Rurikovo Kev Sib Tham, Veliky Novgorod: chaw nyob, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Veliky Novgorod yog lub nroog uas tsis muaj qhov txaus ntshai. Nws tau ntev lawm ib qho ntawm feem ntau mus xyuas qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm peb lub teb chaws los ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi thiab tseem ua rau zoo siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb archaeologists nrog cov kev tshawb pom tshiab uas ua rau lub teeb pom kev ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Russia. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tau ua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Rurik Kev Sib Tham, los ntawm qhov chaw uas Veliky Novgorod tau los.

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm archaeological site

Rurik Kev Txiav Txim (Veliky Novgorod), daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib kawm txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Thawj excavations tau ua los ntawm archaeologist N. Polyansky. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1910, nws txoj kev ntoj ke mus los tau hloov los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg tshawb fawb coj los ntawm tus kws kos duab-philosopher N. Roerich, thiab txij li xyoo 1975 txog rau hnub no (nrog kev cuam tshuam) ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Keeb Kwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Kab lis kev cai. ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm E. N. Nosov.

Raws li kev tshawb fawb hauv thaj tsam ntawm Gorodishche,nrhiav tau tej kab lis kev cai qub qub xws li:

• remains of a Neolithic site (2-3 txhiab xyoo BC),
• Iron Age kev txiav txim siab (thawj txhiab xyoo BC).

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws archaeological pom tau los ntawm kev sib hais haum

Thaum kawm txog cov txheej txheem kab lis kev cai ntawm 9th-11th centuries, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom ntau yam khaub ncaws thiab khoom siv tub rog. Kuj pom muaj cov ntawv birch-bark ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus, ob peb princely seals ua los ntawm txhuas, peb hoards ntawm dirhams, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm Arabic, Byzantine thiab Western European npib, iav, carnelian thiab siv lead ua hlaws, nrog rau daim ntawm almonds thiab walnut. plhaub. Tag nrho cov khoom pov thawj no ua pov thawj rau kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm Novgorodians nrog ze thiab deb xeev ntawm medieval Europe thiab Asia.

Thaum lub sijhawm excavations, qhov chaw ntawm nplai, qhov hnyav, Frisian combs, cov khoom ua si ntoo ntaj, cov dab dej los ntawm cov thom khwm, iav tsoos qub Lavxias teb sab bracelets, suav cov cim npe, spindle whorls, npog thiab birch bark bottoms, shards ntawm amphorae thiab ntau kuj pom ntau.

Rurik Kev Txiav Txim (Veliky Novgorod) rov ua rau tib neeg tham txog nws tus kheej hauv xyoo 2003, thaum pom ib daim ntawv tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo, uas yog ib feem ntawm tsab ntawv los ntawm ntau tus kwv tij rau lawv niam lawv txiv, uas yog tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Novgorod. hais.

Varangian trace

Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm Scandinavian pom, Rurik Kev Sib Tham, nrog rau keeb kwm kev sib hais haum ntawm Gnezdovo, nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Dnieper,yog qhov nplua nuj tshaj plaws excavated nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe. Ob yam khoom no ncaj qha ua raws cov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Scandinavia, Birka thiab Hedeby. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav yog ritual khoom thiab ornaments. Ntawm lawv yog lub plhaub-puab, sib npaug-armed thiab nplhaib-shaped brooches, 2 bronze pendants nrog runic inscriptions, hlau torcs nrog cov cim ntawm Thor's hammers, ib daim duab ntawm Valkyrie ua los ntawm nyiaj, thiab lwm yam.

Rurik Kev Txiav Txim (Veliky Novgorod): keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus

Qhov kev siv nto moo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom no tuaj yeem pom hauv Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev txhais lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm no, nyob rau hauv 862 cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av uas Veliky Novgorod tau tsim tom qab hu ua Varangian Rurik los kav lawv thaj av. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Gorodische, ib tug princely chaw nyob tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug fortress lub zos, nyob rau hauv uas nws thiab nws pab neeg nyob. Nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Volkhov, txoj cai ntawm txoj kev "los ntawm Varangians mus rau Greeks."

keeb kwm ntxiv ntawm Ryurikov Kev Txiav Txim

Nyob rau hauv lub 9th-10th centuries, lub princely nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub Volkhov tau los ua thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm niaj hnub Veliky Novgorod, uas yog, lub qub nroog. Nws nyob ib cheeb tsam me me (6 - 7 hectares) ntawm ib lub toj, uas nyob rau ntawm ib kob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug dej nyab. Lub rampart ntawm kev sib hais haum yog 8 meters dav thiab 5 meters siab.

Lub hauv paus ntawm Rurik kev sib hais haum tau ua kom muaj zog nrog cov ncej ntoo thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm moat. Qhov kev sib hais haum tau ib qho chaw zoo heev, vim nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm dejciam teb, thiab los ntawm qhov siab ntawm nws lub roob nws yooj yim ua raws txoj kev ntawm cov nkoj los ntawm Volkhov River mus rau Lake Ilmen.

Tom qab lub fortress muaj ib tug pagan sanctuary - Peryn. Kev txiav txim los ntawm archaeological pom, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm kev sib hais haum tau koom nyob rau hauv crafts, xws li tooj dag casting, pob txha carving, thiab lwm yam.

Ib puag thaum ub tom qab 10th caug xyoo

Nyob rau xyoo 990s, Gorodishche, tuav lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw nyob, tau muab txoj hauv kev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw socio-economic ntawm cheeb tsam mus rau kev sib hais haum uas tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev hais plaub episcopal.

Tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm Novgorodians hauv 1136, qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus tub huabtais txuas ntxiv nyob rau ntawm nws thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm tus kav nroog, uas yog tus saib xyuas ntawm Veliky Novgorod.

Rurik Kev Txiav Txim (chaw nyob: Novgorodsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, Lub Zos Kev Teeb Meem) nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm tau los ua qhov chaw uas yav tom ntej Prince Alexander Nevsky siv nws thaum yau. Dmitry Donskoy, Vasily Temny, Ivan qhov thib peb thiab Ivan qhov txaus ntshai nyob los yog nyob ntawd nyob rau ntau lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm.

Church of Annunciation

Rurik's Settlement (Veliky Novgorod) kuj tseem nthuav ua tsaug rau cov ruins ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ntxov xyoo pua 12th nyob ntawd. Nyob rau hauv 1103, nws tau tsim los ntawm tus tub ntawm Vladimir Monomakh thiab tus kav ntawm Novgorod, Mstislav Vladimirovich. Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Annunciation tau dhau los ua qhov thib ob tom qab St. Sophia yog lub tsev pob zeb ntawm lub nroog thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm huab tais tau tsiv mus rau ntawd. Nws, nrog rau St. Nicholas thiab St. George's Cathedrals (St. Yuriev Monastery), tau tsim los ntawm Peter, thawj tus kws kos duab Lavxias teb sab tau hais nyob rau hauv annals.

In 1342-1343 ntawm qhov chawlub tuam tsev uas ploj lawm, ib qho tshiab tau tsim tsa, uas tau sawv rau 600 xyoo, txog thaum nws tau raug foob pob los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab phom loj thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Lub ruins ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Annunciation muab ib tug pom kev ntawm kev puas tsuaj ua rau cov kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm peb lub teb chaws thaum lub invasion ntawm lub fascist hordes.

Tub huabtais pob zeb

Rurik Kev Txiav Txim Siab (Veliky Novgorod) tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua koob tsheej nco txog 1150 xyoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 22, 2012, qhov qhib "Prince's Stone" tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm keeb kwm monument. Nws yog ib lub pob zeb loj uas hnyav txog 40 tons. Nws yog engraved nrog ib tug quote los ntawm nto moo Radzivilov Chronicle, uas ua tim khawv rau lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia.

Veliky Novgorod, Rurik kev sib hais haum: yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd los ntawm tsheb

Lub cim tseem ceeb no tuaj yeem mus txog los ntawm kev thauj mus los ntiag tug lossis pej xeem. Yog tias koj yuav mus rau Rurik's Settlement (Veliky Novgorod), cov paib yuav qhia koj tias yuav mus txog ntawm lub tsheb li cas. Tsis ntev los no, txoj kev mus rau nws tau nteg tawm nrog daj sandstone. Qhov no txhais tau tias yog tias koj tig los ntawm txoj kev loj Moscow-Veliky Novgorod mus rau Sholokhovo, tsav mus rau Spas-Nereditsy thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau qhov thaiv, ces koj yuav tau taug kev 2-3 feeb xwb.

Koj tseem tuaj yeem mus rau Rurik's Settlement los ntawm lub npav npav 186 (lub sijhawm tawm ntawm 7:25, 8:25, 14:00, 19:05), nyob ib sab ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Nereditsa. Tom qab tawm ntawm qhov kawg nres, koj yuav tsum rov qab mus rau txoj kev loj thiab taug kev raws lub pas dej loj mus rau tus dejVolkhov. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tig mus rau sab laug thiab ua raws txoj kev taug kev raws tus dej mus rau qhov kev txaus siab.

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, taug kev raws Volkhov yog nqa tawm ntawm Veche motor ship, uas muaj xws li mus ntsib Rurik qhov kev sib haum xeeb. Sijhawm ncig saib: thaum 11:00 hnub Saturday thiab thaum 14:15 - Hnub Sunday.

Reviews

Raws li cov neeg uas twb tau taug kev raws txoj kev Veliky Novgorod - Rurikovo Gorodishe (qhov kev ncua deb hauv km ntawm qhov chaw yog 2), tom qab tso txoj kev tshiab, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ntawd yam tsis muaj teeb meem los ntawm lub tsheb ntawm txhua hom.. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog thaum dej nyab ntawm Volkhov River, thaum mus xyuas qhov kev nyiam no tsis pom zoo.

Cov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo feem ntau yog mob siab rau cov kev pom zoo kawg nkaus uas qhib los ntawm toj roob hauv pes mus rau qhov chaw dej, nrog rau Kremlin thiab St. George's Monastery. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev mus ncig ua si tuaj yeem ua ke nrog kev so ntawm lub puam thiab barbecue picnic hauv thaj chaw ua si nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw nyiam. Raws li rau cov lus ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, ntau tus neeg taug kev hais tias tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm kev mus xyuas lub qub chaw nyob ntawm Rurik yog lwj los ntawm lub toj ntxas nyob rau ntawm qhov rooj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov neeg tuaj xyuas nco ntsoov tias txawm hais tias qhov chaw no yeej muaj peev xwm taug kev zoo, nws tseem tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi nrog kev nyuaj heev.

Tam sim no koj paub qhov kev pom me me uas koj tuaj yeem pom,mus rau Veliky Novgorod. Rurikovo Settlement, uas tuaj yeem mus txog ob qho tib si raws Volkhov thiab los ntawm txoj kev, yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb uas Lavxias lub xeev tau yug los, yog li txhua tus neeg uas saib xyuas keeb kwm ntawm nws lub tebchaws yuav tsum mus ntsib nws.