Shukhov ntauwd hauv Moscow: chaw nyob, qhov siab, duab

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias cov khoom xws li Shukhov Ntauwd yeej yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub peev niaj hnub no ntawm Lavxias Federation.

Lub tsev siab siab no tuaj yeem pom los ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv nroog, thiab cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj ntawm Moscow qhib los ntawm nws sab saud.

Kev piav qhia dav dav

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Shukhov pej thuam hauv Moscow muaj ob peb lub npe. Nyob rau hauv nqaim, feem ntau kev voj voog, nws yog hu ua Shukhov Xov tooj cua Ntauwd, Shukhov TV Ntauwd los yog Shabolovskaya TV Ntauwd.

Feem ntau, qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab no, nruab nrog lub plhaub hlau thauj khoom, tau ua raws li qhov tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm Academician V. G. Shukhov. Kev tsim kho loj heev tau siv sijhawm ob xyoos tag nrho, txij xyoo 1920 txog 1922 ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los.

Thaum nws ua haujlwm, kev tsim kho tau koom nrog Ministry of Communications. Tam sim no, txij li xyoo 2001, Shukhov Ntauwd tau raug pov tseg ntawm FSUE RTRS.

Hnub no nws tsis yog siv rau nws lub hom phiaj thiab ua qhov chaw rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes.

Howmus rau qhov pom ntawm lub nroog?

Lub Shukhov Ntauwd, uas nws cov duab tshwm ntau dua thiab ntau dua hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov chaw nthuav hauv Lavxias lub nroog, nyob hauv Moscow, ntawm txoj kev. Shabolovka.

Nws yeej tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws xav paub kom ploj, vim tias kev nrhiav khoom yooj yim heev. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau Shabolovskaya metro chaw nres tsheb thiab taug kev txog 300 meters.

Thaum muaj xwm txheej hnyav, koj tuaj yeem nug cov neeg taug kev los yog cov neeg nyob hauv lub microdistrict qhov twg Shukhov Ntauwd nyob, thiab lawv yuav zoo siab coj koj mus rau qhov chaw koj mus.

Lub tsev nta

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev pom, Shukhov Ntauwd muaj cov ntu sib cais, txhua tus tau sib sau ua ke hauv av los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa nrog winches. Tom qab ntawd, twb nyob rau ntawm qhov siab, qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv tau interconnected nrog tshwj xeeb muaj zog rivets.

Raws li thawj qhov project, qhov siab ntawm Shukhov pej thuam yuav tsum yog qhov zoo nkauj heev, txog 350 m. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xwm txheej yuam kom peb rov ua txoj kev npaj. Lub teb chaws tau ntsib kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm hlau, yog li 160 m yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.

Keeb Kwm Luv luv ntawm Shukhov Ntauwd

Xyoo 1919, thaum muaj kev phom sij rau tub rog rau USSR, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus tas li thiab txhim khu kev qha ntawm Moscow thiab sab nrauv ntawm lub tebchaws thiab ntau lub xeev Western, V. I. Lenin tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim kho sai. xov tooj cua pej thuam.

Lub sijhawm no, Shukhov twb ua haujlwm lawmob peb yam haujlwm zoo sib xws. Nws tau txiav txim siab tias qhov kev tsim no yuav tsum tau coj los ua lub hauv paus rau kev ua txuj ci txuj ci yav tom ntej (thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, tau kawg).

Lub Shukhov Ntauwd ntawm Shabolovka yuav tsum dhau lub ntiaj teb nto moo Eiffel Ntauwd. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog peb zaug sib zog dua li tus qauv Fab Kis: 2200 tons piv rau 7300 tons. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam poob qis tsis tso cai rau tus kws tshaj lij txoj kev npau suav ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv lub Union thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, raws li twb tau hais lawm, muaj kev puas tsuaj tsis muaj hlau, yog li ntawd, tom qab sib tham, lawv tau nyob rau ntawm ib tug pej thuam 150 m siab.

Lub Kaum Hli 1919, Shukhov Ntauwd, uas nws qhov chaw nyob yog paub zoo rau ob leeg Muscovites thiab cov qhua ntawm lub peev, pom nws lub hauv paus.

Feem ntau, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Shukhov txoj haujlwm yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau lub tebchaws uas raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tsov rog thiab kev tawm tsam. Tus tsim ntawm tus pej thuam tau xav tawm mus rau qhov kev nthuav dav me tshaj plaws, tab sis tseem heev unpretentious. Simplicity thiab practicality tau hnov nyob rau hauv txhua yam nthuav dav, thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsis xav tau tshwj xeeb kev txhim kho thiab mas rivets thiab profiles.

Txawm li cas los xij, Shukhov Ntauwd hauv Moscow (cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej hauv nroog) tsis tau tsim sai li peb xav tau. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yws tias cov rooj zaum thiab cov rooj zaum ib txwm tuaj txog lig heev, thiab cov hlau tsis kam sawv tawm txhua qhov.

Tus Sau V. G. Shukhov tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho, taug kev mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv, sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, xaj khoom noj, thiab qee zaum hais lus nrog kev sib ntaus ua tiav cov nyiaj ua haujlwm raws sijhawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev sib sau cov khoom, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau los nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib sau cov ntu 25 m siab thiab hnyav txog li 300 phaus hauv av, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa lawv nrog cables thiab winches. Nws tus kheej tau mus kawm txhua qhov nce. Thiab maj mam Shukhov Ntauwd hauv Moscow pib ua kom zoo.

Shukhov, txawm tias muaj teeb meem ntawm tus kheej, mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev tsim kho txhua yam. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919, nws tus tub tuag, lub Peb Hlis 1920, nws niam. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1921, qhov kev poob siab hauv qab no tau tshwm sim: thaum lub sijhawm nce ntawm ntu plaub, qhov thib peb tawg. Ib qho ntawm cov cables tawg, thiab ntu plaub poob, ua rau thawj ob, uas ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm tus pej thuam. Cov neeg raug tsim txom, hmoov zoo, raug zam, tab sis txij hnub ntawd Shukhov pib nug, kev sim siab thiab kev ua haujlwm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig lub npe hu ua "kev ua raws cai", uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua tiag tiag yog tias tus pej thuam tsis tau ua tiav raws li lub sijhawm teem tseg.

Lub Shukhov Ntauwd, uas paub txog peb, daim duab uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv uas npaj rau architectural faculties thiab nyob rau hauv cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws daim ntawv qhia mob siab rau Moscow, pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1923.

Cov neeg laus yuav nco ntsoov tias ntev heev nws tau ua "ua lag luam daim npav" ntawm TV thoob plaws hauv USSR. Kev sim xov tooj cua tshaj tawm los ntawm lub chaw no tau ua thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1937, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1939, kev tshaj tawm tsis tu ncua twb tau ua los ntawm qhov ntawd.

Tus tsim maj mam poob nws lub ntsiab lus. Qhov qhib ntawm ntau niaj hnub thiab muaj zog Ostankino Ntauwd hauv 1967 tau ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv qhov no.

Tus pej thuam zoo li cashnub no

Tab sis tseem, Shukhov pej thuam ntawm Shabolovka tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm Russians. Yuav ua li cas? Qhov tseeb yog tias tom qab hluav taws kub ntawm Ostankino TV ntauwd hauv xyoo 2000, qhov chaw no tau txhawb nqa kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov channel tseem ceeb rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab.

Hnub no, cov kws tsim vaj tsev nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau lees paub tias nws yog ib qho tshwj xeeb thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm engineering.

Ntiaj teb koob meej thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tswv yim hu ua Shukhov Tower, daim duab uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntsiab lus zoo, kuj tau lees paub los ntawm cov khoom plig ntawm ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia. Nws cov qauv tau koom nrog yuav luag txhua qhov kev nthuav tawm European muaj koob npe ntawm xyoo tas los no.

Piv txwv li, cov duab ntawm lub xov tooj cua ntauwd tau siv los ua lub logo hauv Paris, ntawm Pompidou Center, ntawm "Engineering Art" exhibition. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2003 nyob rau hauv Munich, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tshwm sim hu ua "Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Designs thiab vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub Architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th", ib tug 6-meter-siab gilded qauv ntawm lub Shukhov ntauwd yog ntsia. ntau phau ntawv European txog keeb kwm ntawm architecture.

Nyob rau xyoo 2006, ntawm lub rooj sib tham txog kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb "Kev khaws cia ntawm Architecture ntawm 20th Century", uas tau koom nrog 170 tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm 30 lub teb chaws, Shukhov Ntauwd tau lees paub tias yog Lavxias tus qauv tsim vaj tsev thiab lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lub xaib rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom "Active Citizen", Shukhov Tower yog tam sim no tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev, pom zoo kom suav nrog hauv cov npeUNESCO World Heritage Site, tab sis tsis nkag mus tau.

Txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav nyob rau xyoo pua 21st

British kws kes duab vajtse N. Foster tau sau ib tsab ntawv nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 2010 thov kom tus pej thuam rov tsim kho kom tiav raws li lub xeev qub, sib cav tias nws yog derelict thiab poob sib nrug.

Hnub no, architects muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho qhov khoom. Ib tug ntawm lawv tawm tswv yim los tsim ib ncig ntawm nws (nyob rau hauv zoo li lub Eiffel Ntauwd) ib qho chaw ua si. Nws yuav tsum tso kev lag luam, tsev cia puav pheej thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm no.

Nyob rau xyoo 2011, V. Putin tau hais kom faib 135 lab rubles los ntawm Federation pob nyiaj siv rau xyoo 2011-2013. rau kev tsim thiab rov tsim kho qhov chaw.

Lub Rau Hli 2012, tus pej thuam tau tshawb fawb los ntawm lub dav hlau tsis muaj neeg coob. Nrog nws cov kev pab, tus qauv peb-seem ntawm ib thaj av Moscow tau tsim nrog distortions thov rau nws uas tshwm sim dhau sijhawm.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, kev sib tw rau txoj cai los xaus ib daim ntawv cog lus los tsim cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim kho lub pej thuam tau yeej los ntawm Quality and Reliability LLC, uas tau tsim lub ntiaj teb kev tsim kho tshiab rau ntau tshaj kaum. thiab ib nrab lab rubles.

Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Shukhov Tower fund thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus kws tshaj lij engineers tau hais tias qhov project muaj nqis 2 lab euros tau them los ntawm cov tsev kawm txawv teb chaws uas cuam tshuam txog cov teeb meem ntawm architecture, engineering thiab physics.

Yuav tsum tau kho dua

Lub sijhawm tag nrho lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tus qauv tsim vaj tsev yeej tsis tautsis tau overhauled. Rov qab rau xyoo 1992, qhov xav tau kev kho sai sai tau txiav txim siab. Shukhov Tower Foundation tau thov ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub tsev tshwj xeeb no.

Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog ua kom thaj chaw kaw uas nyob ib sab ntawm tus pej thuam yog thaj chaw ncig xyuas, tsim chaw ua si, pas dej, tsev cia puav pheej thiab chaw ua yeeb yam.

Nws kuj tau thov kom txav tus qauv mus rau ib qho ntawm cov chaw hauv qab no:

• Gorky Park;
• VDNH;
• Kaluga outpost cheeb tsam.

Muaj ntau tus neeg tawm tsam kev hloov pauv, ntawm lawv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov peev txheej Active Citizen ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. "Lub Shukhov Ntauwd yuav tsum nyob hauv nws qhov chaw keeb kwm, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsuas rhuav tshem lub ntiaj teb masterpiece," lawv hais.

Plan kev hloov pauv: kev sib cav rau thiab tawm tsam

Nyob rau xyoo 2014, Ministry of Communications thiab Mass Media tau tshaj tawm tias tus pej thuam tau dhau los ntawm kev sib tsoo ua ntej mus rau kev puas tsuaj loj.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub xeev cov tub ceev xwm tau hais kom rhuav tshem cov khoom kom tiav thiab rov qab los rau lwm qhov.

Tab sis 38 tus kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws thiab kws tshaj lij, nrog rau cov neeg nyob hauv Shabolovka koog tsev kawm ntawv, tam sim ntawd tawm tsam kev hloov pauv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub teb chaws cov cuab yeej cuab tam.

Raws li pej xeem cov kev ntxhov siab, Tsoomfwv tau txiav txim siab tsis rhuav tshem tus pej thuam thiab hais kom Ministry of Communications ntsuas kub ceev ntawm nws tus kheej cov nuj nqis los tiv thaiv lub chaw.

Shukhovskaya Foundation yog dab tsipej thuam"?

Lub taub hau ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm tib lub npe yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus kws tshaj lij - Vladimir Fedorovich Shukhov. Niaj hnub no nws muaj kev tsim kho kom zoo ntawm thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig tus pej thuam. Raws li cov European kev paub nyob rau hauv lub restoration ntawm tshwj xeeb architectural qauv, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug tsim nyog infrastructure nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm nyiam kev nqis peev loj.

Lub Shukhov Tower Foundation sawv cev rau kev tsim ib hom chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, uas yuav suav nrog lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm V. G. Shukhov, lub chaw lag luam thiab cov tuam tsev pej xeem.

Lub koom haum nyob rau theem thoob ntiaj teb caw ob lub koom haum thiab cov tuam txhab, nrog rau cov kws tshaj lij, kws tsim vaj tsev thiab cov kws tshaj lij los koom tes.

Ntxhais lus tseeb txog tus pej thuam

Shukhovskaya yog qhov tseeb ib qho kev tsim kho hyperboloid, ua hauv cov duab ntawm cov kabmob hlau mesh plhaub. Tam sim no, tus pej thuam tau lees paub los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thoob ntiaj teb ua ib qho kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws hauv engineering art.

Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, sleek hlau mesh tsim uas txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cua, uas yog qhov phom sij loj rau cov qauv siab. Cov qauv hlau tshwj xeeb yog qhov hnyav thiab ruaj khov.

Lub cev puag ncig ntawm tus pej thuam yog tsim los ntawm rau 25-meter ntu, qis dua uas tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus tshwj xeeb peb-meter-qhov tob. Ib feem ntawm lub pej thuam yog fastened nrog rivets. Lub pej thuam tau uacranes, tsuas yog xav tau ib tus neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke saum toj saud.

Ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, lub tsev tau dhau qhov kev kuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb: lub dav hlau xa ntawv ntes tau ntawm lub xov tooj txhawb nqa ntawm tus pej thuam thaum lub davhlau. Lub tsheb tau tawg yuav luag tag, thiab lub turret tsuas yog staggered me ntsis, tab sis, hmoov zoo, tseem sawv.

Ntxim qab heev uas nyob rau hnub uas thawj zaug tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm, thaum cov neeg tshaj tawm tsis muaj cai ua txawm tias qhov yuam kev me me, lawv tuaj nrog kev ua yeeb yam "kom muaj hmoo": nrog kev xav ntawm ib qho muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj tawm, mus ncig ntawm tus pej thuam thiab kov nws cov kab teeb ntawm lub hauv paus.

tawm tswv yim zoo los ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws

Tus pej thuam yog ib qho ntawm cov cim ntawm Moscow. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tau pom lub npe nrov no, thib peb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws pej thuam hauv Moscow, xav txog nws lub tsev zoo nkauj, ib qho khoom qub thiab zoo nkauj heev, cov khoom muaj nqis tiag tiag ntawm Russia.

Lawv hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab huab cua ntshiab, towering hla lub nroog pob zeb hav zoov, zoo li majestic.

Tib neeg cia siab tias tus pej thuam yuav nyob twj ywm hauv Moscow thiab thaum kawg yuav rov qab los.

Tus neeg tawm tsam ntawm kev khaws cov khoom

Tu siab, muaj qee qhov. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev rhuav tshem ntawm qhov chaw hais tias, nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev tam sim no, lub pej thuam disfigures cov tsos ntawm microdistrict.

Tsuas muaj ib qhov xaus: Shukhovskaya xav tau rov qab los, thiab nws yuav tsum ua kom sai li sai tau.