Golden Gate in Kyiv. Golden Gate - ib tug monument ntawm architecture ntawm Kievan Rus

Cov txheej txheem:

Golden Gate in Kyiv. Golden Gate - ib tug monument ntawm architecture ntawm Kievan Rus
Golden Gate in Kyiv. Golden Gate - ib tug monument ntawm architecture ntawm Kievan Rus
Anonim

Kyiv yog ib lub nroog zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, uas yog tag nrho ntawm kev nthuav dav. Leej twg yog tus tsim nyog mus xyuas thawj zaug hauv Kyiv? Golden Rooj vag! Qhov no tshwj xeeb monument ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab architecture yuav tsum yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj ntawm cov npe no!

yam ntxwv ntawm lub monument

Hauv Kyiv, Golden Gate yog ib lub cim tseem ceeb rau lub peev thiab nws cov neeg nyob. Tag nrho cov qhua hauv lub nroog yog thawj zaug coj mus rau qhov khoom no.

hauv Kyiv Golden Gate
hauv Kyiv Golden Gate

Nikolay Zakrevsky ib zaug hu ua lub monument no "ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kiev thaum ub." Nyob rau hauv pre-Mongolian lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Kyiv, lub Golden Gate tau ua lub hauv paus rooj vag rau lub nroog. Feem ntau, lawv tau txais lub npe no los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Golden Gate of Constantinople. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev sib tw tacit uas tau tshwm sim ntawm ob lub zog loj ntawm lub sijhawm.

Golden Gate hauv Kyiv: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub monument

Cov neeg sau keeb kwm, hmoov tsis, tsis paub hnub kawg ntawm kev tsim lub Rooj vag Golden. Thawj sau hais txog lawvua 1037. Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau xav ntseeg tias kev tsim kho Golden Gate hauv Kyiv pib xyoo 1017 thiab kav ntev txog xya xyoo.

Kev tsim kho ntawm Golden Gate hauv Kyiv
Kev tsim kho ntawm Golden Gate hauv Kyiv

Cov rooj vag no dhau los ua qhov nruab nrab (pem hauv ntej) nkag mus rau lub nroog qub. Nws yog los ntawm lawv tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm lub xeev thiab lwm cov qhua tseem ceeb tuaj txog hauv Kyiv. Ntxiv nrog rau Golden, lub nroog kuj muaj Lyadsky thiab Zhidovsky rooj vag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv no tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Lub rooj vag Lyadsky, los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub niaj hnub Independence Square.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tsuas yog Lub Rooj vag Golden tsuas yog ua los ntawm pob zeb (tseem yog ua los ntawm ntoo), uas ua rau lawv yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Yog li ntawd, nws paub tias txawm tias Batu Khan tsis tau twv kom tawg mus rau hauv lub nroog txoj kev no, xaiv lub rooj vag Lyadsky thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm Khreschaty Valley los cua daj cua dub Kyiv.

Lub Rooj vag Golden zoo li cas?

Nws tsis paub meej tias lub rooj vag zoo li cas nyob rau hauv Yaroslav the Wise. Txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv no. Yog li, lub hauv paus pej thuam ntawm lub rooj vag muaj qhov siab ntawm 13 meters, dav ntawm 10.5 thiab ntev ntawm 17.6 meters. Nws tseem paub tias lub rooj vag tsev teev ntuj nyob rau ntawm tus pej thuam. Yog li, tag nrho qhov siab ntawm Golden Gate mus txog 32 meters.

Golden Gate hauv Kyiv keeb kwm
Golden Gate hauv Kyiv keeb kwm

Tom qab kev ntes ntawm Kyiv los ntawm Mongols (1240) thiab txog rau thaum xyoo pua 16th, lub architectural monument tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg. Tab sis qee qhov chaw ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th twb hais tias Golden Gate yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev uas ploj lawm. Hauv particular, MartinGruneweg nyob rau xyoo 1584 rov qab hais tias "Golden Gates hauv Kyiv tseem sawv, tab sis lawv feem ntau raug rhuav tshem."

Kev tsim kho thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm monument

Thawj qhov kev sim cawm cov khoom tau ua tiav hauv 30s ntawm XIX caug xyoo. Yog li ntawd, lub ruins tau them nrog turf, thiab cov phab ntsa tau sau nrog ib tug daws ntawm limestone. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1837, engineer Mechovich tau ntxiv dag zog rau sab hnub tuaj phab ntsa ntawm lub rooj vag nrog haib buttresses. Txawm li cas los xij, lub monument txuas ntxiv mus deteriorate nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm atmospheric nag lossis daus. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub pavilion hla lub rooj vag thaum ub, uas yuav tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv lawv xwb, tab sis kuj tseem rov ua kom zoo li qub ntawm Golden Gate.

metro Golden Gate Kyiv
metro Golden Gate Kyiv

Kev tsim kho ua haujlwm tau ua tiav los ntawm 1982. Kev ua haujlwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm cov kws kho mob E. Lopushinskaya, S. Vysotsky thiab N. Kholostenko. Ua tsaug rau kev tsim kho dua tshiab, nws muaj peev xwm rov ua kom zoo li qub ntawm Lub Rooj vag Golden: lub tsev sib ntaus sib tua 14 meters siab tau tsim, thiab ib tug me me pej thuam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ledge tau txuas rau sab. Ntawm ib sab, cov tuam tsev tau nruab nrog lub qhov rooj nqa tiag tiag, ua raws li cov piv txwv ntawm cov uas tau khaws cia hauv Suzdal thiab Novgorod.

Lub rooj vag tsev teev ntuj kuj tau rov tsim dua ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj ib leeg. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov cib zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj rau lub facades ntawm lub tsev los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Kievan Rus. Sab hauv, pem teb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog mosaics, ua raws li lub hauv paus qub ntawm St. Sophia ntawm Kyiv.

Zoloti Vorota metro chaw nres tsheb

Kyiv tsis yog Lavra nkaus xwb, cov tsev qub, cov tuam tsev thiab cov kev qub. Qhov no yog lub nroog niaj hnub no nrog txoj kev loj, txuas hniav thiab loj tshaj plawsmetro system hauv Europe. Txog niaj hnub no, Kiev metro tau sawv cev los ntawm peb kab (ob qho ntxiv tau tsim) nrog 52 chaw nres tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tib tsab xov xwm, nws yuav tsum tau hais txog tsuas yog ib tug ntawm lawv, uas yog nyob ze ntawm lub architectural monument piav saum toj no. Nov yog qhov chaw nres tsheb Golden Gate.

Kyiv yog npaj kom txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi nrog nws cov kev zoo nkauj tsis yog saum av, tab sis kuj hauv qab nws. Thiab qhov chaw nres tsheb no yog qhov tseeb tseeb ntawm qhov no! Nws suav nrog cov npe ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab ntau dua. Ntau qhov kev tso cai tshaj tawm ib zaug ("Tus Saib Xyuas" hauv 2014, "Bootsnall" hauv 2011 thiab "Daily Telegraph" hauv 2012) suav nrog lub chaw nres tsheb Kyiv hauv lawv qhov kev ntaus nqi.

Chaw nres tsheb Golden Gate Kyiv
Chaw nres tsheb Golden Gate Kyiv

Nws tau txib hauv xyoo 1989. Tag nrho cov vaults sab hauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog mosaic paintings thiab ornaments, txhua yam uas tsis yog rov qab. Thiab yog tias koj mus ncig ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb clockwise, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov taug qab yuav luag tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog qub. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb metro "Zoloti Vorota". Kyiv thiab tag nrho txoj kev ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob yuav qhib tag nrho rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv av.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim chaw nres tsheb "Golden Gate" yog qhov txaus nyiam heev. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian pej xeem style, nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub tuam tsev, uas yog tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub atheistic Soviet lub xeev. Tab sis yuav ua li cas qhov no tau tso cai nyob rau hauv 80s, thaum kev tsim kho tab tom pib? Raws li nws tau tshwm sim, nws yog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub caij nyoog.

Tus sau ntawm qhov project - Vadim thiab Boris Zhezherin - nkaum ntawm tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub nroogqhov tseeb hais tias "tsis tsim nyog" ntau dhau yuav muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb yav tom ntej. Yog li, lawv tau nthuav tawm lawv tus kheej mus rau qhov kev pheej hmoo loj, vim tias nyob rau hauv USSR ib qho tuaj yeem tau txais lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsim kho tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb pib tsuas yog xyoo 1989, thaum lub tebchaws Soviet tau xyaum tsis muaj nyob. Yog li, ua tsaug rau lub siab tawv ntawm Zhezherins, lub nroog tau txais qhov chaw nres tsheb zoo heev, uas tau nqus tag nrho cov qhabnias ntawm Kyiv - niam ntawm Lavxias lub nroog.

Golden Gate Park

Yog tias koj tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb sab saud, koj yuav pom koj tus kheej hauv lub tiaj ua si zoo nkauj thiab xis nyob uas nyob ib puag ncig lub Rooj vag Golden. Lub xwmfab no yog thaj chaw toj roob hauv pes, tsis muaj qhov uas nws twb nyuaj rau xav txog cov qauv qub ntawm lub nroog.

metro chaw nres tsheb Zoloti Vorota Kyiv
metro chaw nres tsheb Zoloti Vorota Kyiv

Lub monument rau Yaroslav lub Wise zoo li tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si. Ntawm no txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo ib txwm muaj ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg caij so zoo tib yam ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog.

Siv qhov xaus

Tus dej muaj zog Dnieper, cov tsev teev ntuj thaum ub, cov tsev nrog keeb kwm tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb architectural monuments - tag nrho cov no, tau kawg, yog nyob rau hauv Kyiv. Lub Rooj vag Golden yog qhov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, yog ib lub tsev qub tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe, uas tab tom yuav ua kev zoo siab rau nws lub xyoo txhiab! Nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian peev, koj yuav tsum xub mus saib no tshwj xeeb monument.

Pom zoo: