Lub peev ntawm Dagestan: pom, mosques, ua yeeb yam ntawm Makhachkala. Qhov twg yog lub nroog ntawm Makhachkala nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia?

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub peev ntawm Dagestan: pom, mosques, ua yeeb yam ntawm Makhachkala. Qhov twg yog lub nroog ntawm Makhachkala nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia?
Lub peev ntawm Dagestan: pom, mosques, ua yeeb yam ntawm Makhachkala. Qhov twg yog lub nroog ntawm Makhachkala nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia?
Anonim

Dagestan, txhais los ntawm Turkic - "lub teb chaws ntawm roob", yog ib lub koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Russia. Nws lub peev, lub nroog Makhachkala, suav hais tias tsis yog tsuas yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv North Caucasus, tab sis kuj yog qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Chaw ua si, ua yeeb yam, ntau qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov vaj tsev monuments - tag nrho cov no muab lub nroog tshwj xeeb tsw. Thiab kev sib raug zoo thiab kev tos txais ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog ua rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws xav tuaj rau lub ces kaum zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no dua.

Lub peev ntawm Dagestan
Lub peev ntawm Dagestan

keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tam sim no lub peev ntawm Dagestan Makhachkala nyob, nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm muaj ib txoj kev lag luam los ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Volga cheeb tsam mus rau Persia. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7th, lub nroog zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Semender, uas yog lub peev ntawm Khazars, sawv nyob rau ntawd. Tus Yaj Saub Oleg yuav "ua pauj" lawv, tab sis nws tus kwv tij nyob deb, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav, tau ua nws. Xyoo 966, nws rhuav tshem lub nroog tag nrho. Xyoo 1722, thaum nws tawm tsam Persia, kwv yees li ntawm qhov chaw no, tsis deb ntawm lub nroog Tarki, tab sis ze dua.mus txog rau lub hiav txwv, Peter kuv teem nws lub yeej. Nyob rau hauv 1844, ib tug tub rog fortification tau tsim ntawm no. Lawv hu ua Petrovsky nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm lub Great sovereign. Qhov chaw yooj yim nyiam qhov tseeb tias lub fortification sai tsim thiab chim siab. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1857 nws tau los ua lub npe hu ua lub nroog Petrovsky. Nws cov khoom tau nthuav dav, cov pej xeem loj hlob sai. Nyob rau hauv 1870 ib qhov chaw nres nkoj tau tsim nyob rau ntawm no, nyob rau hauv 1876 ib tug brewery, nyob rau hauv 1878 lub tsev luam ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv 1894 lawv pib nteg railway kab rau Vladikavkaz thiab Baku. Nyob rau hauv 1918, Petrovsk tau renamed Shamil-Kala, xav kom perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm lub teb chaws hero Imam Shamil. Txij li thaum xyoo 1921, lub nroog tau muaj npe tom qab Bolshevik Magomed-Ali Dakhadaev, uas tau nrov npe hu ua Makhach.

Makhachkala nyob qhov twg ntawm daim duab qhia ntawm Russia

Makhachkala nyob qhov twg ntawm daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia
Makhachkala nyob qhov twg ntawm daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia

Makhachkala nyob rau thaj chaw hu ua Anzhi-Kala, uas txhais los ntawm Kumyk li "pob zeb diamond nroog". Qhov no yog ib qho me me ntawm thaj av qis ntawm Caspian Hiav Txwv thiab Mount Tarki-Tau. Tsib kilometers deb yog lub nroog Tarki, uas kuj muaj nws tus kheej zoo kawg li keeb kwm thiab nws cov attractions. Tarki tau hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th. Ces nws yog ib lub zos me me. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, nws tau los ua lub peev ntawm Shamkhalate ntawm Tarkovsky. Thaum lub sij hawm Persian phiaj los nqis tes ntawm Peter lub Great, Tarki tau suav hais tias yog lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv Dagestan. Qhov chaw thaj chaw ntawm Makhachkala yog amazing. Nws sawv ntsug ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian, uas tsis khov rau lub caij ntuj no, tsis deb ntawm cov roob ntawm Greater Caucasus. Ib me ntsis ntxiv raws ntug dej hiav txwv yog lub nroog Kaspiysk, thiab sab hauv los ntawm hiav txwv -Leninkent.

Administration of Makhachkala

Lub nroog Makhachkala
Lub nroog Makhachkala

Lub peev ntawm Dagestan tau muab faib ua peb cheeb tsam: Leninsky, Kirovsky thiab Sovetsky. Leninsky nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog. Muaj ntau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm no - lub npe ntawm Imam Shamil, A. Sultan, Peter the Great, Gamidov. Tsis tas li ntawm no yog Peter lub Great Square nrog Dragon kev lom zem ua si rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Leninsky koog tsev kawm ntawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub pas dej zoo nkauj thiab ob lub tsev so niaj hnub "Ak-Gel" thiab "Petrovsk". Muaj ntau lub khw thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm no. Lub tshav dav hlau Makhachkala kuj tseem nyob hauv cheeb tsam Leninsky.

Lub nroog centre belongs rau cheeb tsam Soviet. Ntawm nws thaj chaw muaj Mount Tarki-Tau, keeb kwm ntawm Makhachkala thiab Juma mosque nto moo. Ntawm no yog lub central railway. Chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau thiab Makhachkala lighthouse.

Kirovskiy koog tsev kawm ntawv yog thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws. Hauv nws chav haujlwm yog sab qaum teb ntawm Makhachkala thiab ntau thaj chaw, mus txog cov kob nto moo ntawm Chechen.

City Water Basin

Foto Makhachkala
Foto Makhachkala

Lub peev ntawm Dagestan muaj npe nrov rau nws cov peev txheej ntuj tsim. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog muaj peb lub pas dej zoo nkauj txawv txawv. Nyob rau hauv Kirovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, Vuzovskoye Lake, me ntsis elongated nyob rau hauv cov duab, splashes. Ntawm nws cov tsev txhab nyiaj, lub microdistrict ntawm tib lub npe nrog cov kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub raug tsim. Hauv cheeb tsam Leninsky, tsis deb ntawm hiav txwv, muaj lub pas dej loj loj Ak-Gol. Nws yog lub npe hu rau nws cov duab sib npaug thiab qhov chaw ua si lom zem nyob rau ntawm ntug dej. Ib me ntsis sab qaum tebmuaj ib lub pas dej me me nrog cov av nkos kho. Kev tsav tsheb 20 feeb los ntawm Makhachkala yog lub nroog ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Kaspiysk, ntawm ciam teb uas muaj ob lub pas dej zoo nkauj - Loj thiab Me Turali. Thaj chaw ntawm Makhachkala hla los ntawm ob tus dej - Tarnair thiab Talginka (lub npe thib ob yog Cherkes-Ozen). Cov embankments zoo nkauj tau ua rau ntawm lawv lub tsev txhab nyiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub nroog muaj ib tug txiv neej ua tus dej - ib tug kwj dej muaj npe tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig.

Climatic tej yam kev mob

Lub peev ntawm Dagestan Makhachkala
Lub peev ntawm Dagestan Makhachkala

Lub peev ntawm Dagestan, lub nroog Makhachkala, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntuj nrog ib tug temperate continental huab cua. Lub caij ntuj sov sov ntawm no, nrog huab cua nruab nrab ntawm +24 degrees, thiab dej - +22 degrees. Hauv qee lub xyoo, huab cua kub txij lub Tsib Hlis mus txog Lub Kaum Hli tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv + 30 … + 38 degrees. Kuj tseem muaj lub caij txias tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog, thaum lub caij ntuj sov kub tsis nce siab tshaj +10 degrees. Lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv Makhachkala yog me ntsis txias, nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus huab cua kub ntawm -2 degrees. Lub caij ntuj no txias tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv cheeb tsam. Yog li, qhov ntsuas kub qis tshaj plaws ntawm lub caij ntuj no yog nyob ntawm -26 degrees Celsius. Cov dej nag hauv Makhachkala feem ntau ntog sib npaug thoob plaws xyoo. Tsuas yog lub Xya Hli thiab Lub Yim Hli lawv tus lej tsawg dua me ntsis hauv lub sijhawm so. Cov cua hauv cheeb tsam no kuj yog nruab nrab. Lawv qhov nruab nrab ceev tsuas yog li 4 meters ib ob. Qhov sib thooj ntawm lub roob tsim tsis zoo heev seismic tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv Makhachkala. Av qeeg loj tshaj plaws ntawm no yog xyoo 1970.

Kev thauj mus los

Dagestan koom pheej lub peev
Dagestan koom pheej lub peev

suav nrogRussia lub Dagestan yog ib lub koom pheej. Lub peev ntawm no autonomous territorial unit - Makhachkala - muaj huab cua thiab kev tsheb nqaj hlau txuas nrog lub nroog loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Los ntawm tshav dav hlau Makhachkala koj tuaj yeem ya mus rau Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Sochi thiab lwm lub nroog. International flights yog nqa tawm mus rau Dubai, Istanbul, Baku, Bishkek. Railway thauj mus rau Makhachkala nrog Moscow, St. Petersburg, Astrakhan. Ntxiv rau cov tsheb ciav hlau ntev, muaj kev pabcuam thauj mus rau Derbent thiab Khasavyurt. Makhachkala muaj chaw nres nkoj lag luam thiab ob lub chaw nres tsheb npav. Lub nroog kev thauj mus los yog sawv cev los ntawm trolleybuses thiab cov tsheb tavxij taag.

museums

Lub peev ntawm Dagestan, Makhachkala, kho nws keeb kwm nrog kev saib xyuas. Lub nroog muaj Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tub Rog Lub Hwj Chim ntawm Dagestan, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Republic, uas tam sim no tau rov ua dua tshiab nrog cov khoom pov thawj tshiab, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm thiab Architectural. Nws nthuav tawm 150,000 cov khoom pov thawj, ntawm cov uas yog cov ntaub ntawv qub, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev thiab archaeological excavations. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Makhachkala nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 2nd. Txog rau tam sim no, lub nroog tau ntsib kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim thiab kev nom kev tswv ntau dua ib zaug. Lawv cov lus tim khawv tuaj yeem pom hauv tsev cia puav pheej, suav tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Dagestan Aul, nyob hauv plawv nroog, yog qhov txaus siab heev. Ntawm no yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm Dagestanis, sab hauv ntawm lawv lub tsev nyob rau hauv txawv eras, khaub ncaws, riam phom. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej yau tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog hauv Makhachkala. Nws yog qhov nthuav vim nws tau tsim los ntawm peb tus kheejcov neeg hauv nroog. Lawv pub nyiaj rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom pov thawj.

Yuav luag nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog muaj lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej - Fine Arts. Ntawm no yog ib qho kev sau tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua, suav tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

kev lom zem

Juma Mosque hauv Makhachkala
Juma Mosque hauv Makhachkala

Ntxiv rau cov tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb, Makhachkala muaj ntau lub monuments, cov chaw ua si zoo, qhov chaw nkaum thiab cov squares. Ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb square, tag nrho cov neeg tuaj xyuas tau txais tos los ntawm ib lub monument rau Makhach Dakhadaev. Cov neeg ntawm Makhachkala kuj immortalized lub cim xeeb ntawm tsib lub ntiaj teb no champion Ali Aliyev. Lub monument rau tus kws qhia ntawv Lavxias yog qhov txaus siab ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Lub ntxa ntawm Rasul Gamzatov nyob rau hauv Makhachkala. Nws muab faus rau ntawm nws tus poj niam Patimat.

Ib qho chaw nto moo tshaj plaws yog Central Juma Mosque. Nyob rau hauv Makhachkala, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau mus xyuas. Juma tau tsim nyob rau hauv style ntawm Blue Mosque hauv Istanbul. Txhua xyoo nws nce nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nws geometric proportions thiab aesthetic sib haum xeeb yog khaws cia. Peb lub mosques ntxiv nyob hauv Tarki. Ib me ntsis siab dua yog keeb kwm fortress Burnaya. Tus Vaj Ntsuj Dormition Cathedral ua haujlwm hauv Makhachkala rau cov ntseeg Orthodox.

Theatres

Ua yeeb yam hauv Makhachkala
Ua yeeb yam hauv Makhachkala

Lub peev ntawm Dagestan tuaj yeem raug hu ua lub nroog uas muaj peev xwm muaj tswv yim zoo.

Kev ua yeeb yam hauv Makhachkala yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm cov pej xeem thiab ib txwm nyiam cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Ua Yeeb Yam Gorky yog thawj zaug tsim hauv nroog. Nws tshwm sim thaum kaj ntug ntawm lub Soviettub ceev xwm - nyob rau hauv 1926. Tau ntau xyoo, kev ua yeeb yam nto moo hauv ntiaj teb tau ua tiav ntawm no, cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo tau ua haujlwm. Musical Drama Theatre. Tsadasy tau tsim nyob rau hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Khunzak. Txij li thaum xyoo 1968 nws tau nyob hauv Makhachkala. Ntxiv rau Avar, lub nroog muaj Kumyk Musical Drama Theatre muaj npe tom qab. Salavatov, Laksky Music thiab Drama Theatre. Kapiev, puppet theatre, opera thiab ballet, "Jislam" - nkauj ua yeeb yam.

sanatoriums

Zoo nkauj heev thiab txaus siab rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws lub nroog Makhachkala. Cov duab ntawm nws qhov kev pom, txoj kev thiab squares qhia meej qhov no. Nws kuj yog nto moo rau nws cov chaw kho mob. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub sanatorium "Talgi". Nws nyob ntawm 15 feeb tsav los ntawm Makhachkala, nyob rau hauv lub hav zoo nkauj Talginskaya, ze Mount Kukur. Cov neeg so nyob ntawm no tab tom tos cov tsev niaj hnub, qhov chaw kho mob zoo tshaj plaws thiab kuaj mob, ua tib zoo mloog thiab tos txais cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov kab mob musculoskeletal, paj hlwb, daim tawv nqaij thiab kab mob gynecological tau kho hauv Talgi.

Kwv yees li ib nrab teev tsav ntawm Makhachkala yog lub sanatorium "Kaspiy". Nws cov vaj tse raug tsim nyob hauv hav zoov, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian. Cov huab cua curative hav zoov, cov dej kho mob ntawm lub hiav txwv Caspian thiab lub zog tej yam yees siv ntawm lub roob zoo kawg nkaus ua ke ntawm no. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv Makhachkala muaj sanatoriums "Dagestan", "Tarnair" thiab ob lub chaw kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv rau menyuam yaus.

Pom zoo: