Fort Krasnaya Gorka: keeb kwm, daim ntawv qhia, tswv yim, duab, kev mus ncig, yuav ua li cas mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Fort Krasnaya Gorka yog lub fortification ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland, uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 100 xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub fortress nyob rau hauv lub Lomonosov koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam tiv thaiv plaub tsov rog, tab sis tom qab 1960 nws tsis siv raws li ib tug naval fortification los tiv thaiv St. Petersburg los ntawm lub hiav txwv. Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov tub rog keeb kwm yav dhau los, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej tsim ib qho chaw memorial nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub fort. Koj tuaj yeem taug kev ncig saib zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom uas ua rau muaj kev ntshai ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam txawv teb chaws.

Kev tsim qauv tiv thaiv

Thaum pib ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los, ob lub forts tau txhim tsa los ntxiv dag zog rau Kronstadt fortress - Ino thiab Krasnaya Gorka - cov qauv tsim los tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab nkoj mus txog St. Kev tsim kho pib xyoo 1909 thiab ua tiav xyoo 1915. Cov kws tshaj lij tub rog Lavxias zoo tshaj plaws tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub fort. Lub npe tshwm los ntawm nws tus kheej, raws li kev cai hauv toponymy, - los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub zos ze tshaj plaws.

Yog li ntawd tshwm simQhov chaw tiv thaiv tshiab - Fort Krasnaya Gorka. Nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo nws tau hu ua Alekseevsky thiab Krasnoflotsky, nws tau los ua ib tug haib tiv thaiv chaw nyob rau yav qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub bay raws li ib feem ntawm lub Kronstadt fortress. Artillery roj teeb muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv St. Petersburg los ntawm qhov kev cia siab thiab tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Tsuas yog ib zaug xwb cov nkoj Askiv tau tawm tsam cov nkoj Lavxias hauv txoj kev (1918).

Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland, uas lub zos thiab lub fortress tau npaj, muab lub tswv yim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv kev tiv thaiv. Nws garrison tau ua tiav xyoo 1914 thiab muaj 4.5 txhiab tus tub rog (artillerymen, infantrymen, sailors).

hiav txwv fortress nyob rau hauv Thawj Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog thiab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog

Fort Krasnaya Gorka txog xyoo 1919 tsis tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej nyob ib ncig ntawm "lub txaj ntawm lub kiv puag ncig" - Petrograd - ua ntau thiab txaus ntshai, Yudenich cov tub rog tau nce siab. Xyoo 1918, lub fort raug mined kom cov yeeb ncuab tsis tau txais nws, tab sis nws tsis tsim nyog los tawg cov haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo thiab tom qab ntawd, lub garrison qhib tua peb zaug rau cov yeeb ncuab ntawm av thiab nyob rau hauv lub Gulf of Finland. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919, kev tawm tsam Bolshevik kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj tau pib, uas tau tua cov nkoj ntawm B altic Fleet nrog hluav taws.

Fort Krasnaya Gorka thaum lub sijhawm White-Finnish thiab Great Patriotic Wars

Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 30, 1939, Tub Rog Liab tau pib ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho thiab suav tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Finland - "Mannerheim Line" hauv xyoo ntawd. Cov roj teeb ntawm lub fort raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm Finnish txoj haujlwm, tab sis tsis ntev. Txoj hauj lwm nyuaj ua tiavib tug tiv thaiv qauv thaum lub sij hawm tiv thaiv ntawm lub Oranienbaum bridgehead los ntawm Nazi pab tub rog. Nws yog ib lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Lub garrison ntawm lub fort tsis cia cov Nazis los ze dua li cov phom loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag lawv.

Ob xyoo tom qab lub yeej muaj yeej ntawm 1945, ib co ntawm cov phom raug xa mus rau remelting, thiab nyob rau hauv 1975 muaj ib tug memorial kos npe rau ntawm ib lub roj teeb. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, tsis muaj ib tug tiv thaiv lub hiav txwv fortress, cov riam phom uas tseem tshuav ntawm no tau los ua ib tug prey ntawm "hlau yos hav zoov". Cov tub rog keeb kwm tau sim khaws cia Krasnaya Gorka fort. Cov duab ntawm xyoo tas los no yog lub teeb liab kev ntxhov siab hu kom txuag lub monument ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab oblivion.

Cov ntaub ntawv pom los ntawm cov tub rog keeb kwm paub meej tias ntawm 60 m 2 thaj chaw ntawm lub fort muaj granite stele ntsia ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov ntxa loj ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj tuag los ntawm peb tus neeg tua neeg uas tau poob rau sab nrauv ntawm Kronstadt. Muaj cov plaques nrog cov npe ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab cov neeg faus rau hauv qhov ntxa. Nyob rau hauv 1974-1975, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub 30th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm yeej nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, cov ciaj sia taus ntawm lub fortress twb muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim, thiab lub monument tau dav siv rau kev ua tub rog-patriotic kev kawm ntawv. Muaj ib txoj kev npaj los tsim ib lub Naval Glory monument thiab ib ceg ntawm Naval Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub fortress, sawv siab rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv artillery nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub Oranienbaum choj taub hau thiab Leningrad.

Tswv Ntujkev tsim kho qhov chaw nres tsheb rau kev mus ncig xyuas tsheb npav, taug kev txoj kev, saib platforms, thaj chaw qhib huab cua. Lub cim nco txog tau qhib rau lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1975, tab sis nyob rau xyoo ntawd lawv tsis tau muab cov ntaub ntawv ruaj ntseg rau thaj av thiab daim ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm cov tub rog-keeb kwm khoom nws tus kheej. Tom qab xyoo 1990, cov txheej txheem kev nom kev tswv hauv lub xeev tau hloov pauv, thiab qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev txhawb nqa khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cim nco txog tau raug hu mus rau lo lus nug. Cov cuab yeej raug rhuav tshem ntawm nws thaj chaw, tab sis ua tsaug rau cov neeg nyiam, lub monument tau raug khaws cia.

Museum of the legendary fort

Yuav luag 100 xyoo tom qab pib kev tsim kho ntawm rab phom txoj haujlwm, cov tub rog caij nkoj tau tig mus rau hauv nroog cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Lomonosov koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam nrog kev thov kom rov tsim kho qhov chaw memorial thiab tsev cia puav pheej "Fort Krasnaya Gorka". Lub legendary hiav txwv fortress uas tiv thaiv St. Petersburg yuav tsum tau khaws cia thiab qhib rau kev soj ntsuam. Kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi rau cov khoom no ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland tau ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo rau qhov teeb meem ntawm perpetuating lub cim xeeb. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau rov pib dua, thiab nws cov khoom nthuav tawm tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom los ntawm qhov pib thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub ntawm lub hiav txwv fortress. Lawv nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub qub warehouse thiab infantry shelter.

Yuav ua li cas mus rau lub fort

Ntawm mus saib thaj chaw, nws yuav tsum tau pom zoo ua ntej ntawm kev mus ncig ua si nrog cov thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum tub rog-keeb kwm "Fort Krasnaya Gorka". Yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd, ib tug tub rog keeb kwm-cov lus qhia, cov neeg nyob hauv zos thiab cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov uas feem ntau musKev taw qhia "Lebyazhye-Fort Krasnaya Gorka". Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm thaj chaw yuav tsum muaj rau cov neeg taug kev uas yuav taug kev los ntawm tsheb npav tsis tu ncua raws txoj kev Lomonosov-Krasnaya Gorka lossis siv lub tsheb ciav hlau St. Petersburg-Krasnoflotsk, uas tawm ntawm B altic Chaw nres tsheb ntawm Northern Capital. Los ntawm tsheb, koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub fort ntawm Lebyazhye.

Kev mus ncig rau lub fort yog ua los ntawm kev mus ncig ua si ntawm thaj tsam Leningrad thiab St. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab thaj chaw memorial npog thaj tsam ntawm 20 hectares. Kev ncig xyuas ntawm lub fortress kav 8-9 teev. Kev mus xyuas lub memorial complex thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog them (800-1000 rubles). Koj yuav tsum muaj lub teeb nyem nrog koj los xyuas cov qauv hauv av.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev mus ncig ntawm Fort Krasnaya Gorka Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab Memorial Complex:

• pob zeb ua haujlwm thiab roj teeb;
• monument rau sailors thiab gunners;
• tseem tshuav ntawm cov roj teeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv;
• tsheb ciav hlau thauj mus los;
• fort museum.

Fort Krasnaya Gorka (cheeb tsam Leningrad). Txoj hmoo ntawm lub monument

Thawj qhov kev xav ntawm kev mus xyuas qhov chaw no ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland hauv cheeb tsam Lomonosov yog kev nyuaj siab. Qhob slabs npog nrog ib txheej ntawm mosses thiab lichens yog pom nyob rau hauv cov nyom thiab ntawm cov ntoo. Lub dugouts thiab rails tau overgrown nrog bushes. Cov kiv cua ntawm "Stalker" los ntawm Strugatsky cov kwv tij yuav xav tias qhov no yog qhov "zone" nyob. Pob zeb khib nyiab hauv hav zoov yog ib qho ntawm cov mos txwv tawg thaum xyoo 1918.

Raws licov neeg keeb kwm, hauv av muaj cov plhaub uas tsis tau muab tshem tawm, cov mines uas tsis tau raug tshem tawm, muab tso rau hauv Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Demining txuas ntxiv rau thaj chaw, uas yog ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij sappers. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej cia siab tias tom qab ua haujlwm tiav lawm, qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig hauv lub fort yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej yuav rov ua dua nrog cov khoom pov thawj tshiab pom los ntawm sappers.