Nikolaev cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Nikolaev raws li kev tswj hwm tau tshwm sim nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1937. Niaj hnub no nws muaj thaj tsam ntawm 24,598 sq. km, uas muaj 19 koog tsev kawm ntawv, 822 lub zos, 17 nroog-hom chaw nyob, 9 lub nroog loj. Thaj av Mykolaiv yog neeg nyob hauv ntau dua ib lab tus tib neeg.
Keeb kwm yav dhau los
Lub sijhawm Paleolithic lig yog lub sijhawm uas thaj av ntawm Northern Black Sea cheeb tsam tau xub tsa los ntawm Scythians, Greek colonies, Sarmatians. Nyob rau hauv 1415, cov Lithuanians nrhiav tau lub Ochakiv fortress ntawm no.
Txij li xyoo 1526, cov Turks tau kov yeej yav qab teb Ukraine, thaj chaw ntawm Dniester thiab Southern Bug Rivers. Lawv hu nws Yedisan. Cov cheeb tsam no muaj nyob hauv Ottoman Empire mus txog 1774. Tom qab kev tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish, thaj chaw Edisan hla mus rau Russia muaj, thiab 18 xyoo tom qab, raws li kev pom zoo, Qaib ntxhw muab thaj chaw sab hnub poob los ntawm Southern Bug River mus rau Russia.
BaseNikolaev ntog rau lub Xya hli ntuj 1788. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaj chaw no dhau los ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau lwm qhov. Nyob rau hauv lub German occupiers, lub teb chaws no yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev Kherson. Txij li thaum xyoo 1922, thaj av Nikolaev los ua thaj av Odessa. Xyoo 1937 raug cim los ntawm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm pawg tswj hwm rau thaj av. Lub cheeb tsam Nikolaev tshwm. Tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj Loj (txij li xyoo 1944), lub npe tswj hwm tau muab rau thaj chaw no.
Kev lag luam ntawm cheeb tsam
Kev nyab xeeb nruab nrab sab av loj, av dub av, kev nplua nuj ntawm cov dej ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb. Ntau tshaj 2 lab hectares ntawm Nikolaev thaj av yog thaj av ua liaj ua teb, ntawm cov av arable npog thaj tsam ntawm 1.7 lab hectares.
Loj hlob ntawm no mas cov qoob loo, qab zib beet, sunflower, zaub thiab gourd nroj tsuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub vaj, grapes yog bred, fodder qoob loo yog cog. Lawv tseem tab tom txhim kho nqaij thiab ua liaj ua teb.
Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov dej ntws, pas dej, pas dej yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim kev lag luam nuv ntses, thiab kev nkag mus rau hauv hiav txwv pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tourism thiab kev tsim nkoj. Cov cheeb tsam tom kawg yog sawv cev los ntawm peb lub koom haum tsim nkoj loj: "Chernomorsky Shipbuilding Plant", "Shipbuilding Plant muaj npe tom qab. 61 Cov Lus Cog Lus”, “Damen Shields Dej Hiav Txwv”.
Ntau tshaj 60 lub tuam txhab kev lag luam nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Mykolaiv (engineering, non-ferrous metallurgy, zaub mov, kev lag luam teeb). Mykolaiv cheeb tsam plays lub luag hauj lwm loj nyob rau hauv tag nrhokev lag luam ntawm Ukraine (3.6% yog qhov feem ntawm cheeb tsam hauv lub teb chaws kev lag luam tawm txawv teb chaws).
Natural we alth ntawm Nikolaev av
Lub sijhawm dhau los, 5 ciam teb ntawm thaj av Nikolaev tau tsim: los ntawm sab hnub tuaj - nrog thaj tsam Dnepropetrovsk thiab Kherson, nyob rau sab qaum teb yog thaj av Kirovograd, sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm thaj av Odessa, thiab sab qab teb ntxuav cov Dub. Hiav txwv. Nikolaev muaj peev xwm ntes cov hav zoov-steppe thiab steppe cheeb tsam, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov av yog nyob rau ntawm Hiav txwv Dub lowland.
Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm thaj av Nikolaev yog dotted nrog 85 tus dej, feem ntau yog qhuav. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Southern Bug, Ingul, Ingulets. Ua tsaug rau cov dej ntws thiab dej hiav txwv, 4 qhov chaw ntiav (estuaries) tau tsim ntawm no: Dnieper-Bugsky, Tiligulsky, Bugsky, Berezansky. Tsis tas li ntawd, 13 txhiab hectares ntawm thaj chaw Nikolaev yog nyob ntawm lub pas dej, reservoirs thiab lwm yam reservoirs.
thaj chaw kuj nplua nuj hav zoov. Ntau tshaj 70 txhiab hectares yog npog nrog hav zoov, dominated los ntawm oaks, pines, poplars, acacias. Sab qaum teb ntawm thaj av yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb dub zoo tib yam, thiab sab qab teb yog saturated nrog txiv ntseej thiab cov txiv ntseej tsaus nti.
Thaj av kuj tseem muaj cov peev txheej ntxhia: kev tsim kho, sawn pob zeb, granite, xuab zeb, limestone, kaolin, cement thiab av nplaum-cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom.
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm thaj tsam Nikolaev: Arbuzinsky thiab Voznesensky
Lub nroog tswj hwm ntawm thaj av Nikolaev yog Nikolaev. Lub cheeb tsam tau muab faib ua 19 koog tsev kawm ntawv.
- Arbuzinsky. Nws cheeb tsamyog tshaj ib txhiab square kilometers. Peb tus dej ntws los ntawm thaj chaw no: Southern Bug, Arbuzinka, Mertvovod. Ntawm no yog lub tiaj ua si nto moo nrog cov seem ntawm cov roob thaum ub ntawm tus dej lowlands. Lub tiaj ua si - "Granite-Steppe Bug" - muaj txog li ib puas qhov chaw qub txeeg qub teg uas tau muaj sia nyob ua ntej peb lub sijhawm. Los ntawm cov av no hla kev tiv thaiv "Trikratsky hav zoov" nrog thaj tsam ntawm 247 hectares, qhov twg ob-xyoos-laus oaks loj hlob, grey herons nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam, muaj lub pas dej nyiam ntawm txhua tus neeg nuv ntses, hav zoov tau cog rau hauv labyrinth. nrog rau txhua yam ntawm txoj kev, txuas hniav.
- Voznesensky. Nws npog thaj tsam ntawm 1392 sq. km. noj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntuj tiaj ua si "Pobuzhie". 4 tus dej ntws los ntawm thaj chaw: Kab Kab Sab Qab Teb, Arbuzinka, Mertvod, Rotten Elanec. Cov pej xeem nyob deb nroog predominates.
Domanevsky, Pervomaisky, Novobugsky, Vralievsky
- Domanevsky. Thaj chaw ntawm cheeb tsam yog 1458 square kilometers. 4 tus dej ntws los ntawm cov av no: Southern Bug, Chertala, Chichikleya, Bashkala. Lub tiaj ua si Granite-Steppe cheeb tsam kuj dhau los ntawm thaj chaw no.
- Pervomaisky. Nws npog thaj tsam ntawm 1319 sq. km. Ob tug dej ntws los ntawm cheeb tsam: Sinyukha thiab Southern Bug. Thaj chaw ntawm lub tiaj ua si ntuj "Pobuzhie" hla cov av no. Ntau tshaj 66 txhiab tus neeg nyob. Lub nroog Pervomaisk, thaj tsam Mykolaiv, tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam (kev tsim khoom, kev tsim khoom noj, nrog rau cov mis nyuj thiab cov kaus poom, khaub ncaws, thiab cov khoom siv roj av).
- Novobugsky koog tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 1243 squarekilometers. Ob tug dej ntws los ntawm cov av no - Ingul thiab Sofiyivka. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam muaj ib lub tiaj ua si "Priingulsky" nrog thaj tsam ntawm 3152.7 hectares. Hauv nws cov khoom muaj ob qhov xwm txheej ("Sofievsky reservoir", "Pelageevsky") thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Michael's Convent.
- YVradievsky. Luas 801 sq. km. Ob tug dej ntws los ntawm thaj chaw: Kodyma thiab Chichikleya. Txoj kev loj M-13 thoob ntiaj teb (tseem hu ua Poltavka) thiab Kotovsk-Pervomaisk railway kab hla hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv.
Nikolaev cheeb tsam: Elanetsky, Berezansky, Ochakovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv
- Elanetsky koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj 1018 square kilometers. Tus dej Rotten Elanets ntws los ntawm thaj chaw. Lub Elanetskaya Steppe xwm cia nrog thaj tsam ntawm 1675.7 hectares dhau los ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv, qhov twg txij lub Plaub Hlis mus txog Lub Kaum Hli koj tuaj yeem sau npe rau kev mus ncig xyuas keeb kwm ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, paub txog nws cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu, mus xyuas lub vaj tsiaj..
- Berezansky. Thaj chaw ntawm cheeb tsam no yog 1378 sq. km. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av yog Berezan Estuary. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw muaj kev sib cuag nrog ciam teb ntawm Tiligulsky Estuary, qhov twg Tiligulsky Regional Landscape Park nyob, lub peculiarity ntawm uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb ecosystem. Firstly, marine natural landscapes tau khaws cia ntawm no, qhov thib ob, muaj ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw dej, thiab qhov thib peb, lub estuary no yog lub cev dej huv tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Hiav Txwv Dub.
- Ochakovsky. Luas 1488 sq. km. Muaj ob lub estuaries (Dnepro-Bugsky, Berezansky) thiab nrov archaeological thiab keeb kwm cia "Olvia". Lub nroog Ochakov yog qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub.
Veselinovsky, Bratsk, Zhovtnevy, Novoodessky
- Veselinovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj thaj tsam ntawm 1245 square kilometers. Ob tug dej ntws los ntawm thaj chaw: Sab Qab Teb Kab thiab Chichikleya. Lub cheeb tsam yog dominated los ntawm cov pej xeem nyob deb nroog. Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub zos Pokrovka, muaj ib zaug ib lub fortress los ntawm thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob mus rau niaj hnub no.
- Nkauj ntseeg. Thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw no yog 1129 square meters. km. Ob tug dej ntws los ntawm thaj chaw: Mertvovod thiab Kostovataya. Tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb, tshwj tsis yog tias muaj npe nrov Soviet thiab Ukrainian pej xeem artist, playwright, ua yeeb yam thawj coj Saksagansky Panas Karpovich thiab inventor, hluav taws xob vuam engineer Benardos Nikolai Nikolayevich yug nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no.
- Zhovtnevy. Nws npog thaj tsam ntawm 1460 sq. km. Ob tug dej ntws: Southern Bug, Ingul. Hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv muaj 55 txhiab tus neeg uas muaj cov neeg nyob deb nroog loj tshaj.
- Novoodessky koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj 1428 square kilometers ntawm cheeb tsam. Tus kab mob Southern Bug ntws ntawm no.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam saum toj no, lub zos ntawm thaj av Nikolaev hais txog tag nrho cov pej xeem yeej nyob rau hauv lub nroog thiab loj nroog-hom chaw nyob.
Krivoozersky, Nikolaevsky, Bashtansky, Bereznegovatsky, Kazanovsky, Snigirevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv
- Krivoozersky. Nws npog thaj tsam ntawm 814 sq. km. Tus dej Southern Bug ntws nrog ib tug tributary ntawm Kodyma. Tshwj xeeb monumentsHauv paus tsev kawm ntawv tsis muaj, tab sis paub txog qhov tseeb hais tias tus naas ej Soviet loj general, hero ntawm USSR, Eremeev Boris Romanovich, yug los ntawm no.
- Nikolaevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm thaj av Nikolaev npog thaj tsam ntawm 1430 square kilometers. Tus dej Southern Bug ntws. Lub nroog Nikolaev yog qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub. Txoj kev loj M-14 thoob ntiaj teb thiab txoj kev loj E-58 hla dhau lub nroog tswj hwm.
- Bashtansky. Thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw no yog 1706 square meters. km. Ob tug dej ntws los ntawm nws thaj chaw: Ingul thiab Gromokleya. Cov pejxeem kev thaj yeeb yeej yeej.
- Bereznegovatsky. Nws npog thaj tsam ntawm 1264 sq. km.
- Kazankovsky. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam no yog 1349 square kilometers. Tus dej Visun ntws los ntawm thaj chaw.
- Snigirevsky. Nws nyob 1395 sq. km. Tus dej Ingulets ntws los ntawm nws thaj chaw. Kwv yees li 48 txhiab tus neeg nyob.
Cov ntsiab lus xaus
Natural we alth txiav txim siab cov dej num ntawm thaj av Nikolaev: nuv ntses thiab ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam, shipping, shipbuilding, tourism. Lub cheeb tsam yog nruab nrog txoj kev, tsheb ciav hlau, kev thauj mus los hauv dej, muaj cov dav hlau hauv zos. Cov cheeb tsam no yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, tab sis kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntawm tag nrho lub tebchaws (sib koom: 3.1% - xa tawm, 1.4% - ntshuam).
Hnub no, thaj av ntawd yog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog (68%). Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm xws li haiv neeg xws li Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians, Moldovans, Bulgarians. Tseem nyobLub cheeb tsam ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog inhabited los ntawm Armenians, cov neeg Yudais, Koreans, Azerbaijanis, Germans, Tatars, Poles, Gypsies. Cov lus tseem ceeb yog Ukrainian thiab Lavxias.
Tsuas yog ib cheeb tsam Nikolaev (Ukraine) ua ke hauv thaj chaw me me 89 thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, sib txawv hauv toj roob hauv pes, kev lag luam ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam (51% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam hauv lub tebchaws) thiab keeb kwm architectural sights (khoom siv tub rog keeb kwm, Greek ancient ruins, museums, church, 18th century toj ntxas).
