Strasbourg Cathedral hauv Fabkis: tshuaj xyuas, piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab qhov tseeb nthuav

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Goethe hu nws "tus ntoo siab ntawm Vajtswv", thiab Victor Hugo - "ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb loj heev". Tag nrho cov poetic epithets no piav txog lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Strasbourg, lub nroog Fabkis ciam teb rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tau ob centuries lub tsev no yog siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lub spire ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tuaj yeem pom deb dhau Strasbourg. Nws silhouette tiv thaiv reddening pre-sunset ntuj yog lub cim ntawm lub nroog. Lub spire pom txawm los ntawm lwm sab ntawm Rhine, nrog rau cov ciam teb niaj hnub no. Yog li ntawd, Strasbourg Cathedral nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog suav hais tias yuav luag lawv tus kheej (saib rau hauv tus account keeb kwm ntawm Alsace thiab Lorraine). Lub tsev teev ntuj no yog ob qho tib si majestic thiab elegant. Txawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, lub sijhawm ntawm skyscrapers, Strasbourg's Notre Dame yog lub tuam tsev thib rau siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tseem tuav cov hlau lead ua lub tsev loj tshaj plaws ua los ntawm cov pob zeb luv luv li sandstone. Cia peb mus ncig ua si ntawm lub tuam tsev gothic tshwj xeeb no.

Yuav mus rau Strasbourg Cathedral

Nrhiav cov qauv no tsis yooj yim - tus pej thuam 142-meter pom los ntawm qhov deb. Tab sis qhov chaw ntawm Strasbourg tau ua rau ntawm ib lub koog pov txwv uas nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm tus dej Ile. Cov tsev tuab tuab ib nrab ntoo nrog cov balconies overhanging raws txoj kev nqaim medieval thaiv qhov pom. Muaj ntau qhov kev nthuav dav nyob ib puag ncig uas nws yog txoj cai tsis nco qab qhov twg koj xav tuaj. Strasbourg Cathedral tam sim ntawd tshwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob nyob rau hauv lub nqaim qhib ntawm Rue Mercier. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau nws los ntawm kev hla tus choj raws Vieux March Aux Poisson (ze rau Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm). Los ntawm txoj hauj lwm no, coj ib daim duab ntawm nws. Yog tias koj los ze zog, koj tuaj yeem ntes tau tsuas yog tawg ntawm lub facades, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho cov zoo nkauj loj heev. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau sab xis ntawm txoj kev Mercier muaj ib lub tsev qub ib nrab ntoo ntawm Kammerzell (XV caug xyoo), dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab puab - tam sim no muaj lub khw muag khoom plig loj.

Strasbourg Cathedral: Keeb Kwm

Modern Alsace yog ib feem ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws loj. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias lub tuam tsev pagan sawv hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Gallic thaj chaw Argentoratum. Ntau tom qab, Strasbourg tau txais nws lub npe niaj hnub los ntawm ob lo lus German: "strasse" - txoj kev thiab "burg" - lub tsev fuabtais lossis lub nroog muaj zog. Thaum cov ntseeg tau los ua kev ntseeg tseem ceeb, lub tuam tsev pagan raug rhuav tshem thiab ua lub tsev teev ntuj hauv nws qhov chaw. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo 1000, cov pejxeem ntawm "Lub Nroog ntawm Txoj Kev" tau nce ntau heev uas qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim rau lub tsev teev ntuj. Thawj lub pob zeb tau muab tso los ntawm tus npis sovWerner ntawm Habsburg hauv 1015. Lawm, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev npaj, nws yog ib tug raug Romanesque cathedral. Qhov hluav taws kub hauv xyoo 1176 tau rhuav tshem lub ru tsev ntoo thiab cov plag tsev sab saud. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm pob zeb. Nws tau coj los ntawm lub roob ze tshaj plaws - lub Vosges. Lub sandstone no muaj cov khoom zoo kawg nkaus ntawm ci liab ntawm hnub poob lossis hnub tuaj.

Strasbourg Cathedral (Fabkis) thiab episcopal vanity

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua kaum peb, gothic yog nyob rau hauv vogue. Lub nroog ntawm Western Europe tau sib tw ntawm lawv tus kheej uas yuav tsim lub tsev siab tshaj plaws, loj tshaj plaws thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Vajtswv. Tus npis sov ntawm Strasbourg tau haunted los ntawm laurels ntawm nws Basel, Ulm thiab Cologne cov npoj yaig. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis muaj nuj nqis los ntiav cov kws tshaj lij tshaj lij (thiab them nyiaj ntau) los tsim nws lub tsev teev ntuj. Tau kawg, nws tsis tau tos txog qhov kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab tsis pom qhov kev tsim majestic. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus npis sov, kev tsim kho tau them nyiaj los ntawm lub nroog - consuls thiab cov pej xeem zoo tib yam. Thiab yog li ntawd nws tau tshwm sim tias sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb portals, nrog rau cov hu nkauj, tau ua nyob rau hauv Romanesque style, thiab sab hnub poob nrog rau sab qaum teb pej thuam yog nyob rau hauv Gothic style. Los ntawm txoj kev, txoj kev npaj muab rau kev tsim kho ntawm nws ib tug, yav qab teb, spire. Tab sis lub nroog tsuas tsis muaj sijhawm txaus rau nws. Lub asymmetrical tsim kuj ua rau nws txawv. Thiab 142-meter sab qaum teb pej thuam tsuas yog ua tiav hauv 1439.

West facade

Cia tsis maj mus rau hauv. Ib qho kev ua yeeb yam tsis sib xws ntawm txhua tus neeg ncig tebchaws yog kev ncig ua si thiab xav txog ntawm lub tsev majestic. Strasbourg Cathedral nyob rau Fabkisnto moo rau nws western facade. Qhov no yog ib tug tiag tiag masterpiece ntawm siab gothic. Ib tug ntawm cov architects yog Erwin von Steinbach. Nws tsim lub sab hnub poob façade nyob rau hauv 1284, nrog ib txhiab sculptures thiab ib tug elegant rosette qhov rais. Thaum tsis muaj nyiaj txaus rau kev tsim kho, tus kws kes duab vajtse muag nws tus nees thiab pub nyiaj rau qhov xav tau. Nyob rau hauv lub kaum plaub caug xyoo, Ulrich von Ensingen, tus tsim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Ulm, tau los ua lub ntsiab architect. Thiab lub npe nrov North Ntauwd tau ua tiav los ntawm Johann Hultz, tus tswv ntawm Cologne. Ntau txhiab pob zeb sculptures thiab ornaments uas adorn lub sab hnub poob facade ntawm lub Strasbourg Cathedral muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv medieval Gothic. Cov iav zoo nkauj zoo nkauj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws saib los ntawm sab hauv. Lawv tau raug coj los ntawm Nazis thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg, tab sis tom qab ntawd tsoomfwv German tau rov qab los nrog lawv nrog cov ntaub nplaum thiab cov duab raug nyiag.

South traverse facade

Strasbourg Cathedral yog tsim nyog mus ncig nws tag nrho. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub siab spire thiab sab hnub poob facade nplua nuj nrog sculptures uas nyiam mloog. Sab qab teb traverse nrog rau kev nkag kuj tseem nthuav heev. Nws yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tsis muaj npe nrov sculptural pawg "Church thiab Synagogue". Thaum lub sij hawm crusade tawm tsam Albigensians, zaj dab neeg no tau rov xav tias yog kev tawm tsam ntawm Roman Papacy nrog cov ntseeg tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov gargoyles, uas ua haujlwm los nag gutters, zoo li hais tias: "Tsis muaj kev cawmdim sab nraum lub Koom Txoos Catholic." Nyob rau hauv lub Gothic facade ntawm triple portal ntawm lub ntsiab nkag, peb pom lub scene ntawm adoration ntawm Magi. Muaj cov sculptures ntawm cov yaj saub ntawm Phau Qub thiab cov martyrs ntawm Tshiab. Allegorical cov duab qhia txog kev txhaum thiabKev tsim txiaj.

Sab hauv qhov tseem ceeb

Thiab tam sim no cia peb mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim kev nkag mus rau nws dawb. Strasbourg Cathedral tseem ua nws txoj haujlwm ua lub tuam tsev ua haujlwm, yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm kev pabcuam, kev nkag mus rau nws tsuas yog txwv rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Sab hauv lub tsev teev ntuj yog dai kom zoo nkauj tsis muaj tsawg luxuriously tshaj sab nraud. Nws yog qhov zoo los tuaj ntawm no hnub tshav ntuj - tom qab ntawd lub qhov rais stained iav zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Dab tsi yuav tsis nco hauv Strasbourg Cathedral? Qhov no yog ib qho kev cai raus dej font tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub kaum tsib caug xyoo los ntawm tus sculptor Dotzinger. Tapestries, paintings ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev kawm, ib tug laus lub cev nyiam mloog. Lub tsev teev ntuj zoo nkauj heev, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau tus mlom uas yog tus chisel ntawm Hans Hammer. Tseem yuav tau saib mus rau hauv qhov txwv ntawm St. Lawrence thiab pom cov duab los ntawm Nicolas Raeder (nyob rau sab qaum teb transept).

Tower

Nco ntsoov nce lub spire uas crowns Strasbourg Cathedral. Strasbourg los ntawm lub lawj saib - ntawm ib nrais muag. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem pom qee cov duab puab thiab gargoyles ze ze. Yog hais tias nws yuav nyuaj rau nce lub nqaim nqaim staircase, nco ntsoov: cov kauj ruam no tau kov yeej los ntawm Stendhal thiab Goethe. Thiab qhov kawg tau ua nws txhua hnub thaum nws kawm hauv University of Strasbourg. Yog li ntawd, nws raug kho los ntawm phobia ntawm qhov siab. Qhov no spire mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 8th (kom txog rau thaum lub Cologne Cathedral tiav) tseem yog tus qauv siab tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas thaum lub sij hawm Fabkis Revolution lawv xav ua kom puas lub tswb pej thuam. Hais tias, nws leveled lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib npaug. Tab sis cov neeg hauv zos tau dai nwsPhrygian cap (lub cim ntawm kev ywj pheej), thiab lub tswv yim siv zog ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam raug tshem tawm. Nkag mus rau lub pej thuam yog them: 4.5 euros rau ib tug neeg laus thiab 2.5 rau menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Astronomical moos

Yog tias koj yuav daim pib rau North Tower, koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib cov nkauj hu nkauj uas mus raws qib siab ntawm tag nrho lub tsev teev ntuj. Qhov no yuav muab lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb rau koj los saib ze dua ntawm cov iav qhov rais thiab zoo nkauj Gothic rosettes. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev muaj lwm qhov chaw them nyiaj rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Qhov no yog lub moos astronomical ntawm Strasbourg Cathedral. Qhov thib peb chronometer tau txhim kho thiab ntsia hauv xyoo 1832. Ua ntej nws, moos nrog lub hnub qub ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm ncaj ncees rau lub nroog txij li xyoo 1574. Thawj chronometer tau hais txij li xyoo 1353. Dab tsi yog qhov nthuav txog Strasbourg Cathedral moos? Lub complex mechanism qhia lub orbits ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub hli, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov ntiaj chaw paub nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau Xyoo Tshiab Eve, lub moos ua ib tug tag nrho lem thiab qhia cov hnub uas lub "floating" Catholic hnub caiv (Easter, Ascension, Pentecost) poob. Lub iav ntawm lub tshuab, uas tig qhov qeeb tshaj plaws, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txiav txim siab qhov precession ntawm lub ntiaj teb axis. Nws yuav ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv tiav (yog tias, tau kawg, lub chronometer ciaj sia) hauv nees nkaum tsib txhiab yim puas xyoo.

Events

Strasbourg Cathedral yeej ib txwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej hauv nroog. Tsis yog liturgies tuav ntawm no xwb. Hnub Sunday sawv ntxov, koj tuaj yeem mloog Gregorian Chapel hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Heev feem ntau, lub cev concerts yog muaj nyob rau ntawm no, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug laus, nplua nuj khoom dai kom zoo nkauj yog koom nrog. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus rau Strasbourg thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Ua ntej, huab cua yog qhov zoo rau kev taug kev thiab caij nkoj raws cov kwj dej ntawm cov nkoj. Thaum lub caij txias, lawv kuj ply, tab sis lawv sab saum toj yog glazed. Raws li ib qho ntxiv, cov neeg tuaj ncig lub caij ntuj sov tau muab lub sijhawm los saib qhov pom zoo nkauj. Ntau qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj tau tuav txhua hmo ntawm lub xwmfab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Ntau lub teeb tsom teeb ci ntsa iab ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev majestic nyob rau lub sijhawm nrog cov suab paj nruag, ua rau cov mlom ntawm cov façade zoo li tuaj txog.

Lub nroog thiab nws cov attractions

Strasbourg Cathedral yog ib yam ntawm cov tseem ceeb. Tab sis cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv nroog tsis txwv rau nws. Tau kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib paub nrog Strasbourg los ntawm nws lub tsev teev ntuj. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tshwj xeeb yog pom zoo kom tsis txhob tub nkeeg dhau lawm thiab nce tus pej thuam. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj pom qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua txoj hauv kev rau kev mus ncig ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog mus xyuas Npis Sov Palace, Petite France quarter, Alsace Tsev khaws puav pheej. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias European Lub Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Cai tseem nyob hauv Strasbourg. Lub tsev tshiab tshaj plaws no tsis nyob hauv plawv nroog thiab zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm tram. Cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas xyuas tau pom zoo, tsis hais lub caij twg los xij, kom caij nkoj mus ncig ntawm Ile River nrog lawv cov xauv ntau.