San Marco - Cathedral hauv Venice. Kev piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

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San Marco - Cathedral hauv Venice. Kev piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb
San Marco - Cathedral hauv Venice. Kev piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb
Anonim

Fabulous Ltalis, uas nws qhov kev pom ntsiag to ua tim khawv rau keeb kwm nplua nuj, yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg taug kev. Charming Venice nyob ib qho chaw sib cais ntawm lwm lub nroog ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab nws cov architectural masterpieces paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Medieval monument Basilica di San Marco

Ancient San Marco yog lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Venice, uas tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab medieval. Lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 9, ua rau tib neeg lub siab nyiam, ua rau lawv nrawm dua ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj piv txwv ntawm Byzantine architecture hauv Tebchaws Europe. Xyoo 1987, qhov chaw nyiam tau teev tseg raws li UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Cathedral nyob rau hauv venice piazza san marco
Cathedral nyob rau hauv venice piazza san marco

Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog thiab cov qhua txawv teb chaws qhuas lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ub, uas nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj koob npe hauv ntiaj teb cov nyiaj txiag ntawm kev ua vaj tse.

Saint Mark's Basilica hauv Piazza San Marco

Lub ntsiab kev ntseegLub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Venice yog nyob rau hauv Sestiere San Marco koog tsev kawm ntawv, ntawm lub hauv paus square ntawm tib lub npe (Piazza San Marco), uas yog lub cim ntawm lub nroog. Cov neeg ncig tebchaws feem ntau maj nrawm kom paub txog cov monuments tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws, mus rau nto moo San Marco hauv Venice (square).

Lub tsev teev ntuj, uas nws keeb kwm rov qab mus rau ntau pua xyoo, tau qhia lub zog thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm Venetian Republic. Nws yog Ameslikas npaj hais tias lub relics ntawm St. Mark yuav nyob rau hauv lub basilica, uas nyob rau hauv 829 tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm Italian tub lag luam los ntawm desecration ntawm Muslims thiab coj mus rau lub nroog ntawm dej los ntawm Alexandria. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, ib tug tubtxib saum ntuj tuaj rau ntawm tus tubtxib taug kev hauv npau suav, tshaj tawm tias tom qab tuag nws yuav pom kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv Venice, thiab cov tub lag luam ua tiav nws lub siab kawg. Thaum lub tsev teev ntuj tuaj txog hauv lub nroog, tus tubtxib tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm nws tus neeg saib xyuas.

Nyob rau hauv 832, thawj version ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim, uas tom qab 150 xyoo tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws, tab sis cov seem ntawm cov neeg dawb huv tsis cuam tshuam. Tom qab ntawd, lub basilica tau rov qab los, thiab nws rov zoo siab rau cov parishioners. Nws thawj architectural tsos yog ascetic.

Modern Cathedral ntawm San Marco: piav qhia, keeb kwm, chaw nyob tseeb

Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev niaj hnub no, nyob ntawm 328 San Marco, 30124 Venezia, tau pib xyoo 1063, thiab lub tsev tau fij rau thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua. Tab sis rau ob peb centuries, tus tsim ntawm lub tuam tsev zoo nkauj heev ntawm San Marco txuas ntxiv mus. Lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Venice yog ib qho txawv txawv attraction, vim hais tias nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm cov tiam tshiab ntawm Venetians, uas muab cov tsos ntawm ib tug kev cai dab qhuas monument originality. Thiab vim li ntawd, qhov kev nyiam, uas tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev mus ncig rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, tau dhau los ua lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev kos duab medieval.

San Marco Cathedral piav qhia keeb kwm qhov chaw nyob
San Marco Cathedral piav qhia keeb kwm qhov chaw nyob

Nyob rau hauv lub architectural tsos ntawm lub basilica, ua los ntawm cib, muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua yam ntawm yeej. Marble ntawm zoo heev, Greek bas-reliefs, Gothic capitals ua ib tug zoo kawg nkaus pab pawg neeg. Ua tsaug rau cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, tsis muaj lwm yam txuj ci hauv ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem sib tw hauv kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj nrog San Marco.

Lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv Venice, uas tau nqis mus rau hauv keeb kwm raws li St. Mark's Basilica, tsis tau raug suav hais tias yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, qhov xwm txheej no tau koom nrog lub nroog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Pietro di Castello.

Lub ntiaj teb cov txuj ci tau dhau los ua qhov chaw hauv nroog hauv lub neej: kev ntees tuag ntawm tus phab ej, kev mob siab rau dev thiab lwm yam kev ua koob tsheej tseem ceeb tau tuav ntawm no, cov neeg nyob hauv zos tau mus nrhiav kev nplij siab. Nws yuav tsis yog qhov exaggeration hais tias St. Mark's tau dhau los ua kev ntseeg thiab pej xeem lub cim ntawm lub nroog.

Relics coj los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws

Lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Venice ntawm Piazza San Marco tau txais nws cov khoom siv zoo nkauj ntawm 12th thiab 14th centuries. Cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj yog txawv sijhawm thiab raug coj los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws.

Cov duab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog Greek ntoo khaub lig. Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm Venice, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam txuas nrog Byzantium, tau txais ntau los ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws muaj hwj chim, nrog rau kev tsim lub tsev topped nrog tsib domes zoo li lub teeb.

Facades ntawm cib, uas tsis pom hauv qabmarble cladding, yog decorated nrog ntau yam relics coj mus rau Venice. Piv txwv li, qee qhov kev pab cuam piav qhia txog kev yos hav zoov tau ua nyob rau hauv Byzantium, thaum carved pylons raug coj los ntawm Syria.

Pala d'Oro, ib nrab xyoo hauv kev tsim

Lub majestic San Marco (Cathedral hauv Venice) muaj npe nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb rau nws lub thaj kub tshwj xeeb, lees paub tias yog cov neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Cov medallions me me ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cloisonne enamel yog muab tso rau hauv lub Upper ib feem ntawm lub brightest ntsiab ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev. Cov phiaj xwm kim tau raug coj tawm ntawm Constantinople thiab yog qhov muaj nqis tshaj plaws. Kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb muaj nuj nqis thiab kub, lawv tau lees paub tias yog cov haujlwm tiag tiag.

San marco hauv venice square cathedral keeb kwm
San marco hauv venice square cathedral keeb kwm

Iconostasis thiab ciborium

Lub thaj thaj yog sib cais los ntawm Gothic iconostasis ua los ntawm tsaus liab marble coj los ntawm Constantinople los ntawm lub hauv paus nave. Nws yog crowned nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig loj, thiab 14 sculptures nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub barrier: 12 tug thwj tim, ib tug pej thuam ntawm lub Virgin Mary thiab tus tubtxib Mark.

Ntawm no muaj ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb tshaj lub zwm txwv, hu ua "ciborium". Nyob rau hauv nws, cov relics ntawm tus tubtxib tau khaws cia, pauv nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th los ntawm lub crypt, nyob rau hauv ib tug marble sarcophagus, uas yog txhawb los ntawm plaub alabaster txhua. Txhua tus yog carved nrog reliefs depicting tus nkauj xwb Mary thiab Yexus Khetos.

Crypt ntawm Basilica

Nyob rau hauv 1094, cov relics ntawm tus tubtxib tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug crypt - ib tug vaulted underground chav tsev tsim los khaws cov thaj neeb. Kaw tom qab 400 xyoorau kev mus ntsib. Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Venetian koom pheej, cov kev pabcuam tau pib dua hauv crypt.

St mark's Cathedral hauv venice San Marco's Cathedral
St mark's Cathedral hauv venice San Marco's Cathedral

Nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog openwork marble slab, nyob rau hauv uas lub relics ntawm tus Thwj Tim Mark twb yav tas los khaws cia. Xyoo 1835 lawv raug xa mus rau lub thaj loj ntawm lub tuam tsev. Crete ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm San Marco nyob rau hauv Venice yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kev txaus siab, txij li thaum muaj sia nyob cov seem ntawm nws architectural ntsiab lus, cov kws tshawb fawb hnub rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm thawj lub tsev teev ntuj.

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj?

Saib sab laug ntawm lub basilica yog lub thaj ntawm Madonna, thiab ib sab ntawm nws yog lub tsev teev ntuj Isidore, qhov chaw khaws cov sarcophagus nrog cov seem ntawm cov neeg dawb huv.

Nyob rau sab xis yog kev cai raus dej rau me nyuam mos ua kev cai raus dej. Nws cov phab ntsa yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog marble, thiab cov vaults yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog mosaic compositions. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav tsev yog ib lub pob zeb font nrog lub bronze hau, thiab nyob ib sab ntawm nws, ib tug tombstone tau tsa rau lub festive Doge, Andrea Dandolo.

khoom kim heev mosaic

Mosaic paintings ntawm phab ntsa thiab lub dome ua rau muaj kev qhuas. Ntau yam ntawm lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, thiab cov hnub qub tshaj plaws rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 9th.

Khoom kim heev tsim los ntawm Italian masters uas ua haujlwm nrog iav thiab pob zeb. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam Venetian tau qhia txog kev kos duab ntawm mosaic los ntawm Byzantines, uas feem ntau tuaj xyuas lub nroog.

San Marco Cathedral hauv venice
San Marco Cathedral hauv venice

Muaj yeeb yuj mosaics ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub basilica qhia txog Yexus txoj sia, qhia txog cov neeg ntseeg hauv lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub dome ntawm lub cathedral yog nyobsau "Lub Ascension ntawm Tswv Yexus", thiab ntawm lub arches - ntu ntawm Phau Tshiab.

Marble coj los ntawm Constantinople

Kev zoo nkauj ntawm mosaics ntawm phab ntsa yog amazingly ua ke nrog cov nplua nuj ornamentation ntawm hauv pem teb ua los ntawm ntuj marble slabs.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub pob zeb no hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv XIII xyoo pua. Marble kem los ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm Constantinople tau los ua cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Plaub Crusade. Cov neeg tsim khoom siv cov khoom siv tshiab, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua qub ntawm St. Mark's Cathedral hauv Venice.

Crete San Marco Cathedral hauv venice
Crete San Marco Cathedral hauv venice

Lub Basilica ntawm San Marco tuaj yeem hu ua lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Venetian thiab Byzantine kos duab, qhov uas tsis muaj nqi ntawm kev kos duab tau sau.

History of the quadriga

Saum toj nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj yog plaub tus nees sib tw nto moo uas tau muab tooj liab los ntawm Greek sculptors nyob rau xyoo pua 4 BC. Lub quadriga thawj zaug tau txais kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub triumphal arch hauv Rome, tom qab rau ob peb centuries nws flaunted ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub hippodrome nyob rau hauv Constantinople.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 13th, Venetian Doge Enrique Dandolo, uas tau rub lub teb chaws tawm ntawm kev lag luam ntsoog, ntes lub peev ntawm Byzantine Empire, thiab raws li ib tug trophy coj tawm cov duab puab, uas yog tom qab, los ntawm kev txiav txim. Napoleon, xa mus rau Paris, qhov chaw uas nws sawv ntawm lub square rau txog 18 xyoo Carousels. Tom qab swb ntawm Bonaparte cov tub rog, lub quadriga rov qab mus rau Venice, thiab, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, nws tau hoisted hla lub ntsiab nkag ntawm lub basilica. Thaum tsov rog, cov duab puab nrog ib zaj dab neeg zoo kawg nkaus raug tshem tawm thiab muab zais rau hauv cov chaw nkaum.

nees ntawm San Marco Cathedral hauv venice
nees ntawm San Marco Cathedral hauv venice

Hnub no, cov nees tooj liab ntawm St. Mark's Cathedral nyob rau hauv Venice yog nyob rau hauv Basilica Tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab cov architectural monument yog crowned los ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj executed daim ntawv uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub 70s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Atrium

Los ntawm lub ntsiab nkag, cov neeg tuaj saib nkag mus rau hauv atrium, cov phab ntsa uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog marble thiab mosaics, uas zoo siab rau tus kws kos duab Surikov mus rau qhov tob ntawm nws tus ntsuj plig. Cov canvases qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm Phau Qub, thiab txhua hnub ntawm Vajtswv tsim lub ntiaj teb yog qhia los ntawm ib tug tim tswv snow-dawb. Lub qhov ntxa ntawm tus dogaressa (tus poj niam ntawm Doge) Felicity Michiel, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pob zeb lace, kuj nyob ntawm no.

Nws yooj yim heev los kov cov khoom khaws cia ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Venice thiab tau txais koob hmoov ntawm St. Mark hnub no - tsuas yog mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj uas khaws cov relics ntawm tus tubtxib, uas yog keeb kwm ntawm kev ntseeg thiab keeb kwm ntawm pej xeem..

Cov neeg tuaj saib rau lub basilica tau nthuav tawm nrog cov ntawv keeb kwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub nroog txawv txawv tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej, uas tau nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb rau ntau pua xyoo.

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