Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov kob nrov ntawm Java, koom nrog lub xeev Indonesia, ib thaj av uas muaj ib puas Islands tuaj. Kaum ntawm lawv yog cov loj tshaj, tus so yog me, ntau tsis nyob.
Feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog roob toj siab nrog lub pob zeb zoo li lub roob hluav taws. Lawv qhov chaw siab tshaj yog npog nrog cov ntaub pua plag ntawm lub hav zoov ntsuab, thiab cov hav zoov uas tsis muaj zog zais qhov zais cia ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv zos thiab fauna, vim tias nws nyob ntawm no tias lub ntiaj teb cov paj loj tshaj plaws, qhov tshwj xeeb rafflesia, loj hlob.
Geography ntawm archipelago
Cov Islands tuaj tsawg Sunda hu ua Nusa Tenggara hauv Indonesian, uas txhais tau tias "cov kob nyob rau sab qab teb." Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub archipelago no suav nrog 570 Islands tuaj, 320 me me uas lawv tsis muaj lawv lub npe. Tsuas xav tias tsuas muaj 42 tus neeg nyob xwb.
Feem ntau, cov kob complex suav nrog thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws hauv qab no:cov kob ntawm Timor, cov kob ntawm Bali, nrov ntawm surfers, cov Islands tuaj ntawm Flores, Lombok, Sumba thiab Sumbawa. Ua ke nrog cov Islands tuaj ntawm Borneo, Java thiab Sumarta, koom nrog lub Greater Sunda Archipelago, lawv tsim lub Malay Archipelago, uas yog ib feem ntawm Indonesia. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub teb chaws no tsuas yog ib qho uas muaj ntau cov Islands tuaj.
Los ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Lesser Sunda Islands yog cov dej ntawm Banda thiab Flores hiav txwv, thiab los ntawm sab qab teb koj tuaj yeem pom Timor Hiav Txwv thiab lwm qhov dej hiav txwv ntiav suav nrog hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Indian. Ntxiv rau Indonesia, lwm lub xeev ywj pheej nkaum ntawm cov Islands tuaj saum toj no - East Timor.
History
Keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm Lesser Sunda Islands pib nrog Paleocene, uas yog 65.5 lab xyoo dhau los. Qee lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau tshwm sim vim muaj hluav taws kub tawg hauv lub ntiaj teb sab xis ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob daim phiaj - Pacific thiab Australian. Lwm cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub koog pov txwv yog coral.
Cov magma nchuav los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv qab dej tau hloov cov av tshiab mus rau Eurasian phaj, nws thaj tsam yav qab teb. Thiab txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, cov rog ntawm peb daim phiaj pib ua rau cov Islands tuaj, txo lossis nce lawv qhov loj. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias, piv txwv li, Flores yog ib feem ntawm Australian phaj thiab tawg tawm ntawm nws, thiab tsis tsim nws tus kheej vim yog hluav taws kub.
Island theories
Raws li txoj kev xav thib ob, "niam" ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm Sumba, Timor thiab Babar kuj yog Australia. Raws li lwm version, cov Islands tuajnqis los ntawm Eurasian phaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov kev xav geological tseem tau ua haujlwm, tshwj tsis yog rau cov Islands tuaj uas cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm cov av tsim tau pom meej. Niaj hnub no, tag nrho cov Islands tuaj yog ib feem ntawm Sunda Arc, surrounded los ntawm dej hiav txwv tob heev.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm thaj av
Small Sunda Islands yog ib cheeb tsam tswj hwm ntawm cov koom pheej. Geographically, lawv tau muab faib ua lub xeev ntawm Bali, Western Islands tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj. Cov nroog loj tshaj plaws: ntawm cov kob ntawm Lombok - Mataram, ntawm Timor - lub nroog Kupang thiab, tau kawg, Denpasar hauv Bali.
Ntawm cov lus, hom lus yog Indonesian lossis Bahasa Indonesia. Nws tau pom zoo xyoo 1945, tab sis qhov tseeb nws tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov lus ntawm Malay Archipelago. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj rau caum xya yam lus tau hais hauv Lesser Sunda Islands. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ob tsev neeg hais lus - Malayo-Polynesian, nrog rau Austronesian, tshwj tsis yog Creole, uas yog hais los ntawm ob puas txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv Kupang.
Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Lesser Sunda Islands yog Bali, raws li cov neeg taug kev feem ntau tuaj txog ntawm nws lub tshav dav hlau loj - Ngurah Ray hauv Denpasar. Kupang thiab Praia kuj muaj lawv tus kheej khiav nrog cov huab cua me me.
Pab neeg ntawm archipelago
Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Lesser Sunda Islands yog 87,000 square kilometers. Cov pej xeem ceev nrog xws li kev sib kis yog kwv yees li 137 tus neeg ib square kilometers, uas yog heevTsis phem xav txog peb lub ntiaj teb overpopulated. Tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm Lesser Sunda Islands tsis tshaj kaum ob lab tus neeg nyob.
Yog tias peb rhuav tshem cov pej xeem ntawm cov koog pov txwv los ntawm haiv neeg, ces pawg neeg loj tshaj plaws yog Balinese - muaj txog plaub lab ntawm lawv, cov kab txuas ntxiv yog Sasaks los ntawm Lombok, nrog rau cov Sumbanavians los ntawm Sumbawa. Ntawm cov qhua, Suav thiab Isdias Asmeskas yeej, ntau Pakistanis thiab Arabs, thiab, tau kawg, Polynesians thiab Japanese. Cov neeg nyob sab Europe thiab Australia nyob hauv kab kawg ntawm cov lej.
Sunni Islam yeej ntawm kev ntseeg kev ntseeg. Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev ntseeg yog Hinduism nrog ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm Buddhism rau nws, xws li ib hom kev sib xyaw. Hinduism vam meej nyob rau hauv Bali, txawm hais tias nws kuj tseem pom ntawm Sasaks hauv Lambok. Catholic tshaj tawm lawv txoj kev ntseeg ntawm cov kob ntawm Flores, thaum Protestants nyob Timor. Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov kev ntseeg no, muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Taoism, animism thiab Confucianism.
Climatic tej yam kev mob
Kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv Lesser Sunda Islands nyob rau hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific yog qhov xav tsis thoob qhuav, nrog rau cov monsoons sub-equatorial. Thaum lub caij monsoon los ntawm cov suab puam ib feem ntawm Australian kob, lub ntuj los nag ntau billions los, uas, txawm li cas los xij, sai sai evaporate. Cov hnub uas muaj nag los nag dhau los ntawm cov Islands tuaj txij lub Kaum Hli mus txog rau lub caij ntuj no thiab xaus rau lub Plaub Hlis nkaus xwb.
Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv nyob ib puag ncig +27 degrees thoob plaws lub xyooCelsius, tab sis nce mus txog +33 degrees. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov Australian, cov av noo yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 30 feem pua, tab sis ncov ntawm 90 feem pua thaum lub caij los nag.
Main Attractions
Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los txheeb xyuas txhua qhov chaw nthuav dav hauv ib cheeb tsam los ntawm kev txiav txim siab txhua lub kob sib cais. Yog li, ntawm cov kob nto moo tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv Malay archipelago, Bali, muaj ntau tshaj qhov txaus nyiam:
- Lub tsev ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Pura Besakih (lub thaj neeb ntawm Niam). Koj tuaj yeem pom nws ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm tib lub roob dawb ceev hu ua Agung.
- Lub tuam tsev, uas nws lub npe txhais ua "tus dab lub qhov ncauj", - Goa Gadja.
- Lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb hauv lub nceeg vaj ntawm Mengwi yog Taman Ayun.
- Lub tuam tsev, lub tsev uas sawv ntawm Lake Bratan - Pura Ulun Danu.
- monastery thiab ashram dov rau hauv ib qho - Brahma Vshara, uas yog lub thaj neeb.
- botanical vaj nyob rau hauv lub roob hluav taws ntawm Batur volcano.
- Klungkung Tsev, vaj ntxwv chaw nyob.
- Lwm Kawi roob hluav taws.
- Tus dej tsaws tsag zoo nkauj heev Git Git.
- Balinese Museum thiab Art Center Building.
Sightseeing in Lombok:
- Nyob hauv lub nroog Chakranegara muaj ib lub tuam tsev ntawm Pura Meru, qhov chaw qhia Hinduism.
- Nyob hauv tib lub nroog muaj ib lub tuam tsev koom ua kev ntseeg - Hinduism, Islam thiab Buddhism. Nws hu ua Pura Lingsar.
- Nyob hauv nroog Ampenan, koj yuav tsum pom Maritime Tsev khaws puav pheej, lub vaj vaj tiag tiag ntawm Narmada thiab thaj chaw Mayura.
- Nco ntsoov mus rau qhov chaw siab tshaj- Rinjani roob hluav taws. Nws qhov siab yog 3726 meters.
Sights of Flores Island:
- Lub chaw qub qub uas cov neeg Portuguese tshuav hauv lub nroog Larantuka, txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tau caij nkoj mus rau lub koog pov txwv ze ntawm Salor.
- Peb lub pas dej hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Mount Kelimutu.
Kev nyiam ntawm cov kob ntawm Timor:
- Taman Visata Kamplong Conservation Area.
- Architectural nta ntawm lub nroog Kumpang. Yuav luag txhua lub tsev yog los ntawm lub sijhawm colonial.
Sights of Sumbawa Island:
- Nyob hauv lub nroog Subawa Besar, muaj ib lub tsev vaj ntxwv tiag tiag ua rau cov stilts.
- Scenic Mayo National Park tuaj yeem pom hauv tib lub nroog.
- Nyob hauv lub nroog Bima, muaj Sultan's Palace nrog kev nthuav qhia nthuav dav, suav nrog kev sau nplua nuj ntawm cov yas thiab riam phom, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig.
Sights of Komodo Island:
Ntawm no yog kev cai mus ncig ua si lom zem rau thaj chaw uas thaj tsam ntawm Komodo saib lizard nyob. Feem ntau cov neeg laus loj hlob mus txog peb meters ntev
Sights of Sumba Island:
Monuments txij thaum lub sijhawm megalith, nyob ze cov zos Targung, Sadan, Pasung thiab tsis deb ntawm lub nroog Waikabubak
Npaj qhov tseeb
Legends hais tias peb lub pas dej hluav taws xob ntawm Flores muaj xim sib txawv vim lawv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb: lub pas dej liab devours tsaus ntuj nti ntsuj plig, lub teebLub pas dej liab tau txais cov ntsuj plig uas muaj kev txhaum, thiab cov dej ntawm lub pas dej azure tau txais cov me nyuam mos thiab cov nkauj xwb. Vim tus ntsuj plig yuav txhawj, cov xim ntawm cov pas dej tau hloov tas li.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, cov seem ntawm ib hominid tau pom nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm tib kob ntawm Flores. Nws lub cev pob txha yog ib 'meter' ntev, thiab raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, lub hlwb thaum lub sij hawm lub neej mus txog qhov loj ntawm 400 cubic centimeters, uas yog ob peb zaug me dua lub hlwb ntawm ib tug neeg niaj hnub. Cov neeg sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias hom txiv neej no thaum ub tau tshwm sim 95 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Ua tiav extinction tshwm sim 12 txhiab xyoo dhau los vim qhov tawg ntawm Flores volcano.
Nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Bali, 230 hnub so ua kev zoo siab txhua xyoo, ntawm txhua qhov kev ua koob tsheej yog npaj los ua kom haum Vajtswv. Cov neeg Balines ntseeg tias yog koj tsis nco qab txog kev pehawm vajtswv, lawv yuav xa kev phem thiab kev phem rau lawv lub tebchaws. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tau nrog cov yeeb yuj parades.
Legendary rafflesia - ib qho tshwm sim ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub koog pov txwv
Y Tej zaum lub ntsiab attraction thiab feature ntawm lub archipelago yog ib qho amazing nroj tsuag - lub paj ntawm rafflesia arnoldi. Qhov no yog lub paj loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, uas muaj peev xwm ncav cuag kaum kilograms hauv qhov hnyav thiab ib meter inch.
Qhov tseeb tiag, lub ntuj ceebtsheej no ua neej muaj kab mob - nws tsis muaj nws cov cag lossis qia. Nws loj hlob ntawm stems ntawm vines vim lawv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem ceeb. Yuav kom rafflesia sprouts, nws cov noob (tsis loj dua ib tug poppy noob) yuav tsum tau poob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo tawg nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, uas yuav yog lub breadwinner ntawm no zoo nkauj.kab mob. Lub paj loj hlob sai sai, thiab ua ntej nthuav tawm nws cov kab paj, tsim lub taub hau loj loj - qhov no yog nws cov paj.
Tom qab lub paj qhib, tsib cov ntshav-liab lossis xim liab liab tshwm. Lawv tau pib them nrog kev loj hlob dawb thiab zoo ib yam li tib neeg warts. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub paj yog nws tsis hnov tsw - rafflesia exudes ib tug qias neeg tsis hnov tsw ntawm rotten nqaij, uas attracts yoov los ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Lawv lo nyob ib ncig ntawm ib lub pob qhib zoo li ib daim ntawm rotting carrion, yog li pollinating nws.
Hmoov tsis zoo, cov ntxhiab tsw loj "rose" withers tom qab plaub hnub xwb. Tom qab withering nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub paj rau xya lub hlis, tib lub loj loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripens, sau nyob rau hauv nrog cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Txhawm rau kom cov noob tau zoo sib kis mus ntev, rafflesia nyiam nyob ntawm txoj kev hauv hav zoov uas hla los ntawm ntxhw. Qhov no yog vim lub nkoj ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb no feem ntau, yam tsis tau pom, cov kauj ruam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yog li nthuav cov noob rau mais tom ntej.
Rafflesia tau tshawb pom xyoo 1818 los ntawm ob tus kws tshawb fawb - Joseph Arnoldi thiab Thomas Raffles. Lub tom kawg yog ib tug British nom thiab tus thawj coj ntawm ib tug ntoj ke mus kawm ntawv xa mus rau lub kob ntawm Sumatra, thiab Arnoldi yog ib tug botanist thiab koom nyob rau hauv no phiaj los nqis tes. Hmoov tsis zoo, botanist tsis muaj sia nyob - nws tuag los ntawm kub taub hau ob lub lis piam tom qab kev tshawb pom txuj ci tseem ceeb. Raffles xa cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag mus rau London, tom qab ntawd lub paj tau muab lub npe rau kev hwm ntawm ob tus kws tshawb fawb.
