Cov txheej txheem:
- cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
- Istanbul Lub Nroog:Ayasofya yog qhov chaw tsim nyog mus xyuas
- Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj
- Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thaum lub sijhawm Byzantine Empire
- History tom qab lub Ottoman conquest
- Architectural nta ntawm mosque
- Sights of the mosque
- Zoo kawg
2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14
Qaib ntxhw yog ib txwm ib txwm yog ib lub tebchaws uas tau mus ncig ntau tshaj plaws los ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Lub koom pheej ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv - raws li lub teb chaws no yog raug hu ua - yog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Europe sab hnub tuaj, thiab ib feem nyob rau hauv Middle East. Sab Hnub Tuaj, raws li koj paub, yog "qhov teeb meem me me", nws ib txwm nyiam, lossis zoo li, hu ua cov neeg taug kev los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov koom pheej Turkish yog Istanbul, lub nroog qub, lub nroog qub ntawm Byzantine, Roman, Ottoman thiab Latin empires.
Istanbul Lub Nroog:Ayasofya yog qhov chaw tsim nyog mus xyuas
Cov neeg ncig tebchaws uas tuaj ntawm no feem ntau xav tsis thoob tias pom dab tsi pom. Hagia Sophia (Hagia Sophia) yog lub tuam tsev thaum ub, qhov nthuav tshaj plaws tuaj xyuas. Lub monument ntawm ancient architecture yog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm chaw ntawm lub nroog, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam hu ua Sultanahmet. Yav dhau los, nws yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Constantinople, tsis deb ntawm lub palace ntawm imperial.
Lub Hagia Sophia Mosque yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam nyiam hauv nroog Istanbul (Turkey). Raws li koj paub, yav dhau los Byzantine faj tim teb chaws, nto moo rau nws theem siab ntawm kab lis kev cai, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws. Hagia Sophia yog txhais los ntawm Greek li "kev txawj ntse dawb huv." Ua ntej nws yog Orthodox patriarchal cathedral, ces lub tsev uakev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj (lub tsev teev ntuj Muslim), thiab tam sim no nws yog ib lub tsev cia puav pheej, cov xwm txheej uas lub tuam tsev tau txais nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntau precisely, nyob rau hauv 1935.
Lub tsev ntawm Hagia Sophia tau suav tias yog lub tuam tsev ntseeg loj tshaj plaws rau ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo, mus txog rau kev tsim kho ntawm St. Peter's Cathedral (Rome, Ltalis). Qhov siab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog 55.6 meters, thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub dome mus txog 31 meters.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj
Lub Hagia Sophia tau tsim nyob rau hauv 324-337 ntawm lub lag luam loj square ntawm Augusteon nyob rau hauv Emperor Constantine Thawj (raws li qee qhov chaw, hauv Emperor Constantius thib ob). Thaum xub thawj, lub tuam tsev yog Arian ("Arianism" yog ib qho ntawm cov dej ntws hauv cov ntseeg Vajtswv, uas lees paub qhov tsim ntawm Vajtswv Leej Tub), ces nws raug xa mus rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv los ntawm Emperor Theodosius thawj. Tab sis lub tsev tsis nyob ntev. Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam nrov hauv 404, lub tsev teev ntuj raug tua los ntawm hluav taws. Ib lub tuam tsev tshiab ua rau nws qhov chaw kuj hlawv (415).
Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Theodosius, lub tsev tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw. Ib tug basilica yog ib hom ntawm lub tsev nrog ib tug khib tus naj npawb ntawm naves (sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov siab). Tab sis lub tsev teev ntuj no kuj raug tua los ntawm hluav taws. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 532, tab sis lub ruins ntawm lub tsev no tsuas pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub cathedral.
Tom qab no, qhov hluav taws thib peb, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Emperor Justinian, lub tsev teev ntuj raug tsa, uas tam sim no hu ua Hagia Sophia.
Cov kws tshaj lij zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj kev paub dhau los hauv lub tuam tsev hom tau raug caw tuaj koom kev tsim kho. Lawv yog AnfimyTrallsky thiab Isidor Mielesky. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, lub tswv yim ntawm architects tau embodied txhua hnub los ntawm ntau tshaj kaum txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm!
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, marble thiab txhua kab los ntawm cov tsev qub (kem los ntawm Tuam Tsev ntawm Lub Hnub, cov kab ntsuab ntsuab ntawm Ephesus) raug coj mus rau lub nroog Constantinople. Tseeb tiag, lub tuam tsev tau dhau los ua lub tuam tsev nplua nuj thiab loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub tsev no tom qab dhau los ua Hagia Sophia tam sim no.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thaum lub sijhawm Byzantine Empire
Lub sijhawm keeb kwm ntawm Byzantine lub nceeg vaj, Hagia Sophia raug kev txom nyem ntau zaus los ntawm av qeeg, yog li ntawd, nws tau ua tiav thiab rov tsim dua. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau txais lub dome siab dua. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov kab hauv qab (cov kab lus tawm los ntawm lawv kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv kev txhawb nqa) tau ua tiav, thiab qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, hloov cov tsos ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.
Raws li cov lus dab neeg, keeb kwm kev faib cov tsev teev ntuj rau hauv Catholic thiab Orthodox txuas nrog Hagia Sophia, txij li thaum nws nyob hauv lub tsev no thaum Lub Xya Hli 1054 Cardinal Humbert tau nthuav tawm Michael Curullarius nrog tsab ntawv cais tawm.
Txog 1204, ib lub thaj neeb ntawm lub tuam tsev yog lub npe hu ua Shroud of Turin, uas, raws li cov lus dab neeg, Yexus Khetos lub cev tau qhwv tom qab raug tsim txom thiab tuag.
History tom qab lub Ottoman conquest
Tom qab keeb kwm kev kov yeej los ntawm Ottoman xyoo 1453, Hagia Sophia yuav tsum hloov kev ntseeg. Nws tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau Islam los ntawm kev tsim plaub minarets nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum thiab tig mus rau hauv ib lub mosque. Raws li koj paub, hauv kev ntseeg Muslim nws yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum thov Vajtswvhu rau lub tuam tsev qub, Mecca. Cov neeg Ottoman yuav tsum tau hloov txhua yam hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, cov frescoes tau smeared nrog plaster (ua tsaug uas lawv ciaj sia nyob rau ntau pua xyoo), thiab cov neeg pe hawm nyob rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis txheeb ze rau lub tsev duab plaub.
Ntxiv mus, kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, Hagia Sophia Cathedral hauv Istanbul tsis tau ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws tau txiav txim siab los kho lub tsev vim muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawg. Tsis ntev tom qab kev kho dua tshiab, xyoo 1935, lub tsev teev ntuj tau hloov mus ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej, tsuas yog ib chav me me rau Muslim pe hawm.
Architectural nta ntawm mosque
Architecturally, lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib daim duab plaub uas ua plaub naves (qhov nruab nrab yog qhov loj dua thiab sab me dua). Nws yog ib tug basilica topped nrog ib tug dome nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig, uas yog ib tug quadrangle. Lub tsev yog ib tug masterpiece ntawm lub dome system ntawm nws lub sij hawm, thiab lub zog ntawm cov phab ntsa yog hais tias yuav tsum tau khaws cia los ntawm ib tug extract ntawm tshauv nplooj ntxiv rau lub mortar. Lub txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm triple arches thiab txhua kab txhawb nqa lub dome los ntawm txhua sab thiab yog li ntxiv dag zog rau nws.
Sights of the mosque
Yog li, lub tsev teev ntuj Hagia Sophia hauv Istanbul yog ib qho ntawm cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws. Xav txog lub ntsiab relics ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tshaj plaws no.
• Tooj-plated "tus ncej quaj" ntseeg tias yuav ua rau cov neeg uas muab tes tso rau hauv lub qhov thiab hnov cov dej noo.
• “Lub Qhov rai txias” yog lwm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm qhov, cua txias los ntawm nws txawm nyob rau hnub kub tshaj plaws thiab qhov hnyav tshaj plaws.
• Ancient frescoes depicting Yexus Khetos thiab Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv,khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov txheej tuab ntawm plaster, yog qhov pom kev zoo.
• Daim duab kos tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov railings nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub tuam tsev. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tau ua ntau pua xyoo dhau los thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev (rau qhov no lawv tau them nrog pob tshab yas). Cov ntawv sau no - Scandinavian runes - tau supposedly scrawled ntawm lub parapet ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm warriors nyob rau hauv nruab nrab hnub nyoog.
• Cov mosaics ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib qho piv txwv nthuav ntawm cov kos duab monumental ntawm Byzantium.
• Daim duab ntawm Emperor Alexander tau ua thaum nws lub neej, qhov kev nyiam tau qhib rau xyoo 1958 thaum lub sijhawm kho dua ntawm mosaic npog.
Lub tsev teev ntuj kuj muaj cov tsev teev ntuj Muslim, uas txhua xyoo nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg mus ncig. Ntawm lawv yog:
• Minbar (qhov chaw uas Imam qhia los ntawm).
• Lub Sultan's Lodge (tsim thaum lub sijhawm kho los ntawm Fossati cov kwv tij).
• Mihrab.
Raws li yog los ntawm Eastern fairy taleas, Turkish Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv muab cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws: Orthodoxy thiab Eastern Islam, ob txoj kev ntseeg sib txawv, tab sis qee txoj kev zoo sib xws. Los ntawm sab nraud, lub tuam tsev zoo li yog ib qho yooj yim heap ntawm architectural forms ntawm txawv eras thiab lub hom phiaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv koj yuav xav tsis thoob los ntawm lub majesty ntawm lub dome thiab nws qhov siab, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Ntawm no yog tib lub tsev uas muaj sia nyob txij li xyoo pua AD mus rau tam sim no yuav luag tsis hloov, tam sim no nws tau tsim nyog los ua ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nkees ntawm kev them nuj nqis kev cai dab qhuas sib txawvpawg ntseeg.
Zoo kawg
Yog tias koj muaj hmoo txaus mus xyuas Istanbul tsawg kawg ob peb hnub, nco ntsoov mus xyuas Hagia Sophia. Qaib ntxhw yuav ci ntsa iab nrog cov xim tshiab rau koj ua tsaug rau lub tuam tsev no.
Pom zoo:
Kev piav qhia ntawm Hagia Sophia hauv Constantinople. Keeb kwm ntawm ib tug masterpiece ntawm Byzantine architecture
Qhov kev tsim vaj tsev zoo nkauj no ntawm ntug dej ntawm Bosphorus nyiam ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg taug kev txhua xyoo los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws. Lawv tau tsav los ntawm kev paub txog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev piav qhia yooj yim ntawm Hagia Sophia hauv Constantinople los ntawm cov phau ntawv keeb kwm tsev kawm ntawv tsis muab ib daim duab tiav ntawm qhov kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub. Koj yuav tsum pom nws nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv koj lub neej
Qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws Hagia Sophia - qhov chaw uas lub plawv ntawm Constantinople ntaus
Lub Hagia Sophia yog ib qho ntawm cov monuments zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb architecture. Lub tsev grandiose impresses nrog nws grandeur, nplai thiab kev zoo nkauj. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb kav ntawm no, tsim los ntawm Vajtswv, cov kws tshaj lij txuj ci tshaj plaws thiab Nws Majesty Keeb Kwm
Lub Hagia Sophia, nyob hauv Constantinople
Lub Hagia Sophia, uas ntau tus hu ua lub ncov ntawm Byzantine architecture, tau ntau pua xyoo teeb tsa cov kev taw qhia rau kev txhim kho ntawm architecture hauv ntau lub xeev ntawm Eastern thiab Western Europe, nrog rau Middle East. Hauv kev ntseeg ntseeg, tej zaum nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib lub tsev loj tshaj plaws
Lub tsev so zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Iziv rau hnub so nrog menyuam yaus "5 hnub qub" nrog lub tiaj ua si hauv dej hauv Sharm el-Sheikh: tshuaj xyuas. Cov tsev so zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Iziv rau cov tsev neeg nrog menyuam yaus hauv Hurghada
Egyptian chaw so txhua xyoo nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Lawv qhov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws yog tias lawv tuaj yeem tuav cov hnub so txhua xyoo puag ncig. Tsis zoo li lwm qhov chaw sov so, tsis muaj caij los nag ntawm no. Cov nag lossis daus yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov qhua tuaj noj mov hauv lub tebchaws
Sultanahmet Mosque hauv Istanbul: piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab qhov tseeb nthuav
Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm Islamic architecture nyob hauv Istanbul. Daim npav lag luam ntawm lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Turkey tau mus xyuas ntau lab tus neeg tuaj ncig txhua xyoo. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau txhiab mosques ntawm no, nws yog qhov no uas nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig ua si. Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm cov tsos ntawm lub ntsiab attraction ntawm lub nroog, nrhiav kom paub nws architectural nta thiab muab tswv yim tseem ceeb rau tourists. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav qhia koj lub npe ntawm Sultanahmet Mosque hauv Istanbul thiab yog vim li cas
