St. Mark's Cathedral hauv Venice (duab)

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Zoo nkauj Venice tau tshoov siab ntau tus kws kos duab, kws sau paj huam, kws ntaus nkauj los tsim cov haujlwm nto moo hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob. Lub nroog, nyob rau hauv uas zoo kawg nkaus xwm yog harmoniously txuas nrog exquisite architecture thiab ib tug ntev keeb kwm, yuav tsis cia leej twg indifferent. Ntawm no, txhua lub tsev yog lub cim tseem ceeb, tab sis hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia koj txog lub tsev zoo nkauj - St. Mark's Cathedral.

Chapel

Nyob hauv Venice, txhua qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau lub monuments uas tau muab rau tus tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo Mark, uas tau ntev los ua tus thawj coj saum ntuj ceeb tsheej ntawm lub nroog. Thawj lub tsev teev ntuj mob siab rau tus thwj tim tau tshwm sim hauv lub nroog thaum ntxov li 829. Nws lub thaj neeb tseem ceeb yog lub relics ntawm St. Ib lub cim uas cov neeg tsav nkoj Venetian nyiag los ntawm Alexandria.

Thaum cov Venetians pom tias cov Muslims ua phem rhuav tshem cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab tsim cov mosques nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw, lawv txiav txim siab los tiv thaiv tus tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo relics ntawm desecration. Raws li cov lus hais musCov lus dab neeg thaum ub, txhawm rau txhawm rau thauj khoom tsis muaj nqi ntawm lub nkoj, cov tub lag luam mus rau qhov ua kom yuam kev - lawv tau tso cov neeg dawb huv nrog cov nqaij npuas carcasses, thiab cov tub ceev xwm tau hais tias lawv thauj cov nqaij npuas. Cov Saracens, uas tshaj tawm Islam, tsis tau twv kom kov tus tsiaj tsis huv thiab tsis tau kuaj xyuas cov khoom thauj. St. Mark's Basilica raug hlawv hauv 976 thaum muaj kev tawm tsam nrov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kav Venetian Pietro IV Candiano raug rhuav tshem.

Tebchaws keeb kwm

Saint Mark's Cathedral, nws keeb kwm pib xyoo 1063, ua rau kev xav tsis yog ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi xwb. Lawv qhuas thiab tseem mus kawm los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm architecture. Saib ntawm nws daim duab, ntau tus xav tsis thoob hauv lub nroog St. Mark's Cathedral nyob qhov twg. Tau kawg, nyob rau hauv ancient Venice (Ltalis).

Hauv 1071, thaum lub tsev teev ntuj tseem tsis tau ua tiav, tus thawj tswj hwm tshiab ntawm lub nroog, Domenico Selvo, tau teeb tsa hauv nws. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws (1071-1084) uas thawj lub voj voog ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj mosaic ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj pib. Lub tuam tsev raug fij rau hauv 1094 nyob rau hauv Vital Faliera. Tus kav (dej) no tau muab faus rau hauv ib lub tsev, qhov twg lub tuam tsev narthex niaj hnub no.

St. Mark's Cathedral, daim duab uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no, tau tsim sai heev - hauv peb caug xyoo. Tab sis dhau tsib puas xyoo tom ntej no, nws tau nthuav dav thiab kho kom zoo nkauj.

Cov Venetians tau ntshai tias cov Alexandrians yuav paub txog kev tub sab ntawm lub relics, yog li lawv txiav txim siab tshaj tawm "txoj kev xav" ntawm qhov seem ntawm qhov seem. Ib tug ancient lus dab neeg hais tias cov inhabitantsLub nroog raug txib kom thov Vajtswv thiab yoo mov kom tus Tswv yuav pab nrhiav tau lub relics ntawm Malakaus. Thiab ib zaug Vajtswv "tau hnov" cov lus thov ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog - thaum lub sij hawm ib qho ntawm cov kev pab cuam, ib lub pob zeb marble poob ntawm kem, thiab cov parishioners pom txhais tes ntawm cov neeg dawb huv nyob rau hauv lub qhov. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg - "qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb" tau pab nrhiav cov relics.

Palace Chapel

Tau ntev lawm, St. Mark's Basilica (Venice) yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov thawj coj (doji) tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev no, thiab ntawm no lawv pom lawv qhov chaw nkaum kawg. Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev, cov tub rog tau koob hmoov rau yeej nyob rau hauv lub crusades. Ntawm no cov thawj coj uas tau mus ncig ua si ntev tau txais koob hmoov.

Nyob hauv cov phab ntsa qub no, tus huab tais ntawm Rome - Frederick I Barbarossa - ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb ntev nrog Alexander III. Tsis yog ib lub nroog kev ua koob tsheej tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev ua koob tsheej loj hauv lub tsev teev ntuj no. Ntawm lub square nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tuam tsev, cov nto moo Venetian carnivals tau nrov nrov thiab tseem nrov niaj hnub no, nrog rau lwm yam festive.

St. Mark's Basilica hauv Venice: Architecture

Tsis muaj leej twg yuav tawm tsam cov lus hais tias lub tuam tsev no yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws hauv nroog. Lub tsev loj loj majestic attracts tourists los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Vim li cas St Mark's Basilica thiaj li ntxim nyiam? Nyob rau hauv nws cov vaults, raws li parishioners, yog ib qho kev zoo siab heev. Lub monumentality ntawm tus qauv txhawb kev ntseeg thiab purify tus ntsuj plig.

Tab sis ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev tsim tshwj xeeb. St. Mark's Cathedral, cov lus piav qhia uas tuaj yeem pom hauv txhua phau ntawv qhiahauv Venice, muaj tsib qhov nkag. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj cov duab puab thiab kab hauv ob theem. Zoo nkauj mosaic sau saum toj no cov kev nkag tau qhia txog cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog tub sab ntawm cov neeg dawb huv lub relics thiab lawv cov tsos hauv Venice.

Lub tsib-domed cross-domed Cathedral ntawm St. Mark yog tsim los ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm cov Thwj Tim nyob rau hauv Constantinople. Raws li peb tau hais lawm, lub tuam tsev tau nthuav dav thiab ua kom zoo nkauj rau tsib caug xyoo tom ntej. Ua hauj lwm rau ntawm lub facade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nrog marble pib nyob rau hauv 1159. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th, mosaics tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab domes thiab vaults. Baptiserie thiab Chapel ntawm St. Isidore tau ntxiv rau xyoo 1354. Mascoli Chapel tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, ib yam li cov neeg dawb huv. Nyob rau tom ntej, lub xyoo pua 16th, ib lub tsev teev ntuj Zen tau tshwm sim. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev tau ua tiav tiav thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Qhov no tau lees paub cov duab ntawm nws hauv cov duab los ntawm G. Bellini.

Cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom txog qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov qauv tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tuam tsev. St. Mark's Cathedral yog nws cov architectural dominant. Tus sau ntawm qhov project ntawm lub tsev zoo kawg li yog ib tug Greek architect tsis paub, uas muab tus ntoo khaub lig Byzantine ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv, thiab nws yog crowned nrog plaub domes-kawg, lub thib tsib yog lub hauv paus.

Saum toj lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj koj tuaj yeem pom arches nrog mosaics zoo kawg nkaus. Saum lub ntsiab nkag, xws li ib lub vaj huam sib luag qhia txog scenes los ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Kawg. Nyob rau saum lub ru tsev muaj ib daim qauv ntawm plaub tus nees ua los ntawm tooj liab. Cov duab puab zoo li no tau coj los ntawm Constantinople (1204) ua tsov rog trophy.

Relics ntawm Cathedral

Feem ntau ntawm lub tuam tsev cov khoom qub qub tau xaus rau ntawm notom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Constantinople. Cov no feem ntau suav nrog quadriga, nyob rau sab hnub poob facade. Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv luam, thiab nws cov thawj yog khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub tuam tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb "lub thaj kub" ua los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm zoo Byzantine, lub cim "Madonna Nicopeia".

kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv

St. Mark's Cathedral (Venice) amazes txhua leej txhua tus uas poob rau hauv nws lub vaults nrog ntau cov xim marble, mosaics ntawm biblical scenes. Lawv nyob ib cheeb tsam loj - ntau tshaj plaub txhiab square meters. Amazing fragments ntawm ntau xim iav yog nteg tawm nyob rau hauv lub thinnest nplooj ntawv ntawm kub. Cancer nrog lub relics ntawm St. Lub stamp yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub sparkling gems thiab golden zwm txwv ntawm lub ntsiab thaj chaw. Lub "lub thaj kub" yog ntsia saum toj no - ib qho tshwj xeeb iconostasis, uas tau ua tiav los ntawm Byzantine craftsmen nyob rau hauv 1343 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Venetians.

Cov thav duab gothic ua los ntawm cov nyiaj gilded muaj 250 enamel miniatures, inlaid nrog 2000 semi-precious thiab precious pob zeb. Ntawm lub thaj koj tuaj yeem pom cov xwm txheej ntawm Phau Tshiab thiab lub neej ntawm tus Thwj Tim Mark. Vim tias muaj kub ntau heev, lub tsev teev ntuj qee zaum hu ua "golden basilica".

Hnub no, St. Mark's Cathedral yog lub tuam tsev ua haujlwm. Cov kev pabcuam niaj hnub muaj nyob hauv Chapel ntawm St. Isidore. Muaj ib txwm muaj ntau tsis tau tsuas yog parishioners, tab sis kuj cov qhua ntawm lub nroog ntawm cov kev pab cuam. Txhua hnub koj tuaj yeem mus xyuas St. Mark's Basilica hauv Venice. Lub sijhawm qhib ntawm lub tuam tsev yog qhov yooj yim heev rau kev mus xyuas - txij 9:45 txog 16:00. Ntxiv nrog rau relics,Lub relics ntawm lub tuam tsev muaj xws li: lub icon ntawm lub Virgin ntawm Nicopeia thiab lub relics ntawm martyr Isidore. Yog li ntawd, cov ntseeg Vajtswv los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no los niaj hnub tuaj ntawm no.

St. Mark's Campanile (Venice)

Npauj npaim lub tuam tsev lub npe. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cathedral. Nws nyob ntawm lub ntsiab square ntawm lub nroog. Los ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom tag nrho ntawm Venice, raws li tus qauv yog 99 meters siab, nws yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv Venice.

keeb kwm keeb kwm

Nyob rau tiam 8th muaj ib lub moos nyob ntawm no. Nws tau kub hnyiab hauv qhov hluav taws kub uas tshwm sim tom qab xob laim. Xyoo 1514, lub tswb pej thuam tau tshwm sim hauv lub nroog, uas tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no. Kev tsim kho tau pib los ntawm Admiral Grimani. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau nws kom yeej qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos, txij li ua ntej nws tsis tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm uas tau muab rau nws, nrog rau qhov uas nws tuaj yeem raug txim. Hnub no peb tuaj yeem hais tau tseeb tias Campanile ntawm St. Mark's Cathedral tau tsim los ntawm Grimani.

Lub tsev no yog lub teeb ci rau cov neeg tsav nkoj thiab lub tsev saib xyuas. Los ntawm no koj muaj kev pom zoo ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj yog qhov chaw rau txim rau pawg ntseeg cov thawj coj uas tau pom nyob rau hauv tib-poj niam txiv kev sib raug zoo. Lawv muab tso rau hauv lub tawb tshwj xeeb thiab dai ntawm tus pej thuam.

Kev piav qhia

St. Mark's Campanile muaj tsib lub tswb, thiab lawv txhua tus ua nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tsuas yog thaum sawv ntxov, qhia cov neeg nyob hauv lub hnub twb pib lawm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1902, lub campanile tawg raws ib phab ntsa thiab tawg. Hmoov zoo,tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Tom qab 10 xyoo (1912) tus pej thuam tau rov qab los.

Lub façade ntawm lub loggia muaj peb arches, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog sab kab. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub niches yog bronze pej thuam ntawm Mercury, Minerva, Apollo. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reconstruction ntawm 1912, sab facades, uas yog Ameslikas ua los ntawm cib, tau ntsib nrog marble.