"Borodino Field" - Borodino State Tub Rog Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Borodino teb tsis yog tsuas yog ib feem ntawm thaj chaw xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg txog kev ua tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias uas tiv thaiv lawv Lub Tebchaws tsis yog nyob rau xyoo 19th, tab sis kuj nyob rau xyoo pua 20th. Dab tsi yog nws sawv cev rau ntau xyoo tom qab kev yeej loj ntawm peb cov neeg nyob hauv? Borodino teb, daim duab uas tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem hais txog qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw keeb kwm no, txhua tus neeg Lavxias yuav tsum mus ntsib tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Ntau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas nyiam keeb kwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm peb lub xeev paub Borodino teb zoo heev. Txawm tias muaj coob tus neeg txawv teb chaws paub qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm yav tas los invincible Fabkis pab tub rog ntawm Napoleon thiab Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntshav uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm Patriotic ua tsov ua rog xyoo 1812. Nws tau hloov ntau yam keeb kwm tsis yog rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, tab sis kuj rau Europe.

Borodino teb yog thaj chaw loj, nthuav tawmsab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog Mozhaisk. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib hais nyob deb nroog. Nws muaj lub npe sib xws - Borodino. Qhov kev sib hais haum no belongs rau Mozhaysky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow. Nws tau tsim nyob ze lub zos Borodino. Nws yog qhov chaw no uas tau destined los ua ib tug monument rau lub yeeb koob thiab unbending ntsuj plig ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog.

Tsev khaws puav pheej, thiaj li hu ua - "Borodino field", yog qhov nco txog ob txoj kev ua tsov rog Patriotic. Nws yog lub npe hu nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yog suav hais tias yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej qub tshaj plaws tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub reserve yog 110 square meters. km. Nws muaj ntau dua 200 qhov chaw memorial, obelisks thiab monuments. Ib txhia nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov lus txib ntawm Napoleon thiab M. I. Kutuzov, lub memorial complex, monuments ntawm qhov chaw uas cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab.

Keeb kwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab

Nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm kev sib haum xeeb niaj hnub no thaum Lub Yim Hli 26 (Lub Cuaj Hli 7 raws li tus qauv tshiab), xyoo 1812, kev sib ntaus sib tua loj tau tshwm sim ntawm Fab Kis cov tub rog Napoleon thiab cov tub rog Lavxias. Tab sis tsis yog qhov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino nkaus xwb yog qhov kev txaus siab rau cov neeg nyob hauv zos. Xyoo 1941-1942. ntawm thaj chaw no yog cov kab kev tiv thaiv siab heev ntawm Moscow.

Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Borodino teb muaj ntau yam cim qhia txog qee qhov chaw nco. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Fabkis-Lavxias teb sab tau tshwm sim ntawm ob txoj kev qub Smolensk. Cov chaw tub rog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob hauv thaj chaw no:

• Bagration's (Semenov's) flushes;

• Shevardinsky redoubt;

• Roj teebRayevsky.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, 120,000 tus tub rog Lavxias thiab 135,000 Frenchmen tau koom nrog hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Borodino. Cov Russians muaj 624 phom, thaum lawv cov neeg tawm tsam muaj 587. Kev sib ntaus sib tua pib nrog kev ntes los ntawm Fabkis ntawm lub zos Borodino, qhov chaw uas cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua ntej lawv. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua pib thaum 5 teev sawv ntxov, nyob rau sab laug ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, nyob ze Semenovsky kwj dej, Bagrationov flushes nyob. Ntau teev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau tshwm sim ntawm no. Flushes tau hloov tes ntau zaus. Hauv av tau npog tag nrho nrog cov neeg tuag ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov nees. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Western Army, P. I. Bagration, raug mob tuag taus. Tom qab ntawd Fab Kis thiaj ntes tau tus dej ntws.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Raevsky lub roj teeb, uas nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov haujlwm Lavxias, yog qhov hnyav heev. Thaum lub sij hawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntshav, uas ntau txhiab tus tub rog tuag ntawm ob sab, cov tub rog Lavxias tau qhia lawv qhov kev xav tsis thoob los yeej. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov Fabkis muaj peev xwm ntes tau lub fortifications ntawm Russians nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab nyob rau sab laug flank, Napoleon f altered los ntawm xws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab mus tua kom tuag thiab retreated rau nws thawj txoj hauj lwm.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino suav tias yog ntshav siab tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ib hnub. Nws tua 45,000 tus neeg Lavxias thiab txog 40,000 Fabkis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm ob sab muaj kev poob tsis yog ntawm cov tub rog, tab sis kuj yog cov tub ceev xwm. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, 23 Lavxias thiab 49 tus thawj coj Fabkis raug tua, uas ua rau Napoleon cov tub rog tsis muaj zog yav dhau los.

MeaningSib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino yog ib qho ntawm cov ntshav siab tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Nws tau piav qhia nrog qhov tseeb hauv L. Tolstoy tus tshiab Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog lub davhlau ntawm Napoleon. Nws tsis tsuas yog tso tseg ntes Moscow, tab sis kuj poob nws pab tub rog ntau txhiab thiab Fabkis.

Foundation of the museum

Xyoo 1837, Lavxias Emperor Nicholas kuv tau txais ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv lub zos Borodino los ntawm nws tus tub Alexander. Ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cia lub cim xeeb ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias yog qhov qhib thaum Lub Yim Hli 26, 1839 ntawm lub monument rau cov tub rog Lavxias, uas nyob rau ntawm Raevsky roj teeb, thiab rov faus cov tshauv ntawm Bagration P. I. Tom qab ntawd, ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. mob siab rau rau ib qho ntawm cov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman no. Kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm thaj teb tuaj yeem ua los ntawm lub siab siab, uas nyob sab nraum lub zos Gorki. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj ib tug soj ntsuam ncej ntawm M. I. Kutuzov. Raws li cov lus dab neeg qub, thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tus dav dawb hau tau ya hla tus thawj coj ntawm tus thawj coj, kwv yees kev yeej rau Russians. Nws yog tus noog no uas tau tsa rau ntawm obelisk nyob rau ntawm lub toj ntxas no.

Nyob rau xyoo 1912, nyob rau lub sijhawm 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, 33 lub monuments rau ntau pawg, cov tub rog, corps, tuam txhab thiab roj teeb tau tsim tsa ntawm qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog nyob rau ntawm mounds ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv, ntawm ntug dej ntawm cov kwj deg thiab ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm ravines. Feem ntau ntawm cov monuments tau tsim nrog kev pub dawb los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog uas ua haujlwm hauv cov tub rog uas tau txais cov npe ntawm cov koom haum uas tawm tsam ntawm Borodino.

Monuments ntawm Borodino

Cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm thaj chaw Borodino muaj lub sijhawm los pom ntau dua 50 qhov chaw zoo nkauj ib zaug, ob qho tib si rau cov thawj coj ua tub rog thiab cov tub rog Lavxias. Tag nrho cov no ua rau peb txaus siab rau peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, txhawb kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb rau txhua tus neeg. Lub ntsiab monuments ntawm Borodino teb:

• Obelisk rau Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov, tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Vorontsov-Velyaminov.

• Bagration flushes.

• Rau cov tub rog Fabkis poob.

• Raevsky's roj teeb.

• Rau cov tub rog Lavxias.

• Utitsky Mound (Mount Sady).

• 7th Infantry Division.

• Nezhin Dragoon Regiment.

• Teb Nees Artillery.

• 2nd Cuirassier Division.

• Volyn tub rog.

• Lub ntxa ntawm General Bagration.

• Lithuanian regiment.

• Shevardinsky redoubt.

• 3rd Infantry Division General Konovnitsyn P. P.

• "Roubeau Height".

• 24th Infantry Division.

• Moscow thiab Smolensk tub rog.

• Rau cov tub rog Finnish.

• 3 Cavalry Corps thiab 1 Nees Roj Teeb.

• 12th Infantry Division.

• 2nd Cavalry Battery of the Artillery Brigade Captain Raal F. F.

Ntawm txoj kev loj uas txuas lub zos Borodino nrog lub tsev cia puav pheej, muaj lub tank T-34 rau ntawm lub pedestal. Lub monument no tau mob siab rau cov tub rog ntawm 5th Army uas tiv thaiv Moscow hauv xyoo 1941. Lub bunker ntawm Mozhaisk fortified cheeb tsam, ua nyob rau hauv 1941, yog cim nrog ib tug cim nco txog.

graves

Dhau li ntawm monuments thiabobelisks, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub reserves muaj ob peb loj graves nyob rau hauv uas Lavxias teb sab thiab Fabkis cov tub rog uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino faus. Nyob ze ntawm lub monument rau Bakhmetev lub faib yog qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub ceev xwm uas muab lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-reserve muaj ib lub ntxa loj ntawm cov tub rog uas tuag hauv hav zoov Utitsky. Lub cim nco txog tau tsim tsa rau ntawm nws xyoo 1962. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub flashes ntawm Bagration nyob, qhov seem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ob pab tub rog tau pom. Tom qab lub reburial solemn, lub qhov ntxa ntawm lub Unknown tub rog twb qhib. Nyob rau hauv 1912, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas Napoleon lub command post nyob, lub tsuas monument rau cov tuag Frenchmen twb tsa. Nws dais cov ntawv sau: "Rau cov neeg tuag ntawm cov tub rog loj."

Tseem nyob rau thaj tsam muaj cov faus neeg ntawm cov tub rog Soviet xyoo 1941-1942, uas nyob ze rau ntawm lwm cov cim nco txog tau teeb tsa rau kev hwm ntawm cov phab ej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog ntawm 1812. Piv txwv li, ze ntawm Borodino chaw nres tsheb muaj yog ib qhov ntxa loj ntawm cov tub rog Soviet 5 Army.

Military History Museum

Borodino teb, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas yog Tub Rog Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej, nyiam ntau pua tus neeg tuaj ncig txhua hnub. Lub tsev tseem ceeb tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1912, tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv ntiaj teb uas muaj npe nrov uas ua rau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm xyoo 1812. Nws muaj kev nthuav qhia nplua nuj uas qhia cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov tub rog uas muaj koob meej li cas Kev Sib Tw ntawm Borodino tau tshwm sim.

Architectural thiab memorial complex

Ntawm qhov chaw uas ib qho ntawm Bagration's flushes siv los ua,Niaj hnub no, ib tug zoo nkauj architectural thiab memorial complex nce. Xws li:

• Spaso-Borodino Monastery, uas tau tsim xyoo 1830-1870

• Spasskaya Church.

• Lub Kolotsk Monastery, qhov chaw hauv paus tsev hauv paus ntawm Mikhail Kutuzov nyob.

• Lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv, txij thaum xyoo pua 17th.

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Spaso-Borodino tau tsim los ntawm Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova ntawm qhov chaw uas nws tus txiv, General A. A. Tuchkov, tuag. Xyoo 1994, ib qho kev nthuav qhia me me tau tsim hauv nws lub tsev, nyob hauv 3 chav. Nws qhia txog lub neej ntawm ob niam txiv zoo nkauj no thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj. Chav tsev loj muaj lub cim nco txog General Tuchkov.

Lub neej niaj hnub ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-reserve

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, lub tsev khaws puav pheej-reserve nthuav tawm nws cov neeg tuaj saib nrog qhov nthuav tawm tshiab hu ua "Borodino - Kev Sib Tw ntawm Giants". Nws nyob hauv ib lub tsev tsim nyob ze ntawm Raevsky roj teeb. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev nthuav tawm yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tseeb uas muaj feem xyuam nrog Kev Sib Tw ntawm Borodino. Nws suav nrog: banners thiab cov qauv; riam phom; khaub ncaws ntawm warriors ntawm ob pab tub rog; khoom plig; cov ntaub ntawv; daim npav; cov khoom ntiag tug. Nrhiav tau los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kuj tau nthuav tawm ntawm no. Ntawm lawv muaj cov tawg tawg tawg, cores, mos txwv. Qhov kev nthuav qhia suav nrog ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj tsim los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog thiab niaj hnub ntawm cov xwm txheej qub. Kuj tseem muaj cov duab kos duab los ntawm cov kws kos duab ntawm 19th-20th centuries.

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Borodino teb muaj kev sib hais haum "Doronino", uas yog kev sib tham sibtsev khaws puav pheej ntawm tub rog thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Nws lub ntsiab feature yog tias txhua lub tsev, khoom, khoom thiab cov ntsiab lus sab hauv yog tiag tiag.

Lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm

Ib qho nrov tshaj plaws nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej yog "Military Gallery". Nws nyob hauv lub refectory ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Spaso-Borodino Monastery. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino teb yog qhov loj heev, yog li qhov kev nthuav qhia nthuav tawm ntau dua 70 daim duab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog, uas suav nrog ntau tus thawj coj nto moo thiab tsis tshua paub. Ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm cov thawj coj no tau raug mob los yog plhaub-shocked hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino teb yog qhov tseeb tiag tiag tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov kev teeb tsa thiab sawv.

Orthodox festival thiab reenactment of battles

Borodino teb txij li xyoo 2005 tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau International Youth Festival "Cov kwv tij". Ntau lub koom haum patriotic koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho dua tshiab uas tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Patriotic Wars ntawm 1812 thiab 1941. Txhua xyoo muaj ntau lub koom haum sib txawv koom nrog lawv. Xws li kev nyiam ua rau cov neeg niaj hnub tuaj yeem saib cov xwm txheej keeb kwm ntawm lawv lub tebchaws los ntawm qhov muag ntawm cov neeg uas koom nrog lawv. Xws li kev sib raug zoo nrog yav dhau los tso cai rau koj kom paub txog koj keeb kwm thiab kev txuas mus ntxiv ntawm ntau tiam neeg. Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov koom haum tub rog keeb kwm koom nrog hauv ntau qhov kev kawm, hauv kev ua yeeb yam, thiab ua cov ntawv sau cia.

Yuav ua li cas museum

Ntau tus xav mus xyuas Borodinoteb. Yuav ua li cas mus rau nws los ntawm Moscow? Kev mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej-reserve tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Koj tuaj yeem mus ntawm no:

• Los ntawm tsheb, mus txog 102 km ntawm txoj kev loj Minsk. Tom qab ntawd tig sab xis, nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Mozhaisk. Los ntawm nws, ua raws li kos npe rau lub zos Borodino, koj yuav tsum tau tsav tsheb tsuas yog 12 km.

• Los ntawm tsheb npav ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam No. 457 "Moscow-Mozhaysk". Koj tuaj yeem nqa nws ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ze ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb metro "Park Pobedy". Tom ntej no, mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb Borodino.

• Los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau koj tuaj yeem tau los ntawm Belorussky railway chaw nres tsheb mus rau Borodino chaw nres tsheb, thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum taug kev li 3 km mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej. Lub sij hawm mus ncig yog kwv yees li 3 teev.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej-reserve lees txais ob pawg neeg mus ncig ua si thiab cov neeg ncig tebchaws qub. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej yuav pab koj xaiv txoj hauv kev los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Borodino thaj chaw thiab cov vaj tse thiab kev nco txog. Lawv yuav qhia txog txhua lub sijhawm ntawm ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Peb Lub Tebchaws.

Nyob hauv lub zos Borodino muaj café "Mozhayskoye rancho", qhov twg cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem so thiab noj.