Dazzling dawb chalk roob tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem tab sis nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Raws li txoj cai, lub outcrops ntawm cov daus-dawb pob zeb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog tshaj tawm hais tias reserves los yog ntuj monuments. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov roob chalk nyob qhov twg hauv Russia? Vim li cas lawv thiaj nthuav?
Chalk roob: yees duab thiab piav qhia ntawm ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb
Chalk yog ib hom pob zeb sedimentary, mos, dawb thiab crumbly. Nws yog insoluble hauv dej thiab yog cov organic keeb kwm. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov tsiaj me tshaj plaws - cov neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv tob. Peb txhua tus yeej paub cov chalk txij li hnub kawm ntawv.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom no hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb tau pib kwv yees li 145-150 lab xyoo dhau los. Thiab nws kav yuav luag 90 lab xyoo. Hauv geochronology, lub sijhawm no feem ntau hu ua Cretaceous lub sijhawm.
Cov roob chalk yog cov cim geological tsim nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas Tethys splashed lab xyoo dhau los - ib tug sov so thiab ntiav dej hiav txwv. Cretaceous outcrops feem ntau muaj quartzite impurities, uas yog vim li cas lawvci zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Vim lawv cov qauv xoob, chalk pob zeb thiab pob tsuas feem ntau nyiam cov neeg saib xyuas thiab txhua yam ntawm hermits. Ntawm no lawv ua lawv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tag nrho cov monastic complexes.
Chalky roob: piv txwv hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Russia
Millions xyoo dhau los, qhov dav dav ntawm Tebchaws Europe tau nyob hauv dej. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tawg ntawm vaub kib, fragments ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab ntses skeletons accumulated nyob rau hauv qab. Tag nrho cov no tau maj mam compressed thiab tig mus rau hauv ib tug tshiab yug - chalk. Hauv qee qhov chaw, lub thickness ntawm cov deposits mus txog 50 meters.
Sij hawm dhau mus, dej hiav txwv pib thim rov qab, thiab dej hiav txwv hloov mus rau hauv av qhuav, nthuav tawm cov av nplaum loj heev. Qhov no yog li cas cov roob chalk tau tsim nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw - ntsiag to tim khawv ntawm geological keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lawv tau tawg nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm Tebchaws Europe: hauv tebchaws Askiv, Fabkis, Denmark, Russia thiab Ukraine.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm chalk roob hauv Tebchaws Europe yog qhov hu ua Dawb Cliffs ntawm Dover. Qhov no yog ib tug grandiose 100-meter pob tsuas nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv British (Kent). Hiav txwv nthwv dej maj mam undermine nws, tsim loj screes ntawm ko taw ntawm pob tsuas. Lub Needles Islands nyob rau hauv Askiv Channel yog lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm kev tsim cov chalk. Cov no yog ob lub pob zeb zoo nkauj nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Isle of Wight.
Cov pob zeb dawb dawb kuj pom muaj nyob hauv Russia (hauv Voronezh, Rostov, Belgorod, Orenburg cheeb tsam). Yog li, txoj siv loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov roob chalk khiav raws Don River thiab nws cov dej num, Seversky Donets. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Volgograd cheeb tsam ntawm Russia thiabxaus rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Ukrainian Donbass.
Divnogorie - zoo kawg nkaus roob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Don
Qhov twg tus dej me me Silent Pine ntws mus rau hauv Don, muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej "Divnogorie". Ntawm no, cov pob zeb thiab cov ncej chalk tau tawg mus rau thaj tsam ntawm 10 square kilometers. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw Voronezh, uas tau mus xyuas txhua xyoo los ntawm tsawg kawg yog 50 txhiab tus neeg ncig tebchaws.
Cov roob chalk hauv cheeb tsam Voronezh tau nicknamed "divas" los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos. Yog li ntawd lub npe ntawm lub reserve. Cov paj ntawm thaj chaw no yog qhov nthuav heev. Botanists tau suav txog 250 hom nroj tsuag ntawm no, yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov calcephytes (hauv cov lus yooj yim, "cov neeg nyiam nyiam").
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, Greek cov txiv plig tau tsim lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv Cretaceous pob zeb lawv tsim lub qhov tsua-hlwb rau lawv tus kheej. Xyoo 1862, ib lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug muab dai rau hauv ib lub pob zeb hauv zos. Niaj hnub no, lub tuam tsev txawv txawv no suav nrog ntau txoj kev mus ncig.
roob chalk ntawm tus dej Ilovla
cheeb tsam Volgograd kuj khav ntawm nws cov roob chalk. Lawv nyob ntawm sab xis ntawm tus dej Ilovlya, nruab nrab ntawm cov zos ntawm Kamenny Brod thiab Kondrashi. Qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb no hauv qee qhov chaw zoo li cov suab puam qus thiab daus-dawb. Qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm chalk roob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Ilovlya yog qhov siab heev. Tab sis nyob rau qee qhov chaw koj tseem tuaj yeem mus rau sab saud txawm tias yog tsheb.
Nyob rau hauv cov roob no yog Kamenno-Brodsky Dawb Huv Trinity Orthodox Monastery, uas yognrhiav tau thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Tatar-Mongol ntxeem tau. Cov hauj sam khawb qhov tsua nyob rau hauv lub chalk pob zeb, txuas lawv nrog passages. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj muaj cov kwj deg uas muaj dej zoo, nrog rau ob peb tsob ntoo loj txog li 400 xyoo.
Zoo nkauj pob zeb ntawm Lysogorka
Lwm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb Cretaceous ntawm qhov muaj nyob hauv thaj av Rostov, ze ntawm lub zos Lysogorka. Muaj tseeb tiag, thaj chaw no tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm ib lub monument tsis ntev los no, tsuas yog xyoo 2006.
Cov roob chalk ntawm thaj av Rostov zoo siab rau kev xav ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws nrog lawv cov tsos. Ntawm cov pob zeb daus-dawb ntawm Lysogorka koj tuaj yeem pom cov silhouettes ntawm cov tub rog uas tsaus muag, thiab cov kab ntawm cov tsiaj, thiab tib neeg lub ntsej muag … Cov pob zeb chalk nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub pas dej loj heev. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ntawm no: huab cua muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm thyme, thiab koj tuaj yeem mus nuv ntses ze dej.
Chalk adits ntawm Belgorod
Txoj kab ntawm lub sijhawm Cretaceous kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv cheeb tsam Belgorod. Hauv particular, Belgorod tau ntev tau nto moo rau kev rho tawm ntawm cov xim dawb dawb. Nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub nroog muaj ib tug qub adited adit, lub tunnels uas stretch rau ntau kilometers hauv av. Niaj hnub no nws tau dhau los ua ib yam khoom nrov ntawm cov neeg khawb thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi.
Nyob hauv txoj kev hauv Belgorod adit koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam khoom qub. Piv txwv li, qhov seem ntawm qhov qub nqaim-gauge railway, nrog rau cov chalk tau coj mus rau saum npoo. Ntawm phab ntsa koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab kos thiab cov qauv tsis paub - cov kab ntawm cov khoom siv drilling. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev muaj ib lub tsheb tiag tiag VAZ-2101. Nws tuaj ntawm no li cas?tsis paub. Tom ntej no mus rau kev txaus siab ntawm kev lag luam tsheb hauv tsev yog ib qho loj ntawm rusty hlau. Nws yog tag nrho nrog cov ntawv sau tseg los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib rau adit.
