoo. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tau caij tsheb npav KM22 mus rau nws qhov chaw nres tsheb.
Sabiha tshav dav hlau - Nkag
Sabiha tshav dav hlau - Nkag

Cov txheej txheem ntawm tshav dav hlau "Sabiha" tau tsim kho thiab ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb. Lub tshav dav hlau muaj ntau lub khw uas tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm, cafes thiab tsev noj mov, khw muag tshuaj thiab cov chaw pabcuam thawj zaug, chav tsev niam thiab menyuam, kev pabcuam pauv nyiaj, ATMs, WI-FI, txee raurecharge gadgets, chaw nres tsheb thiab tsev so kev pab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshav dav hlau tau nruab nrog ramps rau cov neeg tsis taus.

Sabiha Gokcen Tshav Dav Hlau yog lub tshav dav hlau hauv paus rau Pegasus Airlines thiab lub hub rau Turkish Airlines, Qaib Cov Txwv lub ntsiab cab kuj.

Sabiha Gokcen tshav dav hlau
Sabiha Gokcen tshav dav hlau

Istanbul Third Tshav Dav Hlau

Qhov nrov ntawm cov chaw so hauv Turkey tau loj hlob txhua xyoo, thiab yog li ntawd cov neeg caij tsheb hauv tshav dav hlau, uas feem ntau ua raws li cov ntsiab lus sib txuas rau ntau lub davhlau, kuj tseem loj hlob.

Yog li ntawd, thaum Lub Rau Hli 2014, Istanbul cov tub ceev xwm tau txiav txim siab tsim lub tshav dav hlau thib peb, uas, nrog rau Sabiha Gokcen tshav dav hlau, yog tsim los daws lub tshav dav hlau Ataturk.

Lub tshav dav hlau tshiab, raws li cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm lub peev xwm txog li 150 lab tus tib neeg hauv ib xyoos, uas yuav ua rau nws yog thawj zaug loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab thib tsib loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.. Nws tau npaj tias yuav qhib 6 txoj kev khiav ntawm lub tshav dav hlau tshiab.

Qhov chaw ntawm lub tshav dav hlau tshiab nyob rau sab Europe ntawm Istanbul yog nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo vim muaj kev thauj mus los yooj yim ntawm lub nroog no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau kev tsim lub tshav dav hlau, cov kev thauj mus los tshiab yuav raug tsim, uas yuav tsum tau txuas ncaj qha rau lub tshav dav hlau nrog lub nroog nruab nrab. Qhov no yuav suav nrog txoj kev thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau uas yuav ua rau kev khiav tsheb mus rau tus choj tshiab thib peb hla Bosphorus, tam sim no tab tom tsim kho.

Daim ntawv qhia ntawm tshav dav hlau Istanbul
Daim ntawv qhia ntawm tshav dav hlau Istanbul

TsiCov tub ceev xwm Turkish nthuav tawm ib txoj haujlwm rau kev tsim kho cov kab tshiab metro uas ua rau lub tshav dav hlau thib peb hauv Istanbul. Nws tau npaj tias nws yuav muaj qhov ntev ntawm 33 km, uas yuav txo txoj kev mus rau tshav dav hlau los ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv nroog los ntawm 40 feeb mus rau 1 teev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshav dav hlau tshiab yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pej xeem hauv nroog.

Istanbul lub tshav dav hlau thib peb tseem tsis tau muaj npe, yog li nws tseem hu ua Istanbul Yeni Havalimani lossis tsuas yog "Tshav Dav Hlau Tshiab".

Txog hnub no, ntau dua 70% ntawm cov haujlwm tau ua tiav. Thawj theem ntawm kev tsim lub tshav dav hlau tau ua tiav, thiab nws qhov kev qhib yog teem rau lub Kaum Hlis 29, 2018. Hnub tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Hnub no yog hnub ntawm 95 xyoos ntawm kev tsim lub koom pheej ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv.

New Istanbul tshav dav hlau
New Istanbul tshav dav hlau

Thiab kawg…

Koj tuaj yeem tham tsis kawg txog txhua qhov kev zoo siab ntawm Istanbul thiab Turkish kab lis kev cai, thiab nws yog qhov zoo kawg uas lub xyoo pua 21st thiab cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub muab sijhawm rau tib neeg los ya mus rau txawv teb chaws thiab txaus siab rau kev mus ncig.

Istanbul yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws, thiab peb lub tshav dav hlau yog qhov kev lees paub tseeb ntawm qhov no. Muaj kev cia siab siab rau lub tshav dav hlau Istanbul tshiab. Txawm hais tias cov neeg caij tsheb tau kwv yees kwv yees (150 lab tus neeg caij tsheb), nws tau npaj yuav pib lub tshav dav hlau ua haujlwm tag nrho los ntawm 2028, thaum nce cov neeg caij tsheb mus txog 200 lab ib xyoos! Nrog rau qhov kev txhim kho no, lub tshav dav hlau Istanbul tshiab thov kom ncav cuag qib tshiab ntawm kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li lawv hais, hmoov zoo!

Pom zoo: