Botanical Garden ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb: nws nyob qhov twg? Ib daim duab

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub vaj botanical tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws - Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb muaj npe tom qab N. V. Tsitsin suav tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws thiab Europe. Nws ua kev zoo siab rau nws hnub yug 70 xyoo dhau los.

History

keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm botanical vaj yog complex thiab nplua nuj. Hnub tsim tau sau tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog xyoo 1945. Xyoo no, nyob rau thaj av ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Ostankino Park, nws tau txiav txim siab los npaj lub vaj botanical tshiab.

400 xyoo nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Ostankino thaj av muaj hav zoov uas tsis muaj zog, uas nyob hauv cov zos tawg. Tib qhov chaw tau npaj rau kev yos hav zoov rau moose thiab dais los ntawm huab tais rangers. Txij li xyoo 1558, thaj av no, uas tau tso cai rau Satin Alexei Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, tau hloov ntau tus tswv.

Txij li thaum 1743, Ostankino dhau mus rau hauv tes ntawm Sheremetevs los ntawm kev sib yuav ntawm Pyotr Borisovich rau Princess Varvara Cherkasskaya. Tom qab tag nrho, yav tom ntej tus poj niam tau txais ntau thaj av los ua tus nqi tshoob, suav nrog cov cuab yeej cuab tam no. Tom qab ib pliag, lawv tus tub Nikolai Sheremetyev yuav saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Nws qhia txog kev txwv tsis pub noj zaub mov, txiav ntoo, tua tsiaj, khaws berries, nceb, thiab yuav kom tus thawj tswj tsis txhob cia nws mus rau hauv hav zoov ntoo qhib."tus neeg taug kev".

Zoo kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 tau cim los ntawm kev rhuav tshem hav zoov, kev ua liaj ua teb tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, tswj tsis tau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsiaj qus thiab noog.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, cov kev cai lij choj tau pom zoo txwv tsis pub muaj kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov chaw ua si hauv hav zoov, uas tau ua nruj me ntsis txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov rog nyuaj, uas tau cawm Ostankino vaj tse.

Lub Vaj Botanical ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws qhov nruab nrab, yog ib feem tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw hav zoov. Tsis muaj kev nkag mus dawb rau cov ntoo qhib hav zoov, nws cov ntoo qhib yog qhov nruab nrab txog 160 xyoo, txawm hais tias muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas muaj txog li 300 xyoo. Muaj birches, maples, spruces, aspens, roob tshauv, thiab lwm yam. Lub crowns ntawm cov ntoo nkaum loj bushes: hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, euonymus. Nyob rau hauv lawv yog cov ntaub pua plag nyom ntawm kev sib tw anemone, lungwort, aromatic lily ntawm lub hav, plaub hau sedge, chickweed, thiab lwm yam. Lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib groves, uas tau lees paub raws li tus qauv ntawm Central Lavxias teb sab broad-leaved hav zoov.

Txhua qhov kev sau thiab nthuav tawm ntawm lub vaj ob qho tib si ib txwm muaj thiab zoo nkauj haum rau cov oaks thiab birches loj hlob ntawm no.

Hnub no lub Tsitsin Botanical Garden ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb yog 331 hectares ntawm cov nyiaj khaws cia tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ntau tshaj 18,000 hom thiab ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv 1991, nyob rau hauv ib tug solemn ceremony, lub ntsiab Lavxias teb sab botanical vaj yog lub npe hu ua tom qab tus zoo kawm ntawv thiab nto moo botanist, breeder thiab geneticist Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin, uas coj nws rau ntau tshaj 35 xyoo, los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm nws lub hauv paus.

Territorial division

Thaum tsim lub vaj, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog npaj cov khoom sab hauv thiab sab nraum zoov uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm qhov no lossis thaj chaw ntuj raws li qhov ua tau. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau ua kom pom cov paj ntawm USSR, cov chaw haujlwm tau ua:

- European ib feem ntawm lub koomhaum;

- North Caucasus;

- cheeb tsam Siberia;

- Central Asia;

- Far East.

Cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ze rau qhov tseeb tau tsim nyob rau ntawm txhua qhov chaw no. Ib yam dab tsi zoo li: ntxiv cov xuab zeb tshwj xeeb, pob zeb, pas dej lossis cov kwj deg tau tsim los ua kom cov av noo, lossis cov slides tshwj xeeb tau tsim. Tag nrho cov nroj tsuag tau cog rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke pom hauv qhov muaj tiag.

Lub Vaj Botanical ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tsim kom muaj kev qhia chaw zov me nyuam los sim cov nroj tsuag tshiab.

Cov lus qhia uas muaj nyob niaj hnub no tau txais lwm lub npe. Lawv nthuav tawm cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm Far East, Siberia, Central Asia, Caucasus thiab Eastern Europe.

Ntawm thaj chaw loj heev niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom cov nroj tsuag tundra, coniferous-broad-leaved, light-coniferous, dark-coniferous forests, suab puam, steppes thiab meadows.

Sau cov vaj sau yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm xwm. Rau qhov no, pib txij li xyoo 1946, kev ntoj ke mus kawm tau raug xa mus rau ntau thaj chaw ntuj tsim nyob hauv Soviet Union. Cov neeg koom nrog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj lossis muaj kev puas tsuaj.

Lub paj muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub vaj hloov tas li. Nws yog ntau haiv neeg hauv xyoo 1990. Niaj hnub no, lub vaj ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb yog qhov chaw so rau cov pej xeem thiab cov qhua.nroog.

Cov qhua ntawm lub nroog, mus saib ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog, nco ntsoov tuaj rau lub vaj botanical ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences. Moscow, nthuav qhia lub vaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws, muaj kev pom ntau yam cog qoob loo.

nthuav tawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm Eastern Europe thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm Central Asia

Yuav luag 6 hectares yog nyob los ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm Eastern Europe. Nws muaj ntau tshaj 300 hom thiab hom nroj tsuag: txog 20 hom ntoo qoob loo, kwv yees li 30 hom nroj tsuag thiab ntau tshaj 200 hom herbaceous plantations, feem ntau yog los ntawm Carpathians.

Lub vaj botanical tseem ceeb muaj npe tom qab Tsitsin RAS muaj qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv Central Asia. Nws tau tsim tsis ntev ua ntej tsov rog ntawm Sparrow Hills ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Moscow Botanical Garden ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, nws tau ua tib zoo xa mus rau ntu ntu (nyob hauv Ostankino). Tab sis nws tau muaj rau cov neeg tuaj saib tsuas yog xyoo 1953. Ntuj botanical thiab geographical tej yam kev mob tau recreated ntawm no. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm roob siab thiab cov suab puam tau tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum tertiary. Coniferous thiab broad-leaved forests, alpine thiab subalpine meadows, steppes thiab rocky toj, thiab ntau yam nroj tsuag uas muaj kev puas tsuaj yog sawv cev rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Koj tuaj yeem saib feem ntau ntawm qhov nthuav tawm los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov khoom siv swb.

nthuav tawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm Caucasus, Siberia thiab Far East

Ib cheeb tsam ntawm yuav luag 2.5 hectares yog nyob los ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntawm Caucasian nroj tsuag. Cov no yog ntau tshaj 300 hom ntoo cog, suav nrog 23 hom tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj. Lawv nyob ntawm tej toj roob hauv pes thiab tej hav zoov.

Ntau tshaj 200Cov nroj tsuag sau nyob rau hauv exposition ntawm Siberian zaub. Ntawm cov khoom pov thawj uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm no, ntau dua 50 hom tau lees paub tias muaj kev phom sij lossis tsis tshua muaj.

Ib qho ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov nthuav tawm ntawm cov paj ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj. Yuav luag 400 hom nroj tsuag ntawm thaj chaw no nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 8.5 hectares.

Thematic thaj chaw ntawm GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

Lub Vaj Botanical ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv xyoo 1950 ua tiav qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txhua xyoo nyom nyom yog cog rau hauv ridges, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas coj los ntawm xwm. Muaj ntau ntau hom shrubs thiab ntoo nyob rau hauv qhov kev nthuav qhia no. Organizers, tsim thiab cog ensembles ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua lawv kev faib raws li lawv cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov.

thawj ntu yog cov roj tseem ceeb, tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntau yam haujlwm hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev thiab muaj cov tshuaj lom.

Qhov thib ob yog cov nroj tsuag technical. Cov no yog fibrous, dyeing thiab tanning. Cov nroj tsuag no tau ua thiab tseem siv hauv kev lag luam.

Thib peb - zaub mov thiab zib mu. Cov nroj tsuag uas yog lub hauv paus zaub mov rau cov tsiaj hauv tsev (quav nyab, silage, pasture).

thib plaub yog hom zaub mov. Lawv yog tsim los txhawb lub neej ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov no yog vitamin, tsw, ntsim, tshuaj yej thiab infusion.

Arboretum

Lub Vaj Botanical muaj npe tom qab N. V. Tsitsin RAS khaws cia txog 1,700 tsob ntoo thiab tsob ntoohom nroj tsuag. Lawv tau sau rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm arboretum (ntau dua 75 hectares). Botanical Garden ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences yog tsim zoo li ib tug toj roob hauv pes chaw ua si, uas yog, cov nroj tsuag yog systematized. Cov cheeb tsam no zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg nplooj poob. Tab sis txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj no nws tsis yog qhov txaus nyiam taug kev ntawm cov coniferous beauties npog nrog lub kaus mom daus.

Heather thiab Japanese Garden

Muaj qhov nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb hauv arboretum - Heather Garden. Cov hom tshwj xeeb ntawm erica thiab yuav luag 20 ntau yam ntawm heather raug coj los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws nyob ze ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab yog ib puag ncig los ntawm conifers, barberries, spireas thiab rhododendrons.

Tsis muaj qhov kaj thiab tshwj xeeb GBS nthuav tawm - "Japanese Garden". Nws tau tsim nrog kev pab los ntawm Japanese Embassy nyob rau hauv lub peev. Tsis tshua muaj hom sakura, hom ntoo ornamental thiab tshuaj ntsuab ntawm thaj av tau coj los ntawm cov Islands tuaj. Lawv tau teeb tsa zoo nkauj nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom siv dag zog nrog ntau cov txuas hniav, cov tuam tsev thiab cov pob zeb.

Zoo heev sau los ntawm roses npog yuav luag 2.5 hectares.

Piv txwv ntawm lub tsev cog khoom yog suav tias tsis muaj nqi. Lawv raug xa tawm los ntawm Brazil, Nyab Laj, Cuba, Madagascar thiab lwm lub tebchaws ntawm thaj tsam equatorial. Ntau tshaj li ib puas hom ntawm lawv tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab Thoob Ntiaj Teb.

Ib qho chaw zov me nyuam tshwj xeeb hauv Moscow Botanical Garden

Ntxiv rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb, GBS cov neeg ua haujlwm tau koom nrog kev xaiv, yug me nyuam thiab muag cov noob thiab cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag paub thiab tshiab. Lub chaw zov me nyuam muaj kev muag khoom hardwood cog khoomntoo, lianas, shrubs, perennial tshuaj ntsuab, clematis thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo plantations. Seedlings nyob rau hauv lub botanical vaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences yog heev nrov. Lawv cov nqi qis heev, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom cog yog siab heev. Ob lub chaw muag khoom tau koom nrog kev muag cov noob. Ib (lub ntsiab) nyob ntawm txoj kev. Botanicheskaya, 31, tawm tsam lub ntsiab nkag mus rau GBS.

Tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb

Botanical Garden BIN RAS lawv. Komarova V. L., nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ntawm Aptekarsky Island. Nws yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences. Nws keeb kwm pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th nrog ib tug apothecary lub vaj. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Peter I. Thaum pib, tau kawg, nws yuav tsum cog cov nroj tsuag tshuaj rau nws.

Nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 19th, lub vaj Apothecary tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj, vim tsis muaj nyiaj txiag pab kiag li. Alexander kuv tau muab nws cov lus txib rau V. P. Kochubey, uas tau nthuav tawm ib txoj kev npaj rau kev rov tsim lub vaj. Tam sim no kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb tau dhau los ua nws cov lus qhia tseem ceeb. Appropriations rau Pharmaceutical Garden tau yuav luag ob npaug. Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txawm tau teeb tsa. Lub vaj tau nquag txhim kho mus txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

botanical vaj muaj npe tom qab n v tsitsina ran

Txawm li cas los xij nrog kev ua koob tsheej ntawm bicentenary ntawm Botanical Garden xyoo 1913, nws tau raug hu ua Peter the Great. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nws tau los ua Main Botanical Garden ntawm Lavxias teb sab Soviet koom pheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov chaw nyob ntawm imperial thiab tsev cog khoom ntiag tug tau pauv mus rau nws.

Hauv xyoo 1930 lub vaj tau raug xa rov qab mus rau Academy of Sciences ntawm USSR. Xyoo tom qab nws tau koom nrog Botanical Tsev khaws puav pheej. ATYog li ntawd, lub koom haum Botanical tau tsim. Thaum lub sij hawm thaiv, txawm tias muaj kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, lub vaj tau raug puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, kev kho kom zoo dua qub tau ua nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog. Tam sim no nws yog lub vaj loj-arboretum. Nws hlub cov neeg nyob hauv St. Petersburg thiab cov qhua hauv nroog.

Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm Academy of Sciences yog Botanical Garden ntawm USC RAS. Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan. Lub vaj tau los ntev thiab nyuaj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.

Hnub no nws muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag, zoo siab rau nws txoj kev kawm tau zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsiaj qus ntawm cov teb chaws thiab xaiv cov nroj tsuag ornamental.