Ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nthuav qhov pom ntawm Estonia niaj hnub no yog Toompea Castle. Lub fortress ancient tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug qub ntoo fortification. Lub keeb kwm keeb kwm tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo heev. Niaj hnub no lub tsev fuabtais tau suav nrog UNESCO World Heritage List, nws thaj chaw txuas ntxiv siv rau pej xeem cov kev xav tau. Qee lub sij hawm, kev mus ncig ua si rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi muaj nyob ntawm no, thiab txhua tus neeg taug kev tuaj yeem qhuas cov phab ntsa fortress qub.
Legends about the founding of Toompea
Vyshgorod yog qhov chaw keeb kwm ntawm Tallinn, uas feem ntau hu ua Upper Town. Cov kev sib haum xeeb thaum ub tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam nrog ib qho chaw nthuav dav heev. Qhov no yog ib lub toj siab, pob tsuas, nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 48 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, thawj zaug, kev sib hais haum hauv cheeb tsam no tau hais los ntawm lub npe Koluvan. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev sib hais haum tau hu ua Toompea thiab yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv Estonia. Muaj lus dab neeg zoo nkauj txog lub zos fortress. Raws li EstonianRaws li cov pej xeem opus Kalevipoeg, Toompea Castle tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw so ntawm tus huab tais mythical Kalev. Thaum tus thawj kav tuag lawm, nws tus poj niam Linda nyuaj siab ntev. Tus poj huab tais tau faus nws tus txiv uas nws hlub rau saum ib lub roob thiab muab ib lub pob zeb loj loj rau saum lub ntxa, tom qab ntawd los ua ib lub nroog fortress.
Zaj dab neeg tseeb ntawm lub fortress
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, Toompea yog lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv Estonia. Lub nroog sab saud nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntoo nrog cov yees ntawm cov ces kaum. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg txawj ntse pib nyob ntawm ko taw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, kev lag luam kab tau tsim. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Toompea Castle tau suav tias yog qhov chaw lag luam loj, vim tias muaj chaw nres nkoj nyob ze. Xyoo 1219, lub fortress ntoo, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho ntawm Estonia, raug ntes los ntawm King Valdemar II (Denmark). Tus conqueror tam sim ntawd txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Toompea. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus huab tais tshiab, lub fortress tau pib rov tsim kho thiab ntxiv dag zog.
Historians pom zoo tias Valdemar II tswj los tsim tsuas yog ib lub fortress ntoo txhim khu kev qha. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1227, Denmark poob nws lub hwj chim tshaj Estonia, sab qaum teb thaj av ntawm lub xeev raug ntes los ntawm Order of the Sword. Kaum xyoo tom qab, ntawm kev coj ntawm Pope, lub colony tau rov mus rau lub nceeg vaj Danish. Denmark xyoo 1346 tau txiav txim siab muag thaj av rau Teutonic Order, uas sai sai tau rov muag Toompea Castle thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig rau Livonian Order. Txhua tus tswv nrhiav kom rov tsim kho lub fortress. Nws ntseeg tau tias lub fortification tau txais nws cov niaj hnub saib thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th.xyoo pua. Nws paub tseeb tias tus pej thuam nto moo "Long German" tau tsim los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Livonian Order.
Castle architecture
Toompea Tsev fuabtais (Tallinn) hauv txoj kev npaj yog yuav luag plaub npaug. Lub fortification yog fortified nrog plaub yees nyob ntawm cov ces kaum. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog "Long German" ("Long Warrior"). Lub pej thuam tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau. Niaj hnub no nws qhov siab yog 48 meters. Nyob rau theem kawg qhib ntawm "Long Herman" tus chij Estonian tau teeb tsa. Qee lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd, lwm cov pej thuam tau tsim tsa: "Stür den Kerl" ("Tshem cov yeeb ncuab"), "Pilshtike" ("Arrow grinder") thiab "Landskrone" ("Crown of the earth"). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub fortress twb tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug tob moat.
Toompea Castle (Tallinn) hnub no
Hauv xyoo pua 16th, tom qab Livonian Tsov Rog, Estonian thaj av tau nyob los ntawm Swedes. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Toompea Castle tau suav hais tias yog lub tsev "tsis zoo" thiab dhau los ua cov khoom tiv thaiv. Vim li no, lub fortress tsis tau txais kev saib xyuas. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Estonia tau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Catherine II, lub tsev fuabtais pib rebuilt lub tsev rau tsoom fwv. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ib feem ntawm phab ntsa thiab ib qho ntawm 4 lub tsev tau raug rhuav tshem. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev no uas lub tsev fuabtais tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no. Xyoo 1997, lub fortress tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab tau suav nrog hauv UNESCO World Heritage List. Hnub no Toompea Tsev fuabtais (Tallinn, chaw nyob: Toompea Hill, Upper Town) yog lub rooj zaum tseem ceeb ntawm pawg thawj coj.
Yuav mus ncig ua si li cas?
Ib qho yuam kev tsis tau zam txim yog mus rau Tallinn thiab tsis pom Toompea fortress nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm Estonia, nrog rau lub tsev fuabtais zoo tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws nyiam qhuas cov panoramas ntawm lub fortress thiab thaij duab tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum ntawm cov yees qub. Ntau tus neeg so haujlwm xav paub yog tias nws tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv? Txawm tias niaj hnub lub hom phiaj ntawm lub fortress, excursions yeej ua. Koj yuav tsum sau npe ua ntej. Toompea Castle (Tallinn) muaj lub sijhawm qhib txawv dua li lub tsev cia puav pheej. Lub fortress tsuas tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas raws li ib feem ntawm pawg koom ua ke (txij hnub Monday txog Friday, txij 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 4 teev tsaus ntuj), yog tias koj thov 5-10 hnub ua ntej hnub xav tuaj ntsib. Hu rau lub chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ncig tebchaws thiab kos npe rau kev ncig xyuas. Yog tias koj xav pom lub tsev fuabtais tsuas yog sab nraud, nco ntsoov qhuas nws los ntawm sab hnub poob.
