Zooological Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow State University. Zoological Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow State University ntawm Bolshaya Nikitskaya: excursions, nqi, xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Nyob ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb muaj lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Zoological, uas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws ob qho tib si ntawm thaj chaw nyob thiab hais txog nyiaj txiag. Qhov thib ob yog khov kho los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo sib xws ntawm Moscow State University. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Zoological ntawm Bolshaya Nikitskaya yog ib qho ntawm kaum lub tsev loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Ntau tus neeg nyiam ntawm Russia

Keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation yog raws li nram no. Xyoo 1802, lub xeev tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv thov nyiaj pub dawb rau kev kawm. Ntawm cov thawj los teb yog tus kawm naturalist thiab philanthropist Pavel G. Demidov (1739-1821), ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tug nto moo dynasty. Nws txoj haujlwm ascetic yog qhov dav heev - hauv 1803, ntawm nws tus kheej tus nqi, nws qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, uas tau ris nws lub npe mus txog rau xyoo 1919. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws pub nyiaj ntau ntawm 100,000 rubles, lub tsev qiv ntawv dav dav thiabcov kev tshawb fawb ntuj sau nws sau thaum nws mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb mus rau yav tom ntej Moscow State University. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoological yuav tuaj ua tsaug rau cov nyiaj pub dawb no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1805, P. G. Demidov pauv mus rau Moscow University lub Mintz txee, uas muaj cov richest collections (ntau txhiab) medals thiab npib. Cov khoom muaj nqis no tom qab tsim cov nyiaj tseem ceeb ntawm "Natural History Cabinet" tsim ua ntej, xyoo 1791.

Txoj hauv kev tshaj lij

Xyoo 1755, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, Imperial Moscow University - Moscow State University tau tsim. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Zoological yog 36 xyoo yau, uas tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev suav tias yog ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb qub tshaj plaws. Nws muaj 215 xyoo.

Tom qab cov nyiaj ntawm "Cabinet of Natural History" tau rov ua kom zoo dua los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam P. G. Demidov, nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm rau lawv. Lub luag haujlwm kev lag luam no tau tso siab rau qhov tsim tau zoo (sau cov khoom muag ntawm lub chaw haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv Paris) Lavxias teb sab naturalist G. I. Fischer (tag nrho lub npe - Grigory Ivanovich (Johann Gottgelf, Gotthelf) Fischer von Waldheim, xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1771-1853). Cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov neeg ua raws ntawm J. Cuvier, tus sau phau ntawv "Nyob rau hauv Kev Ua Phem Ntawm Tsiaj", G. I. Fischer tsis lees txais qhov kev thov ntawm Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, uas tau caw nws los ua kom nws "natural history txee", thiab tseem nyob hauv. Moscow, yav tom ntej Moscow State University. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Zoological tau tsim los ntawm nws txoj kev siv zog.

Ascetic activity

In 1806-1807nws tau ua thawj cov khoom muag ntawm txhua qhov kev sau, suav nrog nyiaj npib thiab khoom plig. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv 1812 Moscow hlawv. Ntau lub tsev raug puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub no, cov khoom tsis muaj nqi ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej Zoological yav tom ntej yuav luag tag nrho. Thiab tus Patriot ntawm Russia Grigory Ivanovich Fisher, uas tswj kom txuag tau ib feem ntawm lub conchological (plhaub thiab mollusks) sau thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws, pib rov qab "chaw ua hauj lwm", hloov nws tus kheej collections, collections thiab lub tsev qiv ntawv rau nws. Tom qab ntawd, siv nws tus kheej txoj cai thiab lub koob meej nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb lub voj voog, nws tig mus rau cov kws tshawb fawb ntuj thiab cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug nrog kev thov kom pab kho lub tsev khaws puav pheej ploj, qhov kev txhawb siab uas twb tau tham hauv 1814. Cov khoom muag thib ob, ua los ntawm G. I. Fisher, tau ua tiav xyoo 1822, thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv tau luam tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nyiaj, kev sau cov tsiaj txhu tau faib, thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshiab hauv tsev kawm tau tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Los ntawm 1830, ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua tsis zoo ntawm GI Fischer, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ncav cuag 25 txhiab khoom.

Yam yuav tsum tau kho dua

Txoj kev txhim kho tom ntej no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1860. Tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau muab faib ua kev kawm, kev tshawb fawb thiab nthuav tawm. Rau cov qhua, yav tom ntej Zoological Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow State University. Lomonosov qhib nyob rau hauv 1866. Ntawm chav kawm, thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, nws tau tsim dynamically, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua, cov chaw faib rau nws los ua cramped. Thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1989-1902, ib tug tshiab tshwj xeeb tsev peb-zaj dabneeg tau tsim rau lub tsev cia puav pheej raws li qhov project. Academician, hereditary architect K. M. Bykovsky, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd - tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm Moscow University. Nws ua tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm Maiden's Field. Ntawm Bolshaya Nikitskaya, ntxiv rau lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Zoological Tsev khaws puav pheej, K. M. Bykovsky txhim tsa lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab cov tsev ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm.

Lub tsev zoo nkauj classical nyob hauv plawv nroog. Cov chaw nres tsheb ze tshaj plaws yog “Biblioteka im. Lenin" thiab "Okhotny Ryad". Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau tsiv mus rau nws los ntawm lub tsev qub ntawm Mokhovaya. Tom qab kev txav mus los, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsuas yog pej xeem hauv xyoo 1911.

Soviet kev hloov kho

Xyoo 1930, Zoological Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Moscow State University hauv Moscow tau muab rau Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Biology. Ib qho kev hloov pauv loj tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1990. Tom qab tag nrho cov teeb meem, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau txais ib qho kev ywj pheej. Txog rau tam sim no, nws cov peev nyiaj tshawb fawb txog ntau lab units.

Nws tau mus xyuas txog li 150,000 tus neeg hauv ib xyoos, tus naj npawb ntawm kev mus ncig tib lub sijhawm nce mus txog 1700. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab nthuav dav ntawm txhua hom kev sau tshawb fawb tau dav. Peb chav saib zoo tau muab rau cov neeg tuaj saib - ob qho ntawm thawj pem teb, ib qho (Bone Hall) - ntawm qhov thib ob. Tag nrho cov khoom sau tau npaj raws li hom sib thooj, los ntawm protozoa mus rau vertebrates.

Kev tshawb fawb loj heev

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej tshawb fawb Zoological ntawm Moscow State University tab tom ua haujlwm hnyav -kev tshawb fawb thiab systematizes kev paub txog tsiaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau, txog niaj hnub sawv daws. Yog li ntawd, tawm ntawm 10 lab cov khoom pov thawj, tsuas yog 8 tau nthuav tawm, ntawm cov uas muaj cov neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb fauna, piv txwv li, cov kab loj tshaj plaws thiab hnyav tshaj plaws goliath kab thiab ntau pua ntawm cov qauv ib-ntawm-ib-zoo. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias Muscovites pib mus saib lub tsev khaws puav pheej no thaum tseem hluas - lawv tuaj ntawm no nrog lawv cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos thiab txaus siab rau kev ncig xyuas. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Zoological ntawm Moscow State University, cov kev tshuaj xyuas uas feem ntau yog qhov zoo, yog qhov zoo heev, ua raws li lub sijhawm, muab tag nrho cov "chips" uas tuaj yeem nyiam thiab txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj xyuas ntau li ntau tau. Thiab cov neeg txawv tshaj plaw ua haujlwm ntawm no ua tus coj. Tab sis ib txwm thaum mus xyuas ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv ntiaj teb no muaj cov neeg xav tias cov neeg qhia hais lus ntsiag to thiab cov khoom pov thawj tau npog nrog hmoov av. Daim duab qhia tias qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem.

Daim pib nqi, tshuaj xyuas, nthuav tseeb

Koj tuaj yeem ntseeg ntawm cov yeeb yuj thiab qib siab ntawm cov khoom sau los ntawm kev mus saib hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Tus nqi pib tsuas yog 100 rubles rau ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg mus ncig ua si tsawg kawg yog 20 tus neeg. Rau ib tug neeg laus nrog kev pab cuam excursion - 250 rubles, tsis muaj kev mus ncig ua si - 200. Nws muaj ib tug saj zawg zog system ntawm cov kev pab cuam, dawb hnub rau tshwj xeeb pab pawg neeg pej xeem thiab ib hmo dawb ib xyoos.

Periodical exhibitions yog qhov nthuav heev. Qee cov qhua yuav daim pib ua ntej nrog them ua ntej. Nws tseem yuav ntxiv ob peb qhov tseeb nthuav - rau qee lub sijhawm hauv chav tsev ntawm xibfwb A. N. Severtsev, nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej, uas yog tus tsim ntawm evolutionary morphology ntawm cov tsiaj, nyob rau hauv Marina Tsvetaeva. Thiab nws tus kheej tau ua tus qauv rau tus phab ej ntawm "Fatal Eggs" los ntawm M. A. Bulgakov.