Assumption Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vladimir - ib tug masterpiece ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj architecture

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th los ntawm kev yug los ntawm Tswv Yexus nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog ib qho chaw nyob ntsiag to, kev thov Vajtswv thiab piety tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj parishes, thiab cov neeg tau koom nyob rau hauv arable ua liaj ua teb. Txhua tus tau txiav txim siab los ntawm Grand Duke Andrei Bogolyubsky, Yuri Dolgoruky tus tub, nrog rau cov nyiaj txiag zoo thiab kev mloog lus ntawm cov neeg. Tsuas yog ib qho cuam tshuam tus kav ntawm Vladimir, nws tsis muaj lub tuam tsev tsim nyog. Nws khib nyob rau hauv txoj kev zoo cov thawj coj ntawm Kyiv, uas tsim lub Sophia Cathedral. Tub huabtais ambitions tsis ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj lw, Andrey Bogolyubsky tau sau masters los ntawm txhua lub teb chaws nrog rau kev txiav txim los tsim ib lub tuam tsev dawb-pob zeb, tsis zoo li lwm yam. Lub Tebchaws Roman, uas sawv cev los ntawm Frederick Barbarossa, kuj tau xa nws cov tswv rau Prince Andrei. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1158, cov architects pib tsim lub Assumption Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vladimir. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb zoo, tus nqi yog siab, tab sis rau ntau centuries. Lub tuam tsev tau xeeb tub nrog tsib lub domes, nrog rau qhov tob tob. Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm, zakomaras mus ua ke, crowning nees nkaum arched windows ntawm qib thib ob. Cov kev nkag tau raug kaw nrog cov ntoo qhib loj loj thiab cov qhov rooj tau gilded. Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua tiav los ntawm peb apses, lub hauv paus loj- lub tsev teev ntuj loj thiab ob lub me me. Tsis muaj belfry nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj; ib tug tswb pej thuam ntawm tsis tshua muaj architectural zoo nkauj tau tsim nyob ze. Lub tswb pej thuam organically ntxiv rau Assumption Cathedral, nws lub dome gilded yog crowned nrog lub siab spire, thiab daim duab peb sab pediments nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm zakomar.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Andrey Bogolyubsky tau saib xyuas tias Assumption Cathedral hauv Vladimir tau tsim siab dua Sophia Cathedral hauv Kyiv. Tus tub huabtais xav ua ntej ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Kiev. Thiab yog li nws tau tshwm sim, qhov siab ntawm Cathedral ntawm Assumption ntawm Vladimir yog ntau tshaj 32 meters, uas yog ob peb meters siab tshaj St. Sophia's. Thiab kev nom kev tswv, lub tuam tsev grandiose tau muab qee qhov zoo rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Andrei hauv kev sib tw tsis sib haum xeeb nrog Kyiv. Dawb-stone Assumption Cathedral tau dhau los ua poj koob yawm txwv ntawm ntau lub tsev teev ntuj zoo sib xws hauv Russia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov architecture tau tshwm sim hauv Assumption Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Qee qhov contours tau siv hauv nws qhov project los ntawm Aristotle Fioravanti.

Assumption Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vladimir cim qhov pib ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab kev lig kev cai - pob zeb carving. Peb lub phiaj xwm tau kos rau ntawm phab ntsa: "Alexander the Great's Ascension to Heaven", "Youths on Fire" thiab "Forty Martyrs of Sebaste". Lub heyday tos rau lub pob zeb dawb carving. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev vam meej hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Assumption Cathedral, cov txheej txheem no tau txais kev lees paub tam sim ntawd. Thaum lub Cathedral ntawm lub Assumption tau tsim, Vladimir-grad tau saib nrog bated ua tsis taus pa. Thaum kev tsim kho tiav, lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim ua ntej cov neeg ntawm Vladimir nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob. Gilded central dome sparkled dazzlingly, tag nrho cov qhov rooj nkag tau gilded.

Sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev shimmered nrog ntau tus qauv, kab nrog pob zeb muaj nuj nqis thiab pearls. Ntau lub nkoj thiab cov khoom siv rau kev pe hawm yog ua los ntawm cov kub thiab nyiaj dawb huv. Tsis yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias teb sab muaj qhov nplua nuj zoo nkauj. Tag nrho cov kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau stamped nrog khoom kim heev. Ib lub tuam tsev zoo sib xws tsuas yog hauv Yeluxalees xwb - lub tuam tsev ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Xalaumoo. Nws tseem muab lub Assumption Cathedral ntawm sab ntsuj plig lub neej - lub iconostasis. Tus nto moo Andrei Rublev thiab Daniil Cherny tau raug caw los pleev xim rau cov cim. Thoob plaws hauv 1161 lawv tau pleev xim rau cov cim. Thiab thaum pib ntawm 1162, lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vladimir tau txais ib tug iconostasis. Thaum txhua yam npaj txhij, lub tsev teev ntuj tau qhib rau kev pe hawm. Cov parishioners ntshai hla lub qab nthab, kev ntshai ntawm oriental khoom kim heev nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev tsis cia cov neeg ua pa yooj yim. Cov pab yaj uas ntshai Vajtswv tau mob siab rau, saib xyuas lub khob kub thiab cov chandeliers.

Nyob rau hauv 1185 teeb meem tuaj. Muaj hluav taws txaus ntshai uas rhuav tshem tag nrho cov ntoo hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab ua rau cov pob zeb dawb tawg. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom rov kho lub tuam tsev, thiab tom qab qee lub sij hawm cov architects overlaed lub Assumption Cathedral nrog tshiab masonry los ntawm sab nraud, enclosing nws nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ua haujlwm ntau xyoo, lub tuam tsev tau hloov kho tshiab. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev zoo nkauj, nws tsis tau dhau los ua phem, tab sis tau nce loj hauv qhov loj. Tam sim no, Assumption Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vladimir yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm UNESCO thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws monuments ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj architecture.