Tswv txiaj ntsig ntawm Don. Sab laug tributary ntawm lub Don

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Don, yog ib tus dej loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe nrog qhov ntev ntawm 1870 km, ntws mus rau Taganrog Bay ntawm Hiav Txwv Azov. Lub hauv paus yog nyob rau sab qaum teb qhov chaw ntawm Central Lavxias teb sab Upland nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Tula, nyob ze Novomoskovsk, thiab hu ua Urvanka kwj. Don (nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm Tanais) nyob rau qib plaub ntawm lub teb chaws no tom qab lub Volga, Danube thiab Dnieper. Rau cov lus piav qhia luv luv, peb tuaj yeem ntxiv tias nws lub hav yog nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 180 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem, thiab ntawm nws lub tsev txhab nyiaj muaj ob lub nroog nrog cov pej xeem ntau dua ib lab tus tib neeg - Voronezh thiab Rostov-on-Don. Tag nrho cov tributaries ntawm Don yog amazingly picturesque.

Russia txhua yam ntsuas tau ntau txhiab

5255 tus dej ntws thiab rivulets - tributaries ntawm Don, uas nws tau txais thoob plaws nws qhov ntev.

Lawv qhov ntev yog 60100 km. Lub phiab loj ntawm tus dej no, sib npaug li 422,000 square kilometers, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain. Don nrog tag nrho nws cov tributaries captures 12 cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, ib feem ntawm Kalmykia, Krasnodar thiab Stavropol Territories. Nws kuj suav nrog peb thaj chawUkraine.

Cov ceg loj tshaj plaws ntawm Don yog nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej cov dej loj heev - Seversky Donets (ntev 1099 km) thiab Khoper (980 km), Sal (798 km) thiab Medveditsa (745 km). Tsis tas li ntawd muaj cov dej luv luv - Pine thiab Zoo Nkauj Mecha, Nepryadva thiab Manych. Zoo li Chernaya Kalitva thiab Bogucharka, Bityug, Ilovlya, Voronezh thiab ntau txhiab tus dej ntws, ntws thiab ntws - tag nrho cov no yog cov tributaries ntawm Don River. Txoj cai tsim nyog tau txais kev txiav txim siab hauv thawj qhov chaw, yog tias tsuas yog vim lawv yog ib tus dej loj ntawm Ukraine - Seversky Donets.

Right tributaries

Tab sis, txhawm rau mus rau nws cov lus piav qhia, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txoj cai sab saud sab saud yog cov hlab ntsha me me uas ntws los ntawm peb cheeb tsam ntawm Voronezh cheeb tsam - tus dej Devitsa, 89 km ntev. Peb tuaj yeem hais txog nws tias tsoomfwv txoj kev hla dhau ib qho ntawm nws cov choj. Nyob rau hauv qhov qis dua, cov av nplaum refractory tau raug mined rau 100 xyoo, uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw ib puag ncig thiab tag nrho cov dej phwj dej ntawm tus dej no, nrog thaj tsam sib npaug li 1520 square meters. km. Loj dua tributaries ntawm tus dej Don, nyob rau sab xis, ua ntej lub confluence ntawm lub Seversky Donets: Zoo nkauj ntaj, Pine, Chir.

Thawj ntawm lawv, Cov Mecha Zoo Nkauj, yog cov hlab ntsha dej ntws los ntawm thaj tsam Tula thiab Lipetsk, 244 km ntev, nrog lub pas dej ntawm 6000 square meters. km. Replenished los ntawm melting daus. Nws ntws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Central Russia Upland. Cov chaw ntawm no zoo nkauj heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm lub zos Vyazovo. Thiab txhua yam uas zoo nkauj feem ntau hu ua Switzerland. Cov av tau txais koob hmoov no kuj raug hu ua Lavxias Switzerland. Kujlawv kuj hu ua Svyatogorye.

Zoo, lowland, Russians…

Tsis zoo nkauj tsawg yog txoj cai ceg ntawm Don - Pine lossis Fast Pine, tus dej ntev 296 km, nrog lub pas dej ntawm 17.4 txhiab square meters. km.

Nws ntws los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Oryol thiab Lipetsk cheeb tsam. Ze rau qhov qis dua ntawm Don yog Chir, nws qhov ntev yog 317 km, thiab lub phiab npog 12.4 txhiab square meters. km. Tus dej ntws los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam Rostov thiab Volgograd thiab ntws mus rau hauv Tsimlyansk reservoir. Nws yog nthuav nyob rau hauv hais tias, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm legendary Igor nrog lub Polovtsy coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nws qis nce mus txog. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov tributaries ntawm lub Don yog tiaj tus me ntsis dej ntws nrog ib tug nruab nrab chav kawm.

Kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov tuam tsev ntug dej hiav txwv coj kev thaj yeeb nrog nws…

Seversky Donets tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, txog qhov uas Herodotus sau, hu nws Sirgis. Qhov no yog tus dej loj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm East European Plain thiab cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Ukraine. Catherine II nres ntawm ntug dej zoo nkauj ntawm qhov kev zoo nkauj no. 3,000 tus dej ntws thiab rivulets nyob hauv Seversky Donets phiab, thiab 1,000 ntws ncaj qha rau hauv nws. Lub hav dej yog dav rau feem ntau. Nyob rau ntawm ntug dej muaj cov pas dej (qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Liman), cov av ntub dej. Cov hlab ntsha dej no muab cov chaw lag luam loj ntawm Donbass nrog dej haus. Qhov zoo nkauj txawv txawv yog Seversky Donets hauv cheeb tsam Svyatogorsk, nyob rau hauv uas Dawb Huv Dormition Lavra nyob. Ntau lub chaw ua si thiab sanatoriums nyob rau ntawm ntug dej. Cov ntug hiav txwv yog npog nrog hav zoov qhov twgRelic hom, piv txwv li, Cretaceous ntoo thuv, uas yog nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj ntawm tag nrho extinction. Qhov kawg ntawm ntau dua lossis tsawg dua txoj cai sab xis yog tus dej Aksai, uas yog cov dej ntws hu ua Tuzlov ntws.

sab laug tributaries

Sab laug sab laug yog Sal River (Rostov Thaj Chaw), uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm Dzhuryuk-Sala thiab Kara-Sala. Nws ntev yog 798 km, lub phiab yog 21.3 txhiab square meters. km.

Thiab qhov chaw sab laug loj tshaj plaws ntawm Don yog tus dej Khoper, uas ntws los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Penza thiab Saratov, Voronezh thiab Volgograd cheeb tsam. Thaj chaw ntawm nws lub phiab yog 61.1 square kilometers. Qhov chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm thaj av Penza, ntawm Volga Upland. Ntws nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob, ze ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Ust-Koperskaya, tus dej ntws mus rau hauv Don. Qhov chaw ntawm tus dej phwj yog sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain, Lavxias teb sab platform. Thiab nws qhov ntev, hais txog qhov kawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab expanses, yog 1.5 npaug ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Switzerland. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov loj tshaj plaws tributary ntawm lub loj tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab dej Don. Khoper yog navigable los ntawm lub nroog ntawm Novokhopyorsk mus rau lub qhov ncauj.

Nruab nrab tam sim no rau Delta

Kev saib xyuas tsim nyog tau txais lwm txoj kev sab laug ntawm Don - Medveditsa River, 745 km ntev. thiab nrog lub pas dej da dej ntawm 34,700 sq. km. Nws qhov chaw nyob hauv cheeb tsam Saratov. Tus dais yog qhov nthuav vim nws cov ntug dej hiav txwv npog nrog hav zoov nrog nplua nuj muaj tsiaj thiab fauna. Cov dej muaj ntau nrog cov ntses - txog thaum kawg ntawm 80s, sterlet tau pom ntau ntawm no. Dej tsis yog navigable, vim nws muaj ntau rifts thiab shoals. Nrogshores yog ntau lub pas dej, eriks thiab wetlands. Muaj kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses zoo heev hauv cov chaw no.

Txoj kev sab laug ntawm tus dej Don - Manych, lossis Western Manych, 219 km ntev thiab nrog thaj tsam ntawm 35.4 txhiab square meters. km. Cov dej ntawm tus dej Kuban nkag mus rau hauv cov kwj dej, thiab tag nrho cov dej loj no yog siv los ua dej hauv av, txij li thaj chaw ntawm Don River phiab yog nplua nuj hauv cov av dub zoo heev. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dej ntws muaj ntau reservoir (qhov loj tshaj plaws Tsimlyansk) thiab fais fab nroj tsuag. Qhov kawg sab laug tes ntawm tus dej Don, uas muab nws cov dej, yog tus dej Koisug, uas ntws tawm ntawm lub pas dej Koisug. Ntxiv mus - lub qhov ncauj, nyob rau hauv uas lub Don River delta nyob, inferior nyob rau hauv loj rau lub Kuban ib. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 538 sq. km muaj 3 lub pas dej, dej nyab thiab cov chaw yug ntses. Muaj kev nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov zoo heev.