Kolomenskoye. Palace ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich nyob rau hauv Kolomenskoye

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub zos ntawm Kolomenskoye nyob ze Moscow yog ib zaug patrimony ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsars. Tam sim no qhov chaw no yog thaj chaw ntawm Lub Xeev Architectural Reserve. Nyob rau ntawm ib cheeb tsam loj ntawm yuav luag plaub puas hectares, muaj suburban monasteries thiab lub tsev teev ntuj, raws li zoo raws li palaces: lub tsev ntawm Peter lub Great, thauj ntawm no los ntawm Arkhangelsk, thiab, qhov tseeb, lub tsev ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsars - Alexei. Mikhailovich, nicknamed lub Quietest, thiab Fedor Alekseevich. Feem ntau ntawm cov ciam teb yog ib qho chaw ua si thiab qhov xwm txheej tsis tau kov los ntawm tus txiv neej: ravines, hav zoov. Nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, nws mus rau embankment ntawm tus dej Moscow. Yog li koj tuaj yeem caij nkoj mus rau Tsar lub palace hauv Kolomenskoye ntawm lub nkoj txaus siab. Nws yog qhov zoo los saib ntawm no thaum pej xeem kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Christmas lossis Maslenitsa. Tom qab ntawd ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, caij tsheb kauj vab thiab lwm yam kev lom zem tshwm sim hauv Kolomenskoye. Kuj tseem muaj ob peb lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ub nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw cia. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tsom mus rau lub palace ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsars.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Lavxias teb sab princes hlub Kolomenskoye. Lub palace sawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no nyob rau hauv lub kaum plaub caug xyoo. Yog li ntawd, lub zej zogcov zos tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm "metropolitan scale". Piv txwv li, Vasily III tau tsim tsa hauv 1532 lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub ntawm Ascension. Nyob rau hauv Kolomenskoye thiab Ivan lub txaus ntshai. Phau ntawv keeb kwm qhia tias ntawm no, hauv nws lub palace, nws ua kev zoo siab rau nws lub npe hnub. Tab sis qhov chaw no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Nws hais kom nthuav lub tsev loj, qhov tseeb, ua ib lub tsev tshiab rau ntawm qhov chaw qub. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 17, 1640, tsar ua kev zoo siab rau tsev noj mov nrog cov boyars. Tus txais, Alexei Mikhailovich, kuj poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog qhov chaw no. Ib tug neeg yos hav zoov avid, nws pheej rov mus xyuas lub tebchaws no. Thaum nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv, nws pib tsim kho tshiab.

Kolomenskoye: lub palace ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich

Txawm tias xyoo 1649-1650, nrog rau xyoo 1657, tsar ntxiv thaj chaw tshiab rau cov qub - nyob rau lub sijhawm yug menyuam. Tab sis nws tsis yog tag nrho cov ntawd. Tus tsar xav tsim ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, thiab tsis yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov tsev pheeb suab. Nyob rau hauv 1667, thawj lub pob zeb tau muab tso rau kev tsim kho ntawm dab tsi tom ntej contemporaries yuav hu ua "lub yim xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no." Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg zoo tib yam ua lub palace ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich nyob rau hauv Kolomenskoye - kws ntoo Semyon Petrov thiab Ivan Mikhailov. Ib xyoos tom qab, kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa ntoo, qhov rais thiab facades nrog kev txawj carvings pib. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1669, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj (kub nplooj thiab xim) raug xaj los ntawm txawv teb chaws, thiab tus tswv nws tus kheej, Bogdan S altanov, ib tug Armenian los ntawm Persia. Tus neeg pleev kob icon Simeon Ushakov tau saib xyuas kev ua tiav. Kev pleev xim ntawm lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa, gilding ntawm cov tsev pheeb suab siv sijhawm li ob xyoos. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1673, tus tswv ntawm Armory, PeterVysotsky tau teeb tsa lub moos rau ntawm lub rooj vag pej thuam thiab npaj cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tsov ntxhuav qw.

Fyodor Alekseevich's perestroika

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Quiet One, tsar tshiab coj Kolomenskoye. Lub palace twb rebuilt dua. Fedor Alekseevich tau hais kom tsim kho lub tsev kho mob tshiab, uas tau txuas nrog tsar cov chav tsev ntiag tug los ntawm chav ua yeeb yam. Lub tsev noj mov no tau tsim los ntawm serf boyar Sheremetyev Semyon Dementyev. Lub Gilded Gates kuj tau tsim, uas, thaum tsis muaj tsar hauv Kolomenskoye, tau dai nrog daim ntaub kom tsis txhob ploj mus. Kev kho kom zoo rau cov tsov ntxhuav nyav ntawm lub zwm txwv, kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv thiab sab hauv. Kev kho dua tshiab tau ua tiav nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1682. Txog li ob xyoos ntxiv, kev ua haujlwm tau pib kho lub tsev tsim kho, kho lub ru tsev thiab chav pleev xim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxeev siab ntawm archers, barracks rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tau tsim - tag nrho ntawm kaum rau lub tsev pheeb suab. Xyoo 1685, lub rooj vag nkag tau ntxiv dag zog nrog lus Askiv tin thiab hlau, thiab lub moos tshiab tau teeb tsa.

Lub sijhawm ntawm Peter the Great thiab Kolomenskoye

Lub palace, nrog rau kev hloov ntawm lub peev mus rau St. Petersburg, pib maj mam poob rau hauv kev lwj. Ntoo tsis yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov heev. Cov empresses tom ntej kuj tsis tau them nyiaj txaus rau lub tebchaws no. Anna Ioannovna, txawm li cas los xij, tau hais kom nws "hauv kev saib xyuas zoo", tab sis nws tsis tau txiav txim siab los faib nyiaj rau qhov no. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1762, Catherine II tau mus xyuas Kolomenskoye. Nws hais kom kho qhov kwv yees. Cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm xyoo 1764. Tab sis es tsis txhob reconstruction, lub empress yuam kom tsim khoib tug tshiab palace nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev qhuav dej outbuildings. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1767, Catherine tau ceeb toom tias cov ntaiv thiab lub ru tsev tau pib tawg hauv lub tsev qub. Tom qab ntawd tus huab tais txiav txim kom rhuav tshem lub palace ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich nyob rau hauv Kolomenskoye, thiab ntxuav qhov chaw. Tsis paub meej hnub twg ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Karamzin nyob rau hauv "Poor Liza" (1792) hais txog lub zos ntawm Kolomenskoye nrog lub palace siab. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov ntoo hu nkauj, ib lub tsev plaub-zaj dab neeg tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism. Tab sis txawm nws tau puas tsuaj ib puas xyoo tom qab.

Kolomenskoye Tsev khaws puav pheej

Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm qhov chaw keeb kwm pib nrog kev pib ntawm tus nto moo restorer P. Baranovsky. Nyob rau hauv 1923, nws tau thov kom npaj ib tug qhib-cua tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub qub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsars, nplooj siab rau cov ntoo architecture ntawm Russia. Qhov no piav qhia txog lub tsev ntawm Peter I nyob rau hauv Kolomenskoye. Baranovsky kho lub tsev sab hauv, Mokhovaya Ntauwd ntawm Sumy Ostrog, lub rooj vag ntawm Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. George lub Victorious thiab lwm yam monuments ntawm ntoo architecture. Maj mam, lwm lub tsev pib rov tsim dua tshiab, uas twb muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau Kolomenskoye: tus pej thuam Vodovzvodnaya, Fryazhsky cellar thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. George nrog lub tswb pej thuam. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1990, lub tswv yim tau los mus tsim lub caij ntuj sov palace ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich.

Reconstruction

Txawm tias lub tsev huab tais ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyooraug tshem tawm tag nrho lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb, muaj ntau lithographs thiab kos duab uas qhia txog lub sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm no "yim xav tsis thoob ntiaj teb." Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab kos ntawm cov neeg tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov vaj ntxwv tsev lawv tus kheej tau khaws cia. Txij li thaum ntau pua xyoo oaks thiab lindens twb loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub site ntawm lub palace, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim kho lub tsev nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw, nyob ze, nyob rau hauv lub zos Dyakovskoye. Kev tsim kho tau ua tiav xyoo 2010. Lub tsev ntoo ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich tau hloov los ntawm ib qho kev txhim kho pob zeb ua ke nrog cov cav. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws hloov nws tus thawj orientation mus rau lub cardinal cov ntsiab lus, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem pom cov vajntxwv thiab cov empress, cov chav ntawm tus huab tais thiab cov ntxhais huabtais. Qhov kev xav tshwj xeeb yog sab laug los ntawm chav noj mov loj, uas npog cov chav ua yeeb yam coj los ntawm cov tis sib txawv ntawm lub palace.

Tsev khaws puav pheej: qhib sijhawm, nqi

Txawm hais tias tag nrho lub palace tau tsim nyob rau thawj xyoo ntawm peb caug xyoo, kev mus ncig rau Kolomenskoye yuav tsis ua rau leej twg poob siab. Tom qab tag nrho, tag nrho cov interiors tau recreated nrog kev saib xyuas heev, ua kom tiav cov ntawv khaws cia thiab kos duab. Lub chambers tau nruab nrog cov teeb tshwj xeeb, mica qhov rais thiab rooj tog. Nyob rau hauv nees nkaum plaub interiors ntawm lub palace, tus kheej lub neej thiab officialdom ntawm Lavxias teb sab sovereigns ntawm lub pre-Petrine era tshwm nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tourists.

Nkag mus rau lub tiaj ua si yog dawb. Tab sis rau kev nthuav qhia - rau tus nqi. Yog tias koj tuaj rau Kolomenskoye tag nrho ib hnub, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav ib daim pib - nws raug nqi 400 rubles thiab muab txoj cai rau koj mus xyuas ntau qhov chaw. Kev nthuav qhia qhib txhua hnub tshwj tsis yog hnub Monday. Nkag mus rau lub palace raug nqi 250 rubles.