Kremlin: tsev cia puav pheej thiab kev mus ncig. Txheej txheem cej luam thiab qhib sijhawm ntawm Moscow Kremlin tsev cia puav pheej

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub Moscow Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve tau tsim muaj nyob rau hauv 1991 los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Kremlin lub tsev khaws puav pheej uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov kev xav tau los sib sau ua ke ntawm cov kab lis kev cai sib txawv tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los, tab sis qhov ntsuas ntawm txoj haujlwm tshiab tsis tau tso cai rau kev siv cov txheej txheem kev sib koom ua ke ib txwm - kev npaj rau kev sib tham ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm architecture siv ntau xyoo. Yog li ntawd, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv Kremlin. Moscow, lub peev-metropolis ntawm lub ntiaj teb nplai, tau pom lwm qhov chaw nthuav dav loj.

Residence

Tom qab ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, qhov loj tshaj plaws architectural pawg ntawm Russia tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej-reserve. Nyob rau hauv 2001, Elena Yuryevna Gagarina, tus ntxhais ntawm legendary cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Moscow Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve muaj keeb kwm ib txwm yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsars, thiab tom qab thawj tswj hwm. Tam sim no nws nyob hauv lub tsev hauv paus thiab chav tsev ntawm Lavxias Thawj Tswj Hwm VladimirVladimirovich Putin.

History ntawm Kremlin

Cov pej thuam thiab phab ntsa ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau lub tsev tsim vaj tsev tau tsim tsa, nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin. Niaj hnub no lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb "Kremlin" suav nrog peb lub tsev teev ntuj: Assumption, Annunciation thiab Arkhangelsk. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj nuj nqis keeb kwm tseem ceeb. Cov pawg tseem suav nrog lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej Kremlin: Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj, Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Deposition of the Robe, lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Ivan the Great, Lub Koom Txoos Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim. Nyob rau hauv qis qis ntawm Annunciation Cathedral muaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia uas qhia meej txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kremlin's archaeology. Yuav luag txhua hom kev kos duab tau nthuav dav hauv cov tsev cia puav pheej, qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tsev hais plaub huab tais thiab cov txiv plig siab rau ib qib lossis lwm qhov. Txhua lub tsev yog ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm architecture, xav txog lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los. Lub interiors ntawm cov masterpieces ntawm ancient architecture amaze nrog lawv splendor, conveying rau cov neeg tuaj saib lub ntxim nyiam ntawm cov style ntawm 16th thiab 17th centuries, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Pobulary

Moscow Kremlin, uas nws lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsis yog tsuas yog suav tias yog qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tsawg tshaj plaws, tab sis yog lawv tus kheej cov kab lis kev cai monuments, yog nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub koom haum kev ruaj ntseg siab tshaj plaws ntawm UNESCO. Kev tuaj koom ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem ceeb hauv Moscow ntaus txhua cov ntaub ntawv, thaum lub xyoo ntau tshaj li ob lab tus neeg tuaj ncig thoob ntiaj teb hla dhau Borovitsky Gates thiab Spasskaya Ntauwd ntawm Red Square. Cov neeg nyiam nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai tsis yogTsis muaj zog, cov lus qhia tau txais kev cob qhia zoo yog nyob ntawm kev pabcuam ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, uas txaus siab qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Moscow Kremlin, nrog rau txog lub neej ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab nws cov neeg koom nrog.

Royal carriages

Lub ntsiab nyiaj txiag ntawm Kremlin nthuav tawm yog suav tias yog Armory, los ntawm txhua qhov kev mus ncig pib ntawm qhov nkag mus rau Kremlin los ntawm sab ntawm Borovitskaya Ntauwd. Lub Moscow Kremlin, uas nws lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog qhov txawv ntawm ntau yam khoom pov thawj, muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsheb thauj neeg uas cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv siab tshaj nyob ze rau huab tais, cov kws pab tswv yim thiab cov nom tswv tau tawm mus rau hauv ntiaj teb. Kev nthuav qhia yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam, los ntawm ib tug yooj yim carriage mus rau ib tug ntau lub rooj carriage. Tus kheej hloov pauv ntawm Empress Catherine nyob ib sab ntawm lub phaeton ntev, thiab tus neeg khaws nyiaj lub tsheb thauj khoom nyob ib sab ntawm ob lub tsheb thauj mus rau yav tsaus ntuj.

Ib chav cais yog tshwj tseg rau cov khaub ncaws uas nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawd, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm huab tais headdresses, studded nrog pob zeb zoo nkauj, trimmed nrog sable fur. Cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb yog Monomakh lub hau nrog cov nplua nuj trim, txiav nrog emeralds thiab rubies. Cov chav tom ntej yog tsev Faberge Easter Eggs sau. Lub tsev hais plaub goldsmith Carl Faberge, ua ke nrog nws cov pab, tsim ib tug tag nrho series ntawm masterpieces ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab, uas ua ib tug nthuav nthuav dav. Cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb hauv Faberge sau yog Moscow Kremlin Easter qe. Qhov no yog ib daim duab stylized ntawm ob lub npe nrov Kremlin yees - Spasskaya thiab Vodovzvodnaya.

Cov yees yog cam khwb cia los ntawm tooj liab alloy, kub thiab nyiaj. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog nyob ncaj qha "Easter qe", nyob rau hauv uas lub jeweler tso rau sab hauv ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim me me ntawm tabla iconostasis los ntawm kev saib ntawm lub qhov rais lancet. Qhov no masterpiece ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab kuj yog nto moo rau qhov tseeb hais tias nws yeej tsis tawm hauv Russia, txawm hais tias txawv teb chaws exhibition tuam txhab uas muag yuav xav txog nws ib qho kev hwm kom suav nrog nws nyob rau hauv lawv cov expositions tsawg kawg ib ntus. Ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm tus nto moo jeweler so ntawm lub hauv paus hnyav ua los ntawm ib qho ntawm onyx.

Bombard

Nyob rau hauv lub ntuj qhib yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom pov thawj nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow Kremlin, Tsar Cannon, ib qho tshwj xeeb artillery thav duab los ntawm Andrey Chokhov nyob rau hauv 1586. Cov phom belongs rau qeb "bombard", thiab raws li kev faib tawm tshiab nws yog mortar. Txhua tus tub ntxhais hnyav txog 2 tons, txoj kab uas hla ntawm rab phom phom yog 890 hli, Tsar Cannon hnyav 42 tons. Lub mortar tsuas yog raug rho tawm haujlwm raws li txoj cai, txij li nws siv zog txaus los thauj nws.

Masterpiece hlau casting

Lwm qhov khoom nthuav qhia loj yog Tsar Tswb. Nyob rau hauv 1730, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Anna Ioannovna, ua hauj lwm pib ntawm casting lub tswb loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm foundry. Matorina txiv thiab tus tub tau cog lus ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sijhawm npaj ua haujlwm, tus txwj laus Matorin tuag, thiab nws tus tub yuav tsum ua txhua yam haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1735, txhua yam yog npaj txhij rau lub pouring txheej txheem, bronze yog boiling nyob rau hauv rau melting furnaces, lub molding qhov yog npaj tau txais cov molten hlau. Npaj txhijLub tswb hnyav 200 tons, nws qhov siab yog 6.3 meters. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswb raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws kub, vim qhov kub sib txawv, cov hlau tawg, thiab ib qho loj heev tawg tawm ntawm qhov loj. Yog li, kev tsim kho grandiose tsis muaj nyob ua lub tsev teev ntuj tswb rau lub belfry thiab tau los ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Lub Moscow Kremlin, uas nws lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau rov ua dua tshiab nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj, tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau Tsar Bell tshwj xeeb.

Assumption Cathedral

Ib qho ntawm thawj lub tsev teev ntuj dawb hauv Moscow, Assumption Cathedral, tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Aristotle Fioravanti. Xya xyoo tom qab kev tsim kho, tus neeg pleev kob nto moo Dionysius tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev pleev xim rau phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev. Ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus txog 1515. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub Assumption Cathedral tau repainted, tab sis cov qub frescoes tau raug khaws cia ib feem thiab nyob deb ntawm cov qub icon-painting piv txwv nyob rau hauv tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub Kremlin.

Nyob hauv Assumption Cathedral muaj ib tug loj heev necropolis, uas cov tshauv ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kyiv, Moscow, raws li zoo raws li cuaj yawg koob ntawm Moscow, uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th.

Annunciation Cathedral

Lub tuam tsev nyob rau ntawm Cathedral Square ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1489 nyob rau hauv ib tug ancient pob zeb dawb hauv qab daus sab laug los ntawm lub qub cathedral. Nyob rau hauv 1547, lub tuam tsev tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws thiab tau rov qab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1564, thaum lub architects ua rau ntawm ob lub domes los ntawm sab ntawm lub thaj aisles. Xyoo 1572, lub npe hu ua Grozny Porch tau ntxiv rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Lub iconostasis dais ob kab ntawm cov cim,"deesis" thiab "festive" ua haujlwm los ntawm Andrey Rublev thiab Theophan Greek. Nyob rau lub sam thiaj yog cov duab ntawm Greek philosophers: Aristotle, Homer, Anaxagoras, Plutarch, Ptolemy. Lub rooj vag sab qaum teb yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog bas-reliefs ntawm ancient Roman sibyl prophetesses. Hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog ua los ntawm jasper daim hlau.

Txog thaum xyoo pua 18th, lub tuam tsev tau siv los ua lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Moscow tsars. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm St. Petersburg dominance, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Annunciation yog ib tug sawv cev ntawm protopresbyterianism.

Arkhangelsk Cathedral

Lub tuam tsev tsib lub tsev uas muaj yim txoj kev tau tsim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tsuas yog ua tiav 150 xyoo tom qab los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg pleev kob Fyodor Zubov, Stepan Ryazanets, Joseph Vladimirov. Tom qab ntawd, ib lub rooj ntoo iconostasis, pleev xim nrog kub, tshwm nyob rau hauv sab hauv. Nws qhov siab yog 13 meters.

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Archangel yog nto moo rau nws qhov loj heev necropolis, uas suav nrog 54 burials, ntawm cov uas yog lub thaj neeb ntawm Tsarevich St. Dmitry Ivanovich thiab Mikhail ntawm Chernigov. Lub necropolis tseem muaj 46 lub qhov ntxa nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab tooj liab. Xyoo 1928, cov poj niam seem ntawm Romanov thiab Rurik xeem, uas yav tas los tau so hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Ascension Monastery, raug xa mus rau hauv qab daus chamber ntawm lub tuam tsev.

Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej, qhib sijhawm

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws exhibition complexes nyob rau hauv Russia ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Hauv qab no yog lub sijhawm txhua hnub ntawm kev nthuav qhia suav nrog hauv tsev cia puav pheej"Kremlin". Lub sijhawm qhib ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej tau faib raws li hauv qab no:

Txhua lub tsev cia puav pheej qhib thaum 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj txhua hnub. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov - txij 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj.

Thursday is a day so.

Cov chaw pib pib txhua hnub (tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday) thaum 9.30 txog 16.30, thaum lub caij ntuj sov - txog 17.00. Daim pib tuaj yeem yuav hauv Alexander Garden, chaw nres tsheb metro "Library npe tom qab Lenin".

Tsev khaws puav pheej "Armory" yog qhib raws li cov cai ntawm ntu: 10.00, 12.00, 14.30, 16.30. Daim pib raug muag ntawm lub thawv ntawv 45 feeb ua ntej kev sib kho.

Kev nthuav qhia "Antiquities ntawm Kremlin", nyob rau hauv Annunciation Cathedral, qhib txhua hnub (tshwj tsis yog Thursday): kev mus ncig ntawm 10.15, 11.15, 12.15, 13.15, 14.15, 15.15, 16.15.

Daim pib nkag mus rau Cathedral Square - 350 rubles rau cov neeg laus, 150 rubles rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau hnub so thiab hnub so, tsev neeg daim pib muaj rau ob tug neeg laus thiab ob tug me nyuam. Tus nqi ntawm ib daim pib yog 100 rubles.

Tus nqi ntawm daim pib mus rau Armory yog 700 rubles rau cov neeg laus thiab 200 rubles rau cov neeg laus, cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv.

khoom plig thiab xa ntawv

Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej, kev nthuav qhia, vernissages, thematic shows thiab lwm yam xwm txheej yog raug rau lub kaw lus tsim tawm ntau xyoo. Txhua tus qhua tuaj rau Moscow Kremlin tau txais tos zoo li cov qhua, muab nws nrog txhua yam tsim nyog uas twb muaj lawm ntawm qhov nkag. Phau ntawv, layouts, souvenirs, postcards - tag nrho cov no muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau npaum li cas. Lub Moscow Kremlin, uas nws lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj kev txaus siab rau txhua tus neegntiaj teb, tseem tau txais qhua.