Spratly Islands: yees duab, keeb kwm, koom nrog, ua si. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Spratly Islands (1988)

Cov txheej txheem:

Spratly Islands: yees duab, keeb kwm, koom nrog, ua si. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Spratly Islands (1988)
Spratly Islands: yees duab, keeb kwm, koom nrog, ua si. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Spratly Islands (1988)
Anonim

Cov Islands tuaj ntawm Spratly yog ib lub archipelago me me nyob rau sab South China Sea. Lawv tau ntev ua ib qho kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm ntau lub xeev sim los tswj hwm lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov chaw zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tau dhau los ua qhov kev tawm tsam, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ntau lub xeev.

geolocation

Muaj ntau dua 400 pob zeb sib txawv, pob zeb reefs thiab lwm yam tsim nyob rau hauv South Tuam Tshoj Hiav Txwv, uas muaj txog 200 yog ib feem ntawm Spratly archipelago. Tag nrho cov Islands tuaj yog keeb kwm ntawm coral. Lawv qis thiab me me. Qhov siab saum toj no hiav txwv theem tsis ntau tshaj 6 meters. Thaum cov Islands tuaj no hu ua Coral Islands.

spratly Islands tuaj
spratly Islands tuaj

Lub Spartly Islands nyob rau hauv South China Sea. Lub hiav txwv no yog ib qho chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, nyob nruab nrab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Asia, Indochinese Peninsula thiab Malacca, nyob ze cov Islands tuaj ntawm Sumatra, Kalimantan, Palawan, Mindoro thiab Taiwan. South China Sea yog nplua nuj nyob hauv cov Islands tuaj. Nyob ze yog ob peb txoj kev ntawm lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws supertankers. Raws li kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv, loj reserves ntawm roj thiab roj yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no. Nws yog lub hiav txwv uas Ameslikas yog ib yam khoom siv, vim nws cov dej ntxuav cov shores ntawm rau lub xeev loj.

Keeb kwm ntawm cov Islands tuaj

Feem ntau ntawm cov Islands tuaj nyob rau hauv lub archipelago yog dej nyab shoals, reefs, rocky cliffs, unsuitable rau tib neeg nyob, nrog rau cov teeb meem loj rau cov nkoj. Tab sis hais txog kev tawm tsam thiab kev nom kev tswv, cov Islands tuaj me me no tseem ceeb heev nyob rau theem thoob ntiaj teb. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv cov khoom tso cai rau lub xeev cov tswv los thov tsis yog tsuas yog cov Islands tuaj ntawm lawv tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov chaw dej nyob ib sab, suav nrog cov peev txheej. Txog thaum kawg ntawm 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau cov pob zeb reefs thiab Islands tuaj.

spratly Islands duab
spratly Islands duab

Thaj chaw ntawm Spratly Islands yog thaj tsam ntawm 180 txhiab square kilometers. Nrog xws li ib cheeb tsam, thaj av nws tus kheej tsuas yog me ntsis tshaj 10 square meters. kilometers, nrog rau cov formations ib ntus tshwm sim saum hiav txwv nto. Lub Spratly Islands nyob, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm, 500 mais sab qab teb ntawm Paracel archipelago. Lawv tus lej tsis tas li, nws tag nrho nyob ntawm huab cua thiab lub sijhawm ntawm cov dej ntws tsawg. Tag nrho cov tsim tau tawg ua ke nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug arc yuav luag 1 txhiab kilometers ntev.

thaj tsam ntawm spratly Islands
thaj tsam ntawm spratly Islands

Lawv deb ntawm "mainland":

  • Kalimantan – 30 km.
  • Palawan - 60 km.
  • Nyab Laj hiav txwv Cam Ranh - 460 km.
  • Suav Hainan Island - 970km.

History Pages

keeb kwm ntawm Spratly Islands yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • Nyob rau xyoo 59 AD, thawj qhov hais los ntawm Suav keeb kwm ntawm cov Islands tuaj, uas tom qab ntawd tau paub txog cov neeg nyob hauv Han Dynasty, tau ua tiav.
  • Nws tsis yog txog 1211 uas lub koog pov txwv tau sau thawj zaug rau hauv daim duab qhia ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
  • Nyob rau xyoo 1405, tus nto moo Suav navigator Zheng He tau mus txog thiab mus xyuas ntau lub tebchaws.
  • Xyoo 1478, lub nkoj nqa khoom plooj (porcelain) tau tawg rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov kob.
  • Nyob rau xyoo 1530, tus navigator Alvarez De Diegos raug xa los ntawm Albuquerca mus nrhiav txoj hauv kev Suav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws mus xyuas cov Islands tuaj sab hnub poob ntawm lub archipelago.
  • Nyob hauv thaj chaw dej no xyoo 1606, tus neeg Mev Andreas de Pessora hu lub koog pov txwv nws nrhiav pom - Santa Esmeralda Pecuena. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov atolls ntawm Spratly archipelago.
  • Nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, nyob rau hauv "Daim Ntawv Qhia Ntawm Txoj Kev mus rau yav Qab Teb Av", Do Wa hais txog Spratly Islands, hu ua "Dej Sands", uas yog nyob rau hauv Suav xeev Quangigai. Tom qab ntawd, tus kav Nguyen dynasty pib xa 18 lub nkoj mus rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov Islands tuaj txhua xyoo.
  • Raws li Suav cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv sau hnub tim 1710 tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm Spratly Island raws li Suav muaj. Tib lub sijhawm, lub tuam tsev me me East Cay tab tom ua rau ntawm North Island.
  • Hauv xyoo 1714, peb lub nkoj Dutch tau tawg tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Spratly. Pab neeg no cawm tau los ntawm cov neeg nuv ntses Nyab Laj. Cov Dutch tau nthuav tawm rau huab tais thiab xa mus tsev.
  • Nguyen Dynasty Emperor pom zoo "Hoang Sha Company" siv cov Islands tuajdej ntawm South China Sea. Cov nkoj uas koom nrog tuaj yeem mus xyuas txhua lub tebchaws 6 zaug hauv ib xyoos.
  • Los ntawm 1730 txog 1735, pirates siv Spratly Islands ua lub hauv paus rau kev tawm tsam ntawm kev hla Dutch, Askiv thiab Portuguese nkoj. Xyoo 1735, cov neeg British rhuav tshem pirate zes nyob rau hauv lub archipelago.
  • Los ntawm 1758 txog 1768, Fabkis tus huab tais Charles Hector Theoda tuaj xyuas Nyab Laj kom siv lub archipelago Spratly rau mooring nws cov nkoj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws pom tias muaj cov tub rog European-cam khwb cia los ntawm cov nkoj uas tau tawg tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov kob.
  • Tus kws sau keeb kwm Le Qui Don xyoo 1784 muab cov lus piav qhia tshiab ntawm Coral Islands.
  • spratly Island affiliation
    spratly Island affiliation
  • Nyob rau xyoo 1786, Generalissimo Tai Son muab qhov kev txiav txim kom pib tshawb xyuas cov Islands tuaj rau kub, nyiaj thiab cov phom loj los ntawm cov nkoj sunken, nrog rau sau cov ntses tsawg thiab vaub kib. 4 lub nkoj tau muab faib rau qhov no.
  • Nyob rau xyoo 1791, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Askiv Henry Spratly pom ntau lub koog pov txwv. Rau lawv nws muab nws lub npe official.
  • Nyob rau xyoo 1798, ntawm ib qho ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm Spratly archipelago, cov neeg Askiv tau teeb tsa lub tsev saib xyuas. Nws cov ruins tseem khaws cia.
  • Xyoo 1816, Emperor Gia Long tau tshaj tawm Nyab Laj txoj kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm Spratly Islands.
  • Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1835 txog 1847, kev hais txog Paracel Islands thiab Spratly Islands tau pom ntau zaus hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov thawj coj Nyab Laj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj pov thawj tias cov Islands tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
  • Xyoo 1847, tus huab tais ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm tsab cai ntawm kev tawm ntawm cov nkoj mus rau thaj av Spratly los tshawb txog thaj chaw.
  • Xyoo 1848, tus vajntxwv Nyab Laj uas kav Nam Ha tsim ib pab tub rog me me los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog txawv tebchaws ntawm cov kob.
  • Fab Kis keeb kwm Dubois de Jansigny hauv xyoo 1850 tau lees paub txog kev tswj hwm ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Nyab Laj hauv cov kob.
  • Nyob rau hauv "Cov Keeb Kwm ntawm Nyab Laj" Nguyen Trong xyoo 1876 hais txog cov Islands tuaj raws li thaj av ntawm lub nceeg vaj.
  • Fab Kis tsim lub teeb pom kev ntawm Amboyna Island xyoo 1887.
  • Tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov koog pov txwv hauv xyoo 1895, ob lub nkoj nrog cov khoom ntawm tooj liab tau tawg. Cov khoom thauj tau tshawb nrhiav thiab tshem tawm los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Hainan Island. Tebchaws Askiv xa tsab ntawv tawm tsam rau Tuam Tshoj tus thawj coj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tau teb tias thaj chaw uas muaj kev sib tsoo tsis yog nyob hauv Suav teb, thiab tsoomfwv Suav tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Spratly Islands.
  • Xyoo 1898, thaum kos npe rau Spanish-American Treaty, cov ciam teb ntawm Philippines tau teev tseg, thaum thaj chaw ntawm Spratly tsis suav nrog.
  • Xyoo 1901, Nyiv tau yuam cov kob ntawm Dongsha, thiab xyoo 1908 tau muag rau Tuam Tshoj.
  • Nyob rau xyoo 1906, "Cov Lus Qhia rau Geography ntawm Tuam Tshoj" tau luam tawm, uas txhais tau meej txog ciam teb ntawm lub tebchaws. Tsis suav nrog Spratly Islands.
  • Lub Rau Hli 1909, tus tswv xeev ntawm Tuam Tshoj xeev Guangdong thiab Guangxi tau xa tub rog nkoj mus rau cov Islands tuaj ntes.
  • Kev ntoj ncig Fabkis xyoo 1925 lees paub tias Paracel Islands yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev Nyab Laj.
  • French on "DeLanessan mus rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Spratly archipelago mus kawm atolls thiab phosphate reserves.
  • Xyoo 1930, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws-General ntawm Indochina, Spratly Islands tau tshaj tawm Fabkis thaj chaw.
  • Xyoo 1933, muaj tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub Islands tuaj hauv South Tuam Tshoj Hiav Txwv, suav nrog Spratly.
  • Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1933, Spratly archipelago tau suav nrog hauv xeev Cochin (Tuam Tshoj). Spratly Island yog lub npe hu ua Nansha.
  • Tus Minister of Foreign Affairs ntawm Nyij Pooj thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1939 tshaj tawm Spratly Islands ua ib thaj chaw Nyij Pooj. Lub Plaub Hlis, Fabkis tawm tsam, tso kev thov rau thaj av.
  • Nyob rau xyoo 1945, Nyiv renounces nws thov rau Spratly. Thiab cov tub rog Suav tab tom tsaws hauv cov koog pov txwv raws li kev ua txhaum ntawm kev tshem riam phom Nyij Pooj.
  • Xyoo 1947, Fab Kis tau tawm tsam thawj zaug rau tsoomfwv Suav txog kev txeeb ntawm Spratly Islands tsis raug cai. Tab sis twb nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis, tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj hais txog kev muab Suav lub npe Xisha thiab Nansha, raws li, rau cov archipelagos ntawm Paracel thiab Spratly kob pawg. Lawv tag nrho suav nrog Suav teb.
  • Xyoo 1950, tsoomfwv Suav cov tub rog tawm hauv cov Islands tuaj, nkaum hauv Taiwan.
  • spratly
    spratly
  • Tsoomfwv Philippine thov cov tswv cuab ntawm cov Islands tuaj xyoo 1951. Tuam Tshoj tawm tsam. Tsoom fwv Nyab Laj ntawm Bao Dai thov nws txoj kev tswj hwm. Tib lub sijhawm, Nyiv tau tso tseg nws cov lus thov.
  • Xyoo 1956 muaj kev nom kev tswv thiab tub rog sib cav sib ceg ntawm Philippines, Tuam Tshoj, Nyab Laj. Fabkis qhia txog nwstxoj cai raug cai rau Spratly Island.
  • Rau lub tebchaws mus txog rau xyoo 1974 tau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog kev ua tswv cuab ntawm cov koog pov txwv. Cov kob sib txawv mus rau txawv xeev.
  • Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1974, thawj qhov kev foob pob ntawm qee lub tebchaws los ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau ua tiav. Tsoom fwv Nyab Laj tig mus rau UN pab. Ces tus Nyab Laj Teb Chaws Nyab Laj tig mus rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas kom pab.
  • Txog xyoo 1988, muaj kev sib tsoo tsawg kawg ntawm kev faib ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov Islands tuaj hauv dej hiav txwv South Tuam Tshoj. Brunei koom nrog kev sib cav hauv xyoo 1984.
  • Xyoo 1988 muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Spratly Islands tau tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyab Laj hauv Johnson Reef cheeb tsam ntawm pawg Spratly Islands. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 70 tus neeg tsav nkoj Nyab Laj tau tuag. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Spratly Islands xyoo 1988 yog qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg thiab kev thov. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog Suav tuag tseem tsis tau tsim.
  • sib ntaus sib tua rau spratly Islands
    sib ntaus sib tua rau spratly Islands
  • Txog xyoo 1996 muaj cov av tsis muaj ntshav. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1996, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua phom loj ntawm Philippine thiab Suav ua rog.
  • Txog tam sim no, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm thaj chaw tsis tau txo qis, tab sis tau hloov mus rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.

kev sib cav sib ceg

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm thaj av, qhov chaw nruab nrab yog Spratly Island, nws nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev, tau ua raws li ntau yam laj thawj, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog:

  • Geopolitical motives.
  • Control hla txoj kev thauj mus los.
  • Nyob hauv cheeb tsam no.
  • nthuav ciam teb thiab thaj chaw lag luam.
  • Masteringtag nrho cov peev txheej ntuj hauv cheeb tsam.

Thiab tib lub sijhawm, tsis yog ib lub xeev uas thov kom lawv npaj yuav ua tiav qhov kev lees paub ntawm txoj cai rau Spratly. Txawm li cas los xij, lub xeev tshiab tau tshwm sim, thov nws qhov kev txaus siab cuam tshuam nrog cov koog pov txwv.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Spratly Islands 1988
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Spratly Islands 1988

Nov yog Teb Chaws Asmeskas, lub teb chaws paj yog roj. Tag nrho cov Islands tuaj raug lees paub tias yog cog lus rau hydrocarbons.

Control hla cov Islands tuaj

Tam sim no, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tau tshwm sim hauv South China Sea. Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov khoom ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm Spratly Islands yog raws li nram no:

  • Tuam Tshoj tswj 9 atolls hauv archipelago.
  • Vietnam garrisons nyob ntawm 21 Islands.
  • Philippines sawv cev rau lawv tus kheej ntawm 8 lub tebchaws.
  • Malaysia tswj 3 islets.
  • Taiwan pab tub rog nyob ntawm cov kob loj tshaj plaws ntawm Taipingdao.
  • Tsuas yog cov Islands tuaj nyob dawb (kwv yees).
  • cov kob
    cov kob

Txoj Cai "Txoj Cai ntawm Hiav Txwv"

Tam sim no tsuas yog "Txoj Cai ntawm Hiav Txwv" tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov Islands tuaj. Tam sim no nws yog "kev ua haujlwm zoo". Qhov ntawd yog, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj lub xeev nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb muaj cai thov kev lag luam ntawm thaj chaw dej los yog txeeb cov txee uas nyob ib sab. Qhov no tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov Islands tuaj thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev lag luam ntawm lawv. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov Islands tuaj me me lossis ib ntus dej nyab uas tsis tuaj yeem nug txog lawv qhov kev sib haum xeeb.

Kev sib cav sib ceg

Yog vim li cas xyoo 1994 thiaj muajcov kauj ruam tau coj mus rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem tau txais los pom zoo rau UN Convention. Nyab Laj thiab Tuam Tshoj tuaj rau qhov kev pom zoo tsis hais, txiav txim siab ncua cov lus teb rau cov lus nug txog kev tswj hwm ntawm Spratly Islands rau 50 xyoo. Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim cov peev txheej ntuj tsim los ntawm ob tog.

thaj tsam ntawm cov Islands tuaj
thaj tsam ntawm cov Islands tuaj

Kev tsim kho ntawm cov Islands tuaj cuav

Txawm li cas los xij, txij li xyoo 2002 nom tswv Beijing tau nce nws txoj kev siv zog los tsim lub txee. Kev ua haujlwm tau pib ntawm kev tsim kho cov Islands tuaj. Cov no yog trump cards nyob rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog lwm lub xeev. Tom qab tag nrho, los ntawm pej xeem cov Islands tuaj, Tuam Tshoj yuav muaj hwj chim tshaj lawv.

Cov Islands tuaj cuav hauv Spratly archipelago - lub vaj kaj siab rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Tab sis rau lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog cov tub rog nyob hauv lawv. Tuam Tshoj maj mam nthuav dav thaj chaw ntawm "nws" cov Islands tuaj hauv South China Sea. Cov formations no yuav muaj peev xwm tiv taus txhua lub tsev thiab cov qauv. Tuam Tshoj tsis txaus siab rau Asmeskas los ntawm kev ua si Vajtswv, tsim cov Islands tuaj, tig pob zeb atolls rau hauv cov kob zoo nkauj nrog cov xuab zeb dawb thiab cov chaw ntsuab. Ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qub reefs, ib txoj kev khiav thiab lub tsev cog khoom tau tsim. Twb muaj 4 lub tshav dav hlau nyob rau ntawm cov kob cuav.

cov Islands tuaj
cov Islands tuaj

Ntxiv rau cov hom phiaj kev nom kev tswv, Tuam Tshoj nrhiav kev txaus siab rau kev lag luam hauv kev tsim cov Islands tuaj. Kev tsim cov Islands tuaj dag yuav tso cai rau Tuam Tshoj ua kom muaj kev thov tshwj xeeb rau thaj chaw dej hauv 200 mais. Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tshaj tawm tias tsis lees paub txog Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv dag zog hauv South China Sea txij li xyoo 2012, tab sis tsis muajtsis muaj kev ntsuas quab yuam.

Tam sim no, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm hauv av, Tuam Tshoj tau nthuav dav nws cov khoom los ntawm 1.5 square kilometers. Kev nce hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov Islands tuaj yuav tso cai rau lub sijhawm dhau mus, txhawm rau txuas cov pob zeb nyob sib ze, atolls thiab Islands tuaj.

spratly Islands caij so
spratly Islands caij so

Thaum saib cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj haujlwm, ib tus tau txais kev xav tias Spratly Islands tuaj yeem muab sijhawm so rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws uas muaj kev zoo siab. Yog hais tias kev tsim kho ntawm cov Islands tuaj mus txog nws qhov kawg, yog tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim nyog rau kev nyob zoo, ces Spratly yuav dhau los ua "Mecca" ntawm kev ncig ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xwm txheej huab cua thiab thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm cov Islands tuaj ua tau raws li tag nrho cov qauv rau qhov chaw rau hnub so zoo.

Pom zoo: