Ancient Palmyra tau tsim los ntawm Hurrian tus kav Tukrish. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, nws yog ib lub nroog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Syrian suab puam thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo nkauj oasis ntawm lub Syrian lub nroog Damascus thiab tus dej loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Western Asia - lub Euphrates. Lub "dej qab zib" ntawm Euphrates, raws li lub npe ntawm tus dej yog txhais los ntawm cov lus Aramaic, ua rau muaj ntau yam ancient civilizations.
Txoj kev ntawm ntau lub tsheb thauj neeg hla dhau Syrian suab puam khiav hla Palmyra. Vim nws qhov chaw zoo, lub nroog vam meej, txuas ntxiv nthuav dav thiab tau txais lub npe hu ua " nkauj nyab ntawm cov suab puam ". Cov tuam tsev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Palmyra yog cov tuam tsev ntawm Bel thiab Baalshamin.
Temple of Bel in Palmyra
Lub tuam tsev qub qub no tau suav tias yog qhov khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv Syrian Palmyra. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 32 AD, thiab qhov pib ntawm nws kev tsim kho tau poob rau xyoo ntawm kev kav ntawm Emperor Tiberius. Cov tsos ntawm lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Bel cim lub superiority ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws, uas annexed Palmyra. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau dhau los ua lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog qub, txhim kho kev hwm ntawm tus kav saum ntuj ceeb tsheej Bel.
Kev tsim lub tsev no tau dhau los ua lub cimKev sib koom ua ke ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Sab Hnub Poob: sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv Middle Eastern kab lis kev cai, thiab nws cov facades sib haum mus rau kev nyiam vaj tse ntawm Western rulers ntawm Palmyra. Nws tau xav tias lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Bel yog tsim los ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev los ntawm lub nroog Antioch.
Inside the structure there only one, but very large ceremonial hall. Cov mlom loj ntawm cov vajtswv ntawm Palmyra tau teeb tsa hauv nws lub niches. Sab nraud, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov bas-reliefs thiab cov kab me me, thiab lawv cov bronze capitals ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv lub ci ci ntawm lub hnub. Cov bas-reliefs qhia txog kev ua koob tsheej, 7 lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub hnub ci thiab 12 lub cim kos npe.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, lub tuam tsev ntawm Bel tau txais qhov zoo nkauj dua, uas tau paub thoob ntiaj teb txog xyoo 2015: tus neeg siab hlob Roman tus huab tais Aurelian tshem tawm cov tooj liab ntawm cov kab thiab coj mus rau lub peev ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws.
Temple of Baalshamin in Palmyra
Lub tsev kev ntseeg loj tshaj plaws no tau pib ua hauv xyoo 17 txij thaum yug ntawm Tswv Yexus, thiab txoj haujlwm kawg ntawm nws txoj kev tsim tau tiav nyob rau xyoo 130, thaum lub sijhawm huab tais Loos Hadrian kav.
Lub tuam tsev tau muab siab npuab rau Phoenician deity Baal, uas tau pe hawm los ntawm Western Semites. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub pantheon, Baalshamin yog tus tswv saum ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab txib cua daj cua dub thiab los nag, ua tsaug rau cov av qhuav los ntawm lub hnub ci ntsa iab los ua fertile. Lub tuam tsev Baalshamin hauv Aramaic txhais tau tias "Vajtswv Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej"
Baalshamin tau suav tias yog incarnation ntawm tus vaj tswv siab tshaj Bel. Yog li ntawd, hauvtsis zoo li lub tuam tsev tom qab, nws muaj qhov me me thiab nyob deb ntawm txoj kev hauv nruab nrab. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv tsis tseem ceeb, ob lub tuam tsev tau tsim ua tib yam qub qub, muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv lub tebchaws Syrian ornament thiab qhuas tus vajtswv Phoenician.
Tag nrho lub tsev sab nraud tau tsim nruj, tsuas yog lub hauv paus façade sawv tawm nrog rau qhov sib sib zog nqus 6-columned portico thiab lub portal uas muaj cov khoom zoo nkauj nplua nuj. Pilasters adorned sab phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev. Txawm hais tias nws me me, lub tuam tsev muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub nkag mus rau lub tsev, muaj ib tug altar uas yog ntau ancient nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tsim kho lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug yuav nyeem tau dedicatory inscriptions. Lawv tau sau ua lus Aramaic thiab Greek.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 5 AD, tom qab kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ntseeg Vajtswv, ob lub tuam tsev tau los ua cov ntseeg Vajtswv.
Lub Tuam Tsev Baalshamin - lub sanctuary ntawm tus kav saum ntuj ceeb tsheej
Baalshamin yog Phoenician deity uas tawm tsam nws qhov tseem ceeb nrog Bel. Zoo li Bel, nws tsim nws tus kheej triad, sib koom lub tuam tsev nrog cov vajtswv Aglibol thiab Malakbel, thiab tau sib npaug nrog Greek Zeus. Nws tau piav raws li tus tswv ntawm lub ntuj thiab piav qhia tias yog ib tug dav dav dav uas nws cov tis txuas mus rau lub hnub, lub hli thiab hnub qub. Nws cov cim yog xob laim thiab pob ntseg.
Baalshamin tau hwm tshwj xeeb hauv Palmyra, vim hais tias, raws li cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog, nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm nws seb qhov koob hmoov los nag yuav poob rau thaj tsam suab puam. Thiab cov dej hauv no, raws li koj paub, yog txhua yam.
XXI caug xyoo:Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm ancient Palmyra
Lub Yim Hli 23, 2015, cov neeg tawm tsam los ntawm Islamic State of Iraq thiab Levant (ISIS) cov koom haum ua phem rhuav tshem lub Tuam Tsev Baalshamin, ib lub tsev uas nws tsim nyob rau hauv 17 AD. Raws li Maamoun Abdulkarim, tus thawj coj ntawm Syrian State Department of Antiquities, cov neeg ua phem tau ntim lub tuam tsev nrog cov khoom tawg loj heev thiab tom qab ntawd tawg nws, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub cim qub ntawm Palmyra.
Vim yog kev ua phem ua qias, sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev raug puas tsuaj tag, thiab cov kab sab nrauv raug puas tsuaj loj heev. Cov vis dis aus thiab cov duab ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Baalshamin, ua kom tsis muaj kev hlub tshua los ntawm cov neeg phem uas tsis paub qab hau, ua rau muaj kev npau taws ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kev pom kev.
Lub Yim Hli 30, 2015, cov tub rog tau tawg lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Bel, ua kom nws lub hauv paus puas tag.
Zoo nkauj masterpieces ntawm ancient architecture, uas sawv tau yuav luag 2 txhiab xyoo nyob rau hauv lub hnub kub ntawm Middle East, raug puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm feeb.
Lub Peb Hlis 2017, Palmyra tau dim ntawm ISIS cov neeg phem. Cov tub ceev xwm Syrian tau npaj kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov monuments uas raug rhuav tshem thiab lub tuam tsev ntawm Baalshamin, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav lub tuam tsev ntawm Bel. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau thiab nyiaj txiag los tsim lawv, thiab tej zaum tsuas yog tom qab ob peb lub xyoo lawm, peb yuav tuaj yeem pom cov masterpieces zoo nkauj ntawm ancient architecture dua.
