Koj puas xav tias koj tus kheej yog ib tug neeg niaj hnub? Koj puas xav tias koj tuaj yeem daws qhov nyuaj thiab teeb meem? Hauv txoj cai, nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog, raws li kev xyaum qhia, tus neeg nruab nrab tuaj yeem txaus siab rau nws qhov omnipotence tsuas yog tias nws tsis tawm hauv nws qhov chaw nyob ib txwm muaj. Peb puas yuav kuaj?
Ntu 1. Yuav pib hluav taws li cas yam tsis muaj qhov sib tw? Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem
21st century in the yard. Peb tau kawm ya mus rau lub hli, nrog kev pab ntawm Is Taws Nem koj tuaj yeem nrhiav yuav luag txhua yam ntaub ntawv, thiab cov lus txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem kawm tau yam tsis tau tawm hauv koj lub computer. Tag nrho qhov no yog hu ua kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
Yuav ua li cas txog qhov yooj yim tab sis tseem ceeb? Koj puas tau xav txog seb tus txiv neej niaj hnub no puas tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob, hais, hauv cov tsiaj qus? Nws puas paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li pib hluav taws yam tsis muaj qhov sib tw, lossis yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau yam tsawg kawg yog ib qho chaw nkaum los ntawm nag? Tu siab, cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no yuav tsis zoo.
Feem ntau, yog peb saib cov txheeb cais, nws hloov tawm tias cov neeg nyob hauv nroog feem ntau ua tsis tautaws hluav taws txawm nrog lub teeb, tab sis lawv tseem tsis paub txog ntau yam ntawm kev ua hluav taws.
Yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev ciaj sia. Koj yeej tsis paub qhov twg thiab thaum twg nws tuaj yeem siv tau. Muaj kev xav tias txhua tus txiv neej yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas ua hluav taws tsis muaj qhov sib tw, tab sis cov poj niam yuav tsum ua raws li peb cov lus qhia niaj hnub no. Qhov no, koj pom, yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ciaj sia.
Seem 2. Peb teev txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem
Yuav ua li cas hluav taws tsis muaj qhov sib tw hauv hav zoov? Puas tseem ua tau?
Nws yog qhov tseeb tseeb tias cov dej noo lossis dampness yuav ua rau tag nrho cov haujlwm. Ntawm no, nws yuav zoo li, tsis muaj dab tsi los sib cav txog. Txawm tias ib tug me nyuam tub kawm ntawv kwv yees tias txhawm rau kom tau hluav taws hauv hav zoov yam tsis muaj qhov sib tw lossis siv lawv (ntawm theem no tsis tseem ceeb), koj yuav xav tau cov ntaub so ntswg qhuav los yog nplooj, los ntawm txoj kev, ropes, gauze, tws bark lossis nplooj. qhuav moss, thiab lwm yam. Cia kuv hais tias qhov no tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm cov khoom. Yog li hais, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau tus txiv neej hauv txoj kev.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb, muaj plaub txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem:
- tshuaj;
- phau ntawv (siv lub lens);
- siv kev sib txhuam quab yuam;
- nyuaj.
Tam sim no cia peb tham txog txhua tus kom meej ntxiv.
Section 3. Tshuaj tiv thaiv
Tej zaum, peb qee tus nco qab los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab glycerin tuaj yeem ua rau cov nplaim hluav taws kub. Yog tias koj muaj kev nkag mus raucov khoom no rau "ua noj" hluav taws, xav tias dawb ua! Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim daws qhov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas teeb hluav taws tsis muaj qhov sib tw hauv thaj teb. Tsuas yog 1 g ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate, ncuav mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv npaj ua ntej, thiab ob peb tee ntawm glycerin yog txaus. Tab sis kuv xav ceeb toom rau koj tam sim ntawd: sai li sai tau thaum koj tso cov glycerin, tshem koj txhais tes sai sai, vim hais tias hluav taws yuav pib nqus cov khoom plig uas tau muab tam sim ntawd.
Ntu 4. Yuav pib hluav taws li cas yam tsis muaj qhov sib tw. Ntev, tab sis txhim khu kev qha - phau ntawv qhia
Siv lub tsom iav los ntawm tsom iav, tsom iav, tsom iav, lub raj mis convex, lub thoob dej yug ntses lossis lwm yam iav zoo li, koj tuaj yeem tsom lub hnub lub teeb los tsim hluav taws. Piv txwv li, Robinson Crusoe los ntawm ib phau ntawv uas paub zoo thiab nyiam los ntawm thaum yau, ua ntej tau txais hluav taws yam tsis muaj qhov sib tw (qhov ntais ntawv thiab lub teeb ci tuaj yeem nyob ntawm ib kob?!?), mob siab rau siv tsom iav saib.
Ntu 5. Npaj ua haujlwm hnyav? Txoj kev tedious
Nws tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws los ntawm kev sib txhuam, txawm hais tias qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm hnyav heev thiab tsis yog ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig. Pib nrog, ib rab hneev yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo mos, tab sis txoj hlua yuav zoo kawg nkaus ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm bowstring. Ib tug "drill" yuav yog ib tug taw tes stick. Kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo qhuav qhuav, xws li ntoo thuv lossis ntoo qhib.
Cov khoom siv yog thawj zaug tshem tawm cov tawv ntoo. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau laum ib lub qhov tob ntawm 1-1.5 cm thiab ua tib zoo npog nws nrog tinder. Lub laum yuav tsum tau qhwv nrog ib tug bowstring, ntxig nrog ib lub nplhaib rau hauv lub qhov, nruj nreem tinder nyob ib ncig ntawm. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, nruj nreem nias lub laum nrog lub xib teg ntawm koj txhais tes, koj yuav tsum sivsab tes xis kom ceev hneev taw. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua perpendicular rau xyaum. Ib qho tseem ceeb: txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua rau lub xibtes puas, cov ntaub npuag tau muab tso rau ntawm lub laum thiab tes, nws tuaj yeem hloov nrog ntoo tawv ntoo. Tom qab lub tinder tau smoldered, nws yuav tsum tau zoo inflated thiab muab kindling, uas yog npaj ua ntej.
Section 6. Txoj Kev Nyuaj Siab
Rau txoj kev no, txhua lub pob zeb tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim txaus los khob tawm lub txim nrog rab riam steel lossis lwm yam khoom siv hlau. Kev vam meej ntawm qhov kev ua ub no yog qhov nyuaj rau kwv yees, vim tias txhua yam nyob ntawm txoj hmoo thiab lub hauv paus qhuav heev rau hluav taws.
Ntu 7. "Kev siv zog thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav zom txhua yam"
Zaj lus pov thawj no raug pom zoo rau cov neeg uas, txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, txiav txim siab kawm txog kev ua kom hluav taws tsis muaj qhov sib tw.
Nws yuav tsum tau ceeb toom tam sim ntawd tias ua hluav taws los ntawm kev sib txhuam yog txoj kev nyuaj tshaj plaws. Nws yeej tsis yog rau lub siab qaug zog.
Feem ntau, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev kom tau hluav taws los ntawm kev sib txhuam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hom ntoo siv rau lub plank thiab spindle.
Ib tug spindle yog ib tug stick uas koj yuav twist los tsim kev sib txhuam ntawm nws thiab lub rooj tsavxwm. Juniper, cypress, aspen, willow, cedar, walnut yog suav tias yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau plank thiab spindle. Txhawm rau siv tsob ntoo los ua hluav taws los ntawm kev sib txhuam, zoo li, hauv paus ntsiab lus, lwm yam, ntoo yuav tsum tau muab kom qhuav xwb.
Section 8 Tes Drill Method
Honestly, nws yogfeem ntau primitive, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj. Txhua yam nws yuav siv yog ntoo, tes tsis nkees thiab kev txiav txim siab.
Tau lub zes tinder. Rau tinder, ib yam khoom uas ignites nrog ib lub txim, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv:
- birch tawv;
- nyom nyom;
- koob koob;
- ntoo shavings;
- tinder fungi (crushed thiab qhuav nceb);
- wax paper;
- paj rwb fluffy;
- paj rwb hlawv;
- spruce cones.
Ua ib qho kev txiav los ntawm kev txiav ib qho me me rau ntawm daim phiaj. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav no, nws yog tsim nyog muab cov tawv ntoo kom ntes cov ember uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txhuam. Pib tig los ntawm kev tso lub spindle rau hauv qhov chaw so. Raws li txoj cai, nws yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 50 centimeters ntev rau txoj kev no kom ua haujlwm zoo. Tig tus pas ntawm koj ob txhais tes kom txog rau thaum lub ember tshwm.
Thaum lub txim tshwm sim, hloov nws mus rau lub zes uas tau npaj ua ntej. Maj mam tshuab rau nws, txhua yam npaj txhij - hluav taws kub.
Nqe 9. Txoj Kev Teeb Hluav Taws Xob
Xav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua hluav taws, uas yog raws li kev sib txhuam. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tau siv rab hneev thiab laum.
Ua ib rab hneev nruj. Ua li no, rub ib txoj hlua, siv, lace rau ntawm tus pas. Tom qab ntawd ua ib lub qhov ntawm cov ntoo qhuav. Tom ntej no, sai sai thiab rau lub sij hawm ntev twist lub ncej nyob rau hauv lub qhov nrog ib tug hneev. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau txais cov hmoov dub. Sai li lub txim tshwm sim hauv nws, nws yuav tsum yoghloov mus rau tinder.
Section 10. Flint and steel
Yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov no yog qhov qub thiab txhim khu kev qha rau cov neeg uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas ua hluav taws tsis muaj qhov sib tw hauv hav zoov lossis hauv qhov qhib.
Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom ib txwm coj flint nrog koj mus taug kev. Tom qab tag nrho, kev sib tw tuaj yeem ntub thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais lub txim los ntawm ib daim flint.
Lub flint thiab steel tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem ib txwm improvise nrog quartzite thiab steel hniav ntawm txhua yam riam.
Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, koj yuav xav tau ib daim ntaub charred, uas tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov nceb qhuav, birch bark.
- Nqa lub pob zeb thiab daim ntaub.
- Muab ib pob zeb ntawm koj tus ntiv tes xoo thiab ntiv tes xoo, nrog ntug protruding 7 centimeters.
- Pinch cov ntaub ruaj ntseg nrog koj tus ntiv tes xoo thiab flint.
- Pib taws. Ua li no, ntaus lub flint nrog hlau los yog ib rab riam ob peb zaug, koj yuav pom tias cov sparks yuav ya mus rau hauv cov ntaub, yog li ua rau ib tug ci ntsa iab.
- Muab daim ntaub nplaum rau hauv tinder thiab maj mam tshuab kom pib hluav taws.
Ntu 11. Siv lub lens
Feem ntau, txhua txoj hauv kev raws li kev tua hluav taws nrog lo ntsiab muag yog suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Ua ntej ua hluav taws tsis muaj qhov sib tw, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tsom lub hnub ci ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.
Kuj haum rau lub hom phiaj no:
- iav tsom iav;
- iav;
- binoculars.
Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias koj ntxiv dej me ntsis rau lub lens, lub teeb ci yuav khaus ntau dua. Sim qaij lub khob nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas cov rays tsom mus rau ib qho taw tes nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla. Muab tinder tso rau hauv qhov chaw no, sai sai koj yuav tau hluav taws.
Qhov tsuas downside rau txoj kev no yog tias nws tsuas ua haujlwm thaum muaj hnub. Thiab thaum hmo ntuj, koj yuav tau siv lwm txoj hauv kev.
Section 12. Creative approach
Tsis paub yuav pib hluav taws yam tsis muaj qhov sib tw? Sim ua nws li qub - thiab lom zem rau koj tus kheej, thiab ua rau koj cov phooj ywg xav tsis thoob.
Yog li, ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, muaj peb qhov txawv txav, tab sis cov txheej txheem zoo heev uas yog ua raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob.
- Pob thiab hnab looj tes. Yog tias koj sau lub zais pa lossis hnab looj tes nrog dej, lawv yuav tig mus rau hauv lub lens. Muaj tseeb, lawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm qhov ntev focal ntev ntawm lub tinder - los ntawm 1-2 cm.
- Hluav taws kub dej khov. Tau hluav taws los ntawm ib qho dej khov. Txoj kev no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau lub caij ntuj no mus pw hav zoov. Tab sis rau txoj kev ua haujlwm, cov dej khov yuav tsum yog pob tshab thiab txog 5 centimeters tuab. Tom qab ntawd ua cov dej khov rau hauv lub lens, txhuam nws nrog koj txhais tes kom ua tiav, thiab siv nws zoo li lub lens tsoos.
- "Coca-Cola" thiab chocolate. Koj yuav xav tau ib lub kaus poom aluminium thiab chocolate. Ntxiv mus, hauv qab ntawm thawj zaug yuav tsum tau polished nrog qhov thib ob, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav kuj tsim nyog. Tom qab sib tsoo, koj tau txais daim iav parabolic. Nws tsuas yog mus ntes lub hnublub teeb thiab qhov twg cov rays tsom, muab tinder.
