Zoo kawg nkaus St. Petersburg yog nto moo thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no rau nws cov keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai thiab architectural monuments. Thiab tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv nyob hauv lub nroog. Lub stunning puag ncig ntawm lub Northern capital yog tsis muaj tsawg nthuav ntawm tourists. Ib tug ntawm cov suburbs nyob 40 km ntawm lub nroog. Qhov no yog Lomonosov. Ua ntej nws hu ua Oranienbaum. Ntawm no yog ib qho nthuav tsev cia puav pheej-reserve, uas khaws cov architectural masterpieces ntawm lub xyoo pua XVIII. Kev mus ncig rau Oranienbaum nrog kev mus ntsib Suav Palace yuav ua rau koj zoo siab.
History
Tus neeg koom tes ntawm Peter I thiab nws tus pab cuam ze tshaj plaws Alexander Danilovich Menshikov yog thawj tus uas tau saib xyuas cov av zoo nkauj no ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland, uas tau txiav txim siab los tsim nws lub tebchaws nyob ntawm no.
Qhov no yog li cas lub npe nrov Grand Palace tau tshwm sim, uas nrog nws cov khoom kim heev thiab zoo nkauj overshadowed lub palace ntawm Peter kuv nws tus kheej, uas nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tau tsim nyob rau hauv Peterhof. Nyob ze yog lub vaj zoo nkauj qis.
Nyob rau xyoo 1727 Tub Vaj Ntxwv Menshikov poob ntawm kev txaus siab thiab raug xa mus rau raug ntiab tawm. Tag nrhonws cov cuab yeej, suav nrog lub palace hauv Oranienbaum, tau pauv mus rau lub xeev cov nyiaj txiag. Xyoo 1743, tus poj huab tais ntawm Russia Elizaveta Petrovna tau nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam rau nws tus tub, uas tom qab ntawd los ua tus huab tais Lavxias teb sab Peter III.
Tus tswv tshiab tau tsim lub koom txoos Peterstadt, uas suav nrog lub fortress muaj zog thiab lub palace. Thaum Catherine II los txog rau lub hwj chim, ib theem tshiab ntawm kev tsim kho pib hauv Oranienbaum. Tus Empress tsim nws lub caij ntuj sov chaw nyob ntawm no thiab ua ib lub palace zoo nkauj "Own Dacha".
Menshikov Palace
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, Grand Palace hauv Oranienbaum tau tsim los ntawm thawj tus tswv - Tub Vaj Ntxwv Menshikov (1710-1727). Hais txog qhov loj thiab luxurious décor, nws tsis muaj qhov sib npaug hauv St. Petersburg thiab nws cov cheeb tsam. Lub palace hu ua Great Palace vim yog vim li cas. Lub monumentality ntawm lub tsev no yog muab los ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib lub toj. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev xav tias lub palace zoo li ntab saum ntug dej. Terraces nqis los ntawm façade. Ib-zaj dab neeg tis txuas nrog lub tsev loj ntawm ob sab, xaus nrog ob lub pavilions - Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Lub Koom Txoos. Lawv nyob ua ke los ntawm Chav Ua Noj thiab Freylinsky tis. Peter III hloov lub palace interiors. Sab Hnub Tuaj Pavilion, vim muaj ntau tshaj li ob puas yam khoom ntawm Suav thiab Nyij Pooj porcelain tshwm nyob rau hauv nws sab hauv, pib hu ua Japanese.
Suav Palace (Oranienbaum)
Lub tsev zoo nkauj no tau tsim tsa xyoo 1762-1768. Tus kws kes duab vajtse Antonio Rinaldi, paub zoo nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, tau los ua tus sau ntawm qhov project thiab tus thawj tswj kev tsim kho. Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov tsev tsim vaj tsev nyob hauv Oranienbaum yog txuam nrog lub npe no. Italian los ntawmKeeb kwm, nws tuaj rau Russia ntawm kev caw ntawm K. G. Razumovsky. Ntawm no nws nyob tau ntau xyoo, nrhiav tau ib lub tsev thib ob ntawm Lavxias teb sab av.
Yog tias tsis muaj lus tshaj tawm, peb tuaj yeem hais tias Tuam Tshoj Palace, nrog rau lwm cov khoom lag luam uas tsis muaj nqi ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, yog cov neeg paub zoo ntawm Lavxias architecture. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog rau kev kawm ntxaws. Lub npe muab rau Suav Palace (St. Petersburg) yog nyob rau hauv kev cai. Sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog lub architecture ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Tsuas yog hauv qee chav tau siv cov khoom siv zoo nkauj Suav, txhais tau yooj yim heev. Lub palace muaj ib qho loj sau ntawm Suav kos duab thiab Japanese porcelain. Ib feem ntawm phau ntawv no tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.
Architectural nta
Lub Tuam Tsev Suav (Oranienbaum) yog lub tsev me me, me ntsis elongated lub tsev uas zoo li me ntsis zoo li lub tiaj ua si lub caij ntuj sov pavilion. Nws yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug tsawg vaj huam sib luag ntawm pob zeb slabs thiab ib tug zoo nkauj hlau grating. Ob lub vaj me me parterre tau pw hauv ntej ntawm lub façade. Lawv organically haum rau tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lub tsev thiab, raws li tus kws kes duab vajtse, tau los ua ib feem ntawm nws.
Tib lub luag haujlwm yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo qhib loj heev uas muaj hnub nyoog ntau pua xyoo, uas tau cog tshwj xeeb thaum lub tsev tau pw: lawv zoo li txuas nrog lub tiaj ua si loj. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev yog me ntsis overestimated, nws yog nws compositional chaw. Lub facades yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pilasters. Glazed qhov rooj thiab qhov rais yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog stucco thav duab.
Palace Changes
Suav Palace yog ib zaj dab neeg. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov overestimated ib feem ntawm nws (los ntawm yav qab teb facade) nyob rau sab saum toj muaj ib los yog ob chav uas tsis muaj hniav finishes.
2 pem teb saum toj ntawm cov ledges (risalits) ntawm sab qab teb facade yog tsim los ntawm A. I. Stackenschneider nyob rau hauv lub lig 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Ib me ntsis tom qab, nws kuj ntxiv ib qho txuas ntxiv nrog ib chav mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tsev - Lub Rooj Sib Tham Loj, uas txuas nrog Hall of Music.
Xyoo 1853, L. Bonstedt tau ua tib yam txuas ntxiv mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev, thiab tseem rov tsim kho qhov nruab nrab ntawm sab qab teb facade. Ntawm no nws tsim ib lub qhov rooj glazed.
Palace interiors
Suav Palace (Lomonosov) tau tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws cov tsos, ua ke ntawm ntim, piv thiab proportions ntawm ib tug neeg qhov chaw txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm lub sab hauv. Lawv txhua tus muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv.
Txoj kev npaj ntawm lub palace yog symmetrical thiab compositionally balanced. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov system enfilade - interconnected interiors yog nyob rau tib axis. Lub hauv paus ntawm symmetry yog lub Great Hall. Nws muaj qhov siab ntawm 8.5 meters. Feem ntau xws li ceremonial halls, uas yog qee zaum hu ua Italian, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas hauv kev npaj ntawm lub palace.
Ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tsev muaj Lilac thiab Blue nyob chav, nrog rau cov chaw ua haujlwm (Small Chinese thiab Bugle). Lub enfilade tau ua tiav los ntawm Hall of Muses thiab Great Suav Txiaj Ntsig.
Architectural style
Suav Palace(Lomonosov) tau tsim thaum Lavxias architecture tau hloov pauv. Kho kom zoo nkauj cov tswv yim, nquag siv nyob rau hauv lub 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tsis ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm artistic, thiab cov tshiab classicism tseem tsis tau tag nrho tsim nyob rau hauv architecture.
Nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm lub palace facades, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm hloov pauv no yog ci heev. Lub décorativeness thiab ntau splendor yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev yav dhau los muab txoj kev ntawm no mus rau lub simplicity thiab conciseness ntawm artistic kho kom zoo nkauj. Qhov no yog tus yam ntxwv ntau dua ntawm kev txhim kho classicism.
Suav Palace tau tsim thiab dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - sculptors, mosaicists, marble makers, parquet makers, gilders, wood carvers thiab lwm yam.
Parquet
Cov duab ntawm Suav Palace feem ntau tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm glossy tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Nws luxurious kho kom zoo nkauj yog txaus siab rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab.
Kuv xav qhia koj txog lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov parquet tshwj xeeb. 772 square metres ntawm parquet tau sib sau los ntawm ntau hom ntoo hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Ntawm lawv yog paj yeeb, liab, txiv qaub thiab ebony, amaranth, rosewood thiab boxwood, ntoo qhib thiab Persian walnut thiab ntau lwm tus. Hauv qee chav, muaj txog li kaum tsib hom.
Ntoo planks tau nplaum rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov laug cam. Tom qab ntawd cov qauv me me raug hlawv lossis txiav tawm. Txhua chav muaj nws tus kheejib tug tshwj xeeb qauv ntawm parquet, uas tau khi rau tus so ntawm sab hauv. Parquets muaj nuj nqis heev. Hauv lawv qhov kev tsim thiab kev ua tiav, lawv tsis muaj qhov sib npaug hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Painting
Suav Palace yog cov organically dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab kos duab. Ntau lub panels, phab ntsa paintings, plafonds nyob ib qho chaw tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nws interiors. Lawv qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Kev sau ntawm plafonds khaws cia ntawm no yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab. Tsis muaj cov khoom sau zoo li no hauv ib qho ntawm cov vaj tsev muaj sia nyob Lavxias.
Rau qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm chav tsev thiab chav, thawj chav ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv thiab kos duab zoo tau yuav. Feem ntau ntawm cov plafonds uas tau pleev xim rau ntawm canvas tau ua nyob rau hauv Venice los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg nto moo ntawm lub Academy of Arts.
Palace tom qab kiv puag ncig
Tom qab xyoo 1917, Suav Palace tau los ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Txhua tus tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas nws. Kev tshawb fawb raws li kev kho dua tshiab tau ua tau, nrog rau kev khaws cia ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj. Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1925 txog 1933, kev ua haujlwm hnyav tau ua los kho cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj.
Suav Palace Bugle Txee
chav no raug suav hais tias yog qhov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub palace. Lub iav txee tau khaws nws qhov qub kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Nws cov phab ntsa yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov panels priceless. Cov no yog cov canvases uas zoo heev paj ntaub nrog iav hlaws dai.
Cov khoom siv no tau tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas mosaic nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Oranienbaum, uas nws tau tsimTus kws tshawb fawb zoo M. V. Lomonosov. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm iav hlaws, fleecy txhob lo lo ntxhuav (chenille) yog embroidered nrog compositions depicting noog zoo heev tiv thaiv lub backdrop ntawm ib tug picturesque toj roob hauv pes. Tau ntev, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov vaj huam sib luag tau tsim hauv Fabkis. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no muaj pov thawj tias lawv tau ua los ntawm cuaj tus poj niam Lavxias teb sab embroiderers. Cov panels yog framed nrog gilded carvings. Lawv xyaum tej tsob ntoo uas muaj paj, nplooj thiab tej txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Gilded thav duab yog 3 meters 63 centimeters ntev thiab txog ib thiab ib nrab meters dav. Qee lub thav duab tau ua tiav los ntawm zaj figurines. Qhov kev ua si ntawm gilding yog heev nthuav vim qhov tob ntawm nyem, uas ncav cuag 18 centimeters.
Qub Vaj
Nov yog ib daim duab zoo nkauj heev. Nws yog ib feem ntawm Grand Palace complex. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub vaj parterres nrog ntau thiab tsis tshua muaj paj tau nteg tawm. Lawv nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm kab maples, lindens thiab firs. Tsis tas li ntawd, txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau cog ntawm no - cherries, txiv apples, thiab lwm yam. Lub vaj yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ciav thiab cov duab puab.
Upper Park
Lub tiaj ua si no tau muab faib ua ob ntu. Nyob rau hauv nws sab hnub tuaj, muaj lub Petershtadt complex, thiab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem, lub Own Dacha complex. Tam sim no cov tsos ntawm Upper Park tau tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Cov choj uas organically haum rau hauv toj roob hauv pes, nrog rau cov qauv vaj tsev, muab nws qhov tshwj xeeb nyiam.
Thaum twg kuv tuaj yeem tuaj ntsibpalace?
Cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg uas yuav mus xyuas Suav Palace. Sijhawm qhib: los ntawm 10.30 txog 19.00. Hnub Monday, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej so.
