Ntau tshaj 80 xyoo tau dhau los txij li qhib thawj qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Moscow (Tsib Hlis 1935). Txhua xyoo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv av no nce ntxiv. Ntau thiab ntau tus neeg nyiam txoj kev thauj mus los hauv av, uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau thiab cov tsheb thauj mus tas li ntawm txoj kev.
Moscow metro zoo li lub nroog hauv av, lossis lub nroog zoo li. Ntawm no, txhua qhov chaw nres tsheb muaj nws cov keeb kwm tshwj xeeb, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv tau txais lawv cov npe los ntawm cov npe ntawm txoj kev thiab lwm yam khoom nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub metro.
Cov kab lus muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb qub tshaj plaws - Lenin Library.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog Moscow Metro
Moscow metro yog ib qho ntawm cov ntseeg siab tshaj plaws, xis nyob thiab zoo nkauj hauv ntiaj teb. Ntau tshaj li plaub caug ntawm nws cov chaw nres tsheb muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm architectural masterpieces. Lawv yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm kab lis kev cai hauv ib cheeb tsam.
keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau sib txuas nrog ntau yam xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws. Tshwj xeeb yog zookoj tuaj yeem hnov nws thaum taug kev los ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb nrog cov lus qhia uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho, hais txog cov cim muaj nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus tam sim no hauv kev tsim cov chav.
Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw nres tsheb metro yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv lawv txoj kev. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau xav zoo ob qho tib si hauv cov ntsiab lus technical thiab engineering, thiab hauv kev kos duab thiab kho kom zoo nkauj.
chaw nres tsheb metro "Library muaj npe tom qab Lenin"
Thaum pib, qhov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum yog ib lub monument loj heev hauv av uas tau mob siab rau tus thawj coj proletarian V. I. Lenin. Nws qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm Kropotkinskaya thiab Okhotny Ryad.
Qhov chaw nres tsheb no yog thawj zaug ntawm ib leeg-vaulted sawv daws nyob hauv Moscow metro. Nws lub tsev hauv av nyob hauv qab Mokhovaya Street. Cov vestibules mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm tib lub npe ua ntej (lub npe tam sim no yog lub tsev qiv ntawv Lavxias teb sab). Qhov project ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo AI Gontskevich.
Tus tsim ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb no yog ntiav (tsuas yog 12 meters tob). Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kho yog roob, qhov kawg ntawm lub hauv paus yog monolithic pob zeb. Lub boarding Hall yog them nrog ib tug vault, tshaj qhov thickness ntawm cov av tsuas yog 2 - 3.5 meters. Qhov chaw nres tsheb yog 160 meters ntev.
Administratively, qhov chaw nres tsheb yog nyob rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub Tverskoy District (Central District ntawm Moscow).
me ntsis ntawm kev tsim kho keeb kwm
Kev hloov mus rau Ulitsa Kominterna metro chaw nres tsheb (lub npe niaj hnub no yog Aleksandrovsky Sad) tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1937. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub chaw nres tsheb metroLub tsev qiv ntawv Lenin (duab yog nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm) tau los ua ib qho ntawm thawj 2 qhov kev sib tshuam hauv Moscow Metro. Txoj kev hla ntawd tau tsim kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1946, thiab lub tsev nkag thiab lub nce toj taug kev los ntawm chaw nres tsheb Arbatskaya tau ua tiav xyoo 1953.
Tom qab qhib tom ntej hauv xyoo 1958 ntawm chaw nres tsheb, hu ua lub sijhawm ntawd "Kalininskaya" (lub npe niaj hnub "Alexander Garden"), kev hloov pauv rau nws kuj tau kho. Lub qub vestibule sab hnub tuaj tau raug rhuav tshem hauv xyoo 1960 thiab ib qho tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug network ntawm underground passages twb tsim. Lawv pib coj cov neeg caij tsheb mus rau Alexander Garden thiab mus rau lub rooj nyiaj ntsuab ntawm Kremlin Palace. Ib tug choj kuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev, ua rau cov nqe lus mus rau lub Alexandrovsky Sad thiab Arbatskaya chaw nres tsheb. Nyob rau sab hnub poob vestibule ntawm Lenin Library metro chaw nres tsheb, ib qho chaw nkag thiab chaw nres tsheb Borovitskaya tshiab tau tsim hauv xyoo 1984.
Kho kom zoo nkauj thiab ua tiav
Cov phab ntsa ua tiav nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic thiab daj marble. Thaum pib, thaum lub sijhawm qhib qhov chaw nres tsheb, cov plag tsev ntawm lub hauv paus tsev tau them nrog parquet. Tom qab ntawd cov txheej tau ua nrog asph alt, thiab tom qab ntawd cov plag tsev tau ua los ntawm grey granite. Lub koov ntawm lub tsev, illuminated los ntawm round teeb, yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug cellular qauv.
Lub tsev nkag sab hnub tuaj yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm V. I. Lenin (mosaic), ua rau xyoo 70s los ntawm tus kws kos duab G. I. Opryshko.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv ob sab phlu koj tuaj yeem pom cov pob txha pob txha thaum ub, uas nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv scientific Kev lom zem.mineralogy” sau A. E. Fersman (Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab mineralogist). Nws tau sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv Crimean marble ntawm reddish xim, ib tug tuaj yeem pom cov fossilized seem ntawm plhaub thiab qwj. Lawv sawv cev rau qhov seem ntawm lub neej ntawm cov dej hiav txwv yav qab teb tshaj plaws, cov dej uas ib zaug, ntau lab xyoo dhau los, npog thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho Caucasus thiab Crimea.
Nyob thiab hloov pauv
Moscow metro chaw nres tsheb "Library npe tom qab Lenin" - hloov mus rau cov chaw hauv qab no:
- Arbatskaya (Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya kab);
- Aleksandrovsky Garden (Filevskaya kab);
- Borovitskaya (Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya kab).
Yooj yim heev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev hloov tsheb metro chaw nres tsheb "Library npe tom qab Lenin". Kev tawm mus thiab kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab ntau heev. Kev hloov mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb Arbatskaya yog ua los ntawm lub tsev sab hnub tuaj, thiab los ntawm cov ntaiv nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, koj tuaj yeem mus rau Aleksandrovsky Sad metro chaw nres tsheb, nrog rau kev nkag mus rau hauv av thiab hauv av ua ke vestibules ntawm Lenin Library thiab Aleksandrovsky Garden. Lub tsev nkag sab hnub poob txuas nrog lub chaw tos txais hauv av ze ntawm RGM lub tsev thiab nrog chaw nres tsheb Borovitskaya. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov vestibules uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm qhov chaw hloov chaw no raug xa mus rau lub vestibules ntawm Lenin Library metro chaw nres tsheb.
chaw nres tsheb ib puag ncig
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow yog nyob hauv plawv nroog. Yuav mus li cas? Los ntawm metro chaw nres tsheb "Library npe tom qab Lenin" mus raucov chaw keeb kwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog ze heev.
Tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb metro, koj tuaj yeem mus saib cov kev nyiam hauv qab no:
- RSL (library).
- Alexander Garden, nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Kremlin.
- Kremlin yog lub ntsiab attraction ntawm lub peev, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob.
- Red Square (kwv yees li 600 meters ntawm metro).
- St. Basil's Cathedral - lub tsev teev ntuj nto moo ntawm Moscow (kwv yees li 100 meters los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb).
- Lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, nyob ntawm Red Square (kwv yees li 500 meters los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb metro).
- Kremlin embankment.
Nyob rau hauv xaus txog qhov tseeb nthuav
Lub subway yog qhov chaw uas muaj kev paub tsis meej, lus xaiv thiab dab neeg.
Nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Moscow metro chaw nres tsheb "Biblioteka im. Lenin” ntawm ob tsab ntawv “B” muaj 2 qhov txawv txawv ntawm qhov tsis paub keeb kwm. Lawv qhov tsos yog piav qhia los ntawm ob zaj dab neeg (feem ntau yuav yog, lawv nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm nroog legends). Ib tug ntawm lawv qhia tias txog 20 xyoo dhau los, thaum hmo ntuj ua ntej lub subway kaw, muaj qee yam kev tua ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Zaj dab neeg thib ob hais tias cov "autographs" no tau tso tseg los ntawm ob tus neeg kho qaug cawv uas sim tsav dowels rau hauv cov ntawv no ntawm kev twv.
Feem ntau, lub subway nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Russia tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm tsar, txij li thawj cov haujlwm hnub rov qab mus rau 1890. Kev tsim kho ntawm ib qho khoom siv nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd raug tiv thaivtxiv plig. Nws tau ua ib nqe lus hais tias tus neeg uas raug tsim nyob rau hauv Vajtswv tus yam ntxwv thiab zoo li, nqis los rau hauv lub ntiajteb sab hauv, tuaj yeem txo hwj chim nws tus kheej.
