Lub nroog Lavxias qub no tau paub thoob ntiaj teb tsis yog rau nws cov keeb kwm ntau pua xyoo, thaj chaw zoo nkauj thiab tsim kev lag luam, tab sis kuj rau nws qhov chaw. Lub nroog ntawm Astrakhan, nthuav tawm ntawm ntug dej ntawm Volga, yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv nws cov kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis, uas peb yuav tsum tau paub nrog.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Cov hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Astrakhan rov qab mus rau qhov tob ntawm ntau pua xyoo. Thawj qhov hais txog qhov chaw uas lub nroog nyob niaj hnub no hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua kaum peb. Hnub yug ntawm lub hnub yug yog 1558, thaum kev tsim kho ntawm ntoo Kremlin pib nyob rau sab laug bank ntawm lub Volga. Nws yog thaum ntawd, tom qab koom nrog lub xeev Lavxias, nplooj ntawv tshiab pib hauv keeb kwm ntawm Astrakhan Khanate. Txawm li cas los xij, lub nroog tau txais nws cov xwm txheej tom qab - thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, nyob rau hauv Peter I.
Tab sis cov keeb kwm muaj lwm qhov kev xav txog qhov no. Astrakhan keeb kwm hauv zos Vladimir Gusev ntseeg tias Astrakhan twb muaj 1385 xyoo lawm. Tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub nroog tsis tuaj yeem sau npe rau ib xyoos twg, txij li nws yogyog txheej txheem ntev, qhia txog kev nom kev tswv, kev lag luam thiab kab lis kev cai.
Qee cov keeb kwm, tshuaj xyuas cov lus piav qhia txog dab neeg ntawm cov chaw no, tau xav txog tias thaj av ntawm Astrakhan yog qhov qub heev - nws muaj hnub nyoog txog xya caum txhiab xyoo!
Nyob hauv lub npe
Hnub no tseem tsis tau muaj qhov tseeb hais txog keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog lub npe. Muaj ob peb zaj dab neeg. Thawj ntawm lawv yog txuam nrog Ases pab pawg neeg, uas nyob hauv cov av no. Cov tub rog siab tawv rau lawv txoj kev ua siab loj thiab kev hwm tau pom nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txais los ntawm khan ib daim ntawv uas tau tso lawv tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm hauv lub xeev Tarkhan. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb, Ases hu ua lub nroog As-tarkhan.
Tseem muaj kev xav raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw sau. Hauv kev piav qhia ntawm nws txoj kev taug kev, Arab kev kawm ntawm Ibn Batuta qhia tias lub nroog muaj npe tom qab pious pilgrim. Lub Turkic Hajj, uas tau xaiv qhov chaw no rau kev sib hais haum, tau txais qhov khoom plig los ntawm Sultan lub luag haujlwm tsis pub dawb, lossis, raws li lawv tau hais, Sultan ua rau cov neeg taug kev mus rau tarkhan. Yog li ntawd lub npe Hadji Tarkhan. Raws li nws tsim, lub zos loj hlob mus ua ib lub zos, ces tig mus ua ib lub nroog.
Tus neeg taug kev Afanasy Nikitin kuj tau hais txog kev txhawb nqa lub npe no. Nws nyob hauv cov chaw no hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum tsib thiab tau thov tias Astrakhan yog Lavxias teb sab version, uas yog raws li Hadji Tarkhan.
Astrakhan keeb kwm hauv nroog Vladimir Gusev ntseeg tias thawj lub npe ntawm lub nroog yog Aztargan, thiab nws tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 625 los ntawm Western Turkic Khagan Ozbulan.
Lub nroog Astrakhan niaj hnub no yog qhov chaw nres nkoj loj, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub xeev, txij li los ntawm kev koom tes nrog ntau lub tebchaws Caspian tau paub. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw muaj zog muaj zog, uas muaj kev txhim kho kev thauj mus los thiab kev lag luam zoo thiab thaj chaw raws li qhov zoo. Lub cheeb tsam Astrakhan nrog nws txoj kev loj yog suav nrog kev thauj mus los thoob ntiaj teb txuas rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb.
Astrakhan yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv natural resources, cia lub nroog los tsim ntau yam sectors ntawm kev lag luam. Nuv ntses loj hlob tuaj ntawm no. Lub teeb thiab zaub mov kev lag luam tau tsim kho zoo.
Tab sis cov kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Muaj ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov tsev teev ntuj nyob ntawm no. Ntawm tag nrho cov tuam tsev ntawm lub nroog keeb kwm xws li Astrakhan, Assumption Cathedral zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog majestic. Nov yog ib lub thaj neeb tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av no.
Sights of Astrakhan
Muab keeb kwm ntev ntawm lub nroog Lavxias no, ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog tias muaj pes tsawg yam nthuav hauv nws. Ib yam dab tsi poob, tab sis, hmoov zoo, ntau tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.
Ib qho ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto moo tshaj plaws attractions yog Astrakhan Kremlin, uas tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus monument ntawm lub nroog. Qhov no architectural monument, tshwj xeeb hauv nws cov keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis thiab kev zoo nkauj, tau tsim ntau tshaj plaub caug xyoo - los ntawm 1580 txog 1620. Nws yog tus embodiment ntawm tub rog engineering txawj ntse ntawm cov centuries, thiabib hom ntawv tuaj xyuas lub nroog. Nyob rau saum toj siab, nws pom los ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin npog ob peb qhov chaw ntxiv, ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj Orthodox nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Astrakhan yog Assumption Cathedral. Ntawm no yog lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Prechistensky Gates - nto moo, siab tshaj plaws pej thuam ntawm lub nroog, ntau tshaj yim caum meters siab. Astrakhan kuj muaj nws tus kheej qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem kawm txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag ntawm Astrakhan flora thiab fauna. Muaj ib lub circus, ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej, zoo nkauj thiab zoo-groomed embankment, kwj dej thiab ntau lwm qhov chaw nthuav.
Astrakhan Kremlin
Kuv xav hais ob peb lo lus ntxiv txog qhov chaw tsim lub nroog no. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, lub tuam tsev tsim vaj tsev no tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm ib lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv.
Lub Astrakhan Kremlin tau tsim los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Moscow lub nroog npaj: Mikhail Velyaminov, Grigory Ovtsyn thiab nom tswv Dey Gubastoy. Interestingly, plinths tshuav dhau los ntawm Tatar ruins tau siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Astrakhan Kremlin, kev txhim kho ntawm lub nroog, cov lus nthuav tawm nthuav tawm ntawm no, koom ua ke hauv keeb kwm thiab vaj tsev ntawm tib lub npe, tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam nthuav. Tshwj xeeb yog txaus siab yog cov exhibitions nyob rau hauv lub yees. Piv txwv li, Artillery, los yog tsim txom, pej thuam tso cai rau koj kom tau ib lub tswv yim ntawm yuav ua li cas lawv raug txim nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyob rau hauv Russia. Tab sis qhov kev nthuav qhia no qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib hnub nyoog kaum rau xyoo.
Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Lub Rooj vag Liab Ntauwd qhia cov neeg tuaj saib txog keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Astrakhan Kremlin nyob rau ntau pua xyoo. Piv txwv li, muaj cov duab thaij duab hu ua "Old Astrakhan", qhov twg koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab qub ntawm lub nroog ntawm lig 19th - thaum ntxov 20th centuries, nrog rau lawv cov kev tsim tawm.
Ntau yam nthuav dav tuaj yeem pom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin. Tsis tas li ntawm no yog Trinity Cathedral, St. Cyril's Chapel, Npis Sov Lub Tsev thiab ntau lwm qhov chaw uas qhia txog lub nroog qub xws li Astrakhan.
Assumption Cathedral
Nws nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin thiab yog nws thaj chaw nto moo tshaj plaws. Nws lub tsev majestically nce nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Kremlin thiab yog pom los ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv nroog thiab nws ib puag ncig. Qhov siab uas Assumption Cathedral (Astrakhan) tau ua rau nws yog ib lub siab tshaj plaws Orthodox cathedrals nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lub ntiaj teb no. Lub pearl ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox architecture yog tsim los ntawm Dorofei Myakishev.
Lub tuam tsev muaj ob chav txheej. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, uas yog me me nyob rau hauv qhov siab, muaj lub thiaj li hu ua lub tuam tsev qis, qhov chaw uas cov seem ntawm cov pov thawj Astrakhan so. Muaj cov tsev teev ntuj nrog cov relics ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab dawb huv martyrs.
Lub tuam tsev sab saud siab thiab kaj. Hnub ci ntws los ntawm ob theem ntawm qhov rais loj.
Zoo li lub Kremlin, nws zaj dab neeg qhia txog lub neej ntawm lub nroog zoo li Astrakhan, Assumption Cathedral kuj yog ib qho chaw tseem ceeb nrog kev nplua nuj thiab muaj xwm txheej yav dhau los.
Chronicle ntawm Cathedral
Nws pib nrog1560, thaum thawj lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw no, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem tau poob rau hauv disrepair thiab tau hloov los ntawm ib tug ntau ruaj, pob zeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev no tsis yog lub hom phiaj kom sawv ntsug ntev. Qhov laj thawj rau kev rhuav tshem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb yog nws qhov loj, uas tsis haum rau lub zej zog loj zuj zus tuaj.
Thiab xyoo 1699 lawv tau pib tsim lub Assumption Cathedral (Astrakhan), keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj kev tsim kho tau ntev txog kaum xyoo. Thawj qhov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub xeev. Lub nroog Sampson tau tswj hwm kev tsim kho thiab tig mus rau cov tub lag luam hauv zos thiab cov tswv av kom pab. Cov nom tswv hauv zos tsis tau khav theeb thiab khaws cov nyiaj txaus, caw cov tswv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Astrakhan los ua haujlwm. Tus kws kes duab vajtse Dorofei Myakishev tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm qhov project.
thawj architectural tsim yog rau lub tuam tsev ib lub dome. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, teeb meem nrog nws qhov kev ruaj ntseg tau pom, thiab tus kws tsim vaj tsev tsim tswv yim tshiab tsib-domed project. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1710 cov kev pabcuam pib hauv pawg ntseeg.
Lub xyoo hloov pauv tau hloov kho lawv tus kheej rau lub neej ntawm tag nrho lub xeev, lawv tsis hla Astrakhan. Lub Assumption Cathedral tau tshawb nrhiav ntau zaus, thiab ntau yam khoom ntawm txhua lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug tshem tawm. Ib feem loj ntawm nws tau yaj, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw. Txij li xyoo 1922, nws tau siv los ua lub tsev khaws khoom, chaw ua si, tua ntau yam thiab rau lwm yam.
Los ntawm 1992, lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv ib tug txaus ntshai: lub iconostasis raug hlawv, cov phab ntsa yogploj lawm, icons puas lawm. Xyoo no, kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj pib. Cov kev pabcuam Vajtswv yog thawj zaug hauv pawg ntseeg qis, thiab tom qab ob peb xyoos lawv tau rov pib dua nyob rau sab saud.
Lub iconostasis ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj
Qhov no yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj tseem ceeb uas nyob rau xyoo ua ntej kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm Assumption Cathedral (Astrakhan). Lub iconostasis ntawm no yog qhov tshwj xeeb, vim nws tau nce mus rau yim theem. Lub tsev teev ntuj kab lig kev cai ntawm kev tsim cov tuam tsev nyob rau hauv cov hnub tsis pub ntau tshaj xya kab ntawm icons.
Lub iconostasis ntawm Assumption Cathedral ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov cim zoo nkauj tshaj plaws pleev xim los ntawm cov tswv nto moo: Nikifor Popov thiab Ivan Andreev. Niaj hnub no, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau rov qab los, thiab nws tau txais nws qhov siab yim-tiered.
Astrakhan nyob qhov twg
Lub nroog qub tebchaws Lavxias no zoo kawg nkaus nyob rau sab qab teb Federal District of Russia. Ntxiv rau thaj tsam Astrakhan, nws suav nrog tsib yam ntxiv. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm European ib feem ntawm Russia thiab nyob rau hauv lub Volga-Caspian cheeb tsam.
Teb cov lus nug nyob qhov twg Astrakhan nyob, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tag nrho nws yog nyob rau kaum ib lub Islands tuaj ntawm Caspian lowland, lawv tau txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm peb caug choj. Lub ntsiab ntawm lub nroog cov pej xeem nyob rau sab laug bank ntawm lub Volga, thiab tsuas yog ib tug thib tsib - nyob rau sab xis.
