Petersburg yog lub nroog uas xav tsis thoob tsuas yog nrog nws qhov chaw pom thiab xis nyob, tab sis kuj nrog cov dab neeg dab neeg thiab cov npe. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm pej xeem toponymy, uas yog, cov npe tsis raug cai, tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lub npe "Kat'kin vaj". Qhov chaw no nyob rau sab qaum teb lub peev yog dab tsi? Peb yuav sim teb lo lus nug no.
Principles of toponymy of St. Petersburg los yog nws tsim li cas?
Muaj txog 18 lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raws li cov npe keeb kwm ntawm cov chaw hauv St. Petersburg tau tshwm sim. Cov laus tshaj plaws yog: "Kuv pom-Kuv lub npe", cuam tshuam nrog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Finno-Ugric pab pawg nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob, toj roob hauv pes lossis ntuj tsim, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov npe nrog kev kos npe ntawm Stolbovsky Treaty hauv 1617 Finno-Ugric toponyms nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Swedish zam. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub nroog tshiab tsim los ntawm Peter lub Great, lub npe tshiab tau tshwm sim ntawm ntug dej ntawm Neva - cov npe ntawm txoj kev thiab squares. Qhov pib tau tso los ntawm Elizaveta Petrovna. Tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab cai tau siv: suburban, los ntawm nroog thiab lub tebchaws, los ntawm qhov tseem ceebkhoom. Cov yav tas tau siv feem ntau mus txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.
Vim nyob rau hauv lub yeej los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Lub tsev ua yeeb yam Alexandrinsky tau suav hais tias yog kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev npaj ua pawg ntawm Ostrovsky Square tam sim no, yog li thawj lub npe ntawm lub square suab zoo li Alexandrinsky. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev tsim vaj tsev pej xeem nyob ib ncig ntawm lub monument ntsia ntawm lub square, cov neeg, pom tau hais tias, xaiv ib tug txawv dominant rau lawv tus kheej - lub monument rau Catherine II. Yog li ntawd lub npe "Katkin lub vaj" tshwm nyob rau hauv cov neeg.
History of the place
Thaj chaw tam sim no nyob ntawm Ostrovsky Square thiab Katkin Garden hauv St. Petersburg tau siv los ua cov khoom ntawm Elizabeth Petrovna nyiam Alexei Grigoryevich Razumovsky. Ntawm no yog lub vaj ntawm Anichkov Palace vaj tse, lub pas dej ntawm thaj av uas ncav cuag tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm ntu ntawm Nevsky Prospekt mus txog Sadovaya Street. Tsev cog khoom thiab chaw zov me nyuam tau nyob raws ciam teb nrog Sadovaya, thiab lub vaj pavilions nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Ekaterininsky Square tam sim no.
Nyob rau hauv Alexander kuv, lub vaj raug tshem tawm, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw lawv pib decorate lub square. Hloov chaw ntawm Casassi theatre, tau tsim lub pob zeb ua yeeb yam. Raws li txoj kev npaj ntawm Tom de Thomon thiab Luigi Rusca, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev npaj ntawm thaj chaw, lub xwmfab yuav tsum tau fenced tawm ntawm Nevsky Prospekt nrog lub laj kab nrog lub ntsiab nkag hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub rooj vag monumental. Tom qab Alexander kuv muab Anichkov Palace rau Nicholas kuv, Maudui txuas ntxiv ua qhov kev npaj. Tab sis nws qhov project tsis haum Nikolai Pavlovich.
Txoj haujlwm txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov project los ntawm C. I. Rossi. Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub laj kab los ntawm sab ntawm Anichkov Palace tau ua tiav. Lavxias teb sab vaj pavilions tau tsa nyob rau tib sab- thawj monuments ntawm Patriotic War ntawm 1812.
Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev npaj ua ke
Lub koom txoos ntawm Ostrovsky Square nrog "Katkin Garden" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog suav nrog los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam tsev tsim thiab kev npaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog - Nevsky Prospekt, uas nws qhib nrog rau sab pem hauv ntej. Lub architectural thiab thematic dominant tam sim ntawd attracts xim - Drama Theatre. Pushkin, ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 zoo dua lub npe hu ua Aleksandrinka. Nws tau tsim raws li qhov project ntawm Italian kws kes duab vajtse Karl Ivanovich Rossi nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li ob lub tsev ntawm Lavxias teb sab National Library nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub square cheeb tsam. Qhov thib peb, lub ntsiab, nrog lub kaum sab xis thiab lub ntsej muag thib ob saib txoj kev Sadovaya, tau tsim los ntawm Sokolov. Cov kab ib puag ncig txuas ntxiv los ntawm ob lub tsev tau txais txiaj ntsig, ib qho, ua hauv neo-Lavxias style, yog lub tsev nto moo Basin los ntawm N. N. Nikonov.
Los ntawm sab nraub qaum, nws tau taw qhia mus rau lwm qhov zoo kawg nkaus - Architect Rossi Street thiab raug kaw ntawm ob sab los ntawm qhov kawg facades ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab tsev qiv ntawv, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev ntawm Vaganova Academy ntawm Ballet Kos duab, thiab lub tsev qub ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Imperial theatre los ntawm Rossi.
tseem ceeb
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Ostrovsky Square thiab "Katkin Garden" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ib tug monument rau Catherine II tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1873 raws li qhov project ntawm Opekushin, Chizhov, Mikeshin thiab lwm yam. daim ntawv - ib tug me nyuam lub pyramid, sab saum toj ntawm uas yog ib tug sculptural duabEnlightened Empress nyob rau hauv tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob - Catherine tus tsim cai lij choj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Minerva. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog nco txog lub npe nrov ntawm D. Levitsky.
Qhov qis ntawm lub monument yog lub pedestal nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tswb tso rau hauv av, nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm sculptural dluab ntawm Catherine lub Great cov koom haum, uas glorified Russia thiab ua ntau yam rau nws thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm. Empress, yog teem nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog: M. V. Lomonosov, P. A Rumyantsev, A. V. Suvorov, G. G. Potemkin, E. R. Vorontsova-Dashkova, I. I. Betskoy thiab lwm tus.
Katkin kindergarten
Hauv daim duab hauv St. Petersburg nws sawv tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm pob zeb masterpieces ntawm architecture. Tom qab ntawd hu ua "Katkin", lub square nyob ib ncig ntawm lub monument tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1820 txog 1832. Tus sau ntawm lub tswv yim yog tus tsim ntawm lub architectural pawg, K. I. Rossi. Nws tau txais kev pab los ntawm tus tswv ntawm kev tsim vaj, Yakov Fedorov, thiab lub square tau replan nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua los ntawm D. Grim thiab E. Regel. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho kho dua tshiab yog hloov kho thaj chaw rau cov neeg taug kev hauv nroog.
Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm Alexander kuv, nws tau txiav txim siab ntxiv cov qauv tsim ntawm lub vaj nrog 29 tus mlom ntawm cov pej xeem tseem ceeb, nom tswv, tub rog thiab kab lis kev cai. Tau ntev muaj kev sib tham txog cov npe ntawm cov neeg thov, tab sis nws tau rub ntau heev uas thaum kawg nws tsis tau ua tiav.
Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub monument muaj ib qho kev txhim kho cheeb tsam nrog rau kev taug kev thiab lub rooj zaum rau so. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm "Katkina Sad" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog Ostrovsky Square, lub ces kaum nrog Sadovaya Street thiab Nevsky Prospekt.
City Center
Tam sim no Ostrovsky Square thiab "Katkin Garden" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg - ib qho chaw uas lub neej nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Txhua txhua hnub, ntau tus pej xeem thiab cov qhua ntawm St. Petersburg tuaj ntawm no mus taug kev thiab txaus siab rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm nroog architecture, nco txog yav dhau los thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg sib txawv, muaj peev xwm paub txog lawv cov neeg xav txog keeb kwm ntawm lub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws..
Ntu ntawm Nevsky Prospekt nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub vaj yog qhov chaw nyiam rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv nroog. Lawv tsis tsuas yog nthuav tawm lawv tej hauj lwm ntawm no thiab muag lawv, tab sis kuj kos rau sawv daws. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv tus tswv thiab cov txheej txheem uas nws kos rau nws nyiam.
Hnub Saturday thiab Hnub Sunday, kev ua koob tsheej ntawm ice cream, smelt, thiab lwm yam yog niaj hnub tuav ntawm no. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam tos kom pib ua yeeb yam. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb maj nrawm mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv.
Christmas at Catherine the Great
Thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Enlightened Empress, Christmas hnub ua kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Thiab txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Peter lub Great lub nroog tau tsim los ua ib tug ntau-confessional center, tsis tsuas yog Orthodox, tab sis kuj Catholic Christmas ua kev zoo siab ntawm no. Kuj tseem muaj cov rooj sib tham rau hnub so. Courtiers thiab Catherine nws tus kheej tau koom tes nrog lawv.
Nyob rau hauv tribute rau lub cim xeeb ntawm no kev lig kev cai, txhua lub caij ntuj no ntawm ko taw ntawm Catherine II nyob rau hauv lub "Katkin vaj" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, muaj ib lub nroog Christmas fair. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws European kab lig kev cai. Raws li ib feem ntawmfairs yog cov xwm txheej uas muaj txiaj ntsig. Piv txwv li, "Christmas tsob ntoo ntawm kev ntshaw". Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv lub "Katkin vaj" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob: Nevsky Prospekt, Ostrovsky Square, ib tsob ntoo Xyoo Tshiab tab tom tsim. Ntawm nws, cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov chaw zov menyuam ntsuag dai lub hnab ntawv npaj ua ntej nrog kev xav, thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg nto moo: cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov kws sau ntawv, cov nom tswv, thiab lwm yam. luam lub hnab ntawv, nyeem lawv cov ntsiab lus nrov nrov thiab ua tiav cov kev xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv pleev xim cov duab ntawm cov neeg so, thiab pub cov nyiaj tau los rau cov chaw zov menyuam ntsuag.
Qhov kev ncaj ncees nws tus kheej nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Ekaterininsky Square thiab tau mob siab rau txhua xyoo rau lub ncauj lus tshiab. Tsis tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab, tab sis kuj cov neeg koom nrog txawv teb chaws koom nrog hauv fairs.
Rau cov neeg uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas mus rau "Katkino vaj" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, cov ntaub ntawv yog raws li nram no: txoj kev yooj yim tshaj yog lub metro mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Nevsky Prospect" los yog "Gostiny Dvor".
