Kazansky Cathedral hauv St. Petersburg: keeb kwm, duab thiab chaw nyob. Dab tsi nthuav txog Kazan Cathedral (St. Petersburg)?

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

St. Petersburg yog qhov ncaj ncees lub peev txheej ntawm peb Leej Niam. Tsev khaws puav pheej, theatres, architectural monuments, lub tuam tsev, cathedrals yuav qhia txog qhov kaj thiab qee zaum tragic keeb kwm ntawm Russia yam tsis muaj zais. Lub majestic Kazansky Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog ib tug tim khawv ntawm lub centuries dhau los.

Christmas (Kazan) Church

Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas Kazan Cathedral yog tam sim no, txog 1801 muaj ib lub Koom Txoos ntawm Nativity. Nws tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Anna Ioannovna. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Nativity ntawm Virgin tau siv sijhawm peb xyoos (1733-1736). Thaum Lub Rau Hli 23, 1737, lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua kev zoo siab rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm Empress. Ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd, Kazan Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv raug coj mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Lub tsev teev ntuj no tau coj rov qab los ntawm Peter I hauv xyoo 1708. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau los ua qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Nevsky Prospekt. Lub 58-meter multi-tiered tswb pej thuam yog tiag tiag ib tug masterpiece ntawm architectural art. Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub Koom Txoos Nativity yog M. G. Zemtsov. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Elizabeth Petrovna, lub tuam tsev tau txais cov xwm txheejCathedral.

Kazan Cathedral hauv St. Kev tsim kho keeb kwm

Tab sis ib nrab xyoo tom qab lub tsev tau poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis ua raws li qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Nevsky Prospekt uas tau tsim los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab kom rov tsim kho Kazan Cathedral tag nrho. Xyoo 1799, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Tsar Paul I, kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm rau kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab. Ib qho ntawm cov kev cai ntawm tus kav yog tias nws yuav tsum zoo ib yam li Roman Cathedral ntawm St. Peter, tsa los ntawm Renaissance kws kes duab vajtse Michelangelo Buonarroti. Cov kws tsim vaj tsev tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws: nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom haum rau cov qauv monumental nrog lub colonnade rau hauv qhov chaw me me uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li Orthodox canons, lub thaj yuav tsum tau ntsib sab hnub tuaj. Yog li ntawd, lub façade ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum fim tsis yog Nevsky Prospekt, tab sis Meshchanskaya Street (tam sim no Kazanskaya).

Ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau nthuav tawm lawv cov haujlwm, xws li Gonzaga P., Voronikhin A. N., Cameron C. thiab Thomas de Thomon J. F. Thaum xub thawj, Paul Kuv nyiam qhov project ntawm C. Cameron, tab sis tom qab kev pab ntawm suav Stroganov., kev tsim kho tau muab tso rau plaub caug-xyoo-laus kws kes duab vajtse Andrei Nikiforovich Voronikhin. Nyob rau hauv 1800, lub Cathedral ntawm Peb Poj Niam ntawm Kazan pib tsim rau sab qab teb ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Nativity. Txhua lub sijhawm no lub tuam tsev tseem ua haujlwm ntxiv. Lub Kazan Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau npaj yuav tsim nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoos, tab sis kev tsim kho tau ncua mus rau kaum ib xyoo ntev. Nws coj qhov chaw tawm tsam lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug zoo patriotic upsurge, uas yog lub tswv yim ntawm Count Stroganov.kom koom nrog tsuas yog Lavxias tus tswv hauv kev ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev kuj tseem nyob hauv tsev. Kev ua haujlwm, uas ntau txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm tau koom nrog, tau tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj, cov khoom siv yuav luag tsis tuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kaum ib xyoo nws muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug masterpiece ntawm architectural art. Lub tuam tsev nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 71 meters, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd - ib tug loj loj. Kazansky Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau ua ib tug majestic monument ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture.

Architecture

Raws li tau hais los saum no, kev tsim kho ntawm Kazan Cathedral tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Txij li thaum, raws li Orthodox canons, lub thaj yuav tsum fim sab hnub tuaj, lub ntsiab nkag mus rau Meshchanskaya Street. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntsib Nevsky Prospekt ua ib sab phab ntsa. Voronikhin ua ib lub me me semicircular square, uas yog piav qhia los ntawm ib tug colonnade ntawm 95 kab. Thiab ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis, nws xaus nrog monumental portals. Lub colonnade kaw lub ntsiab lub cev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws muaj ib tug pem hauv ntej portico. Thiab tib neeg tau txais kev xav tias lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub tuam tsev nyob ntawm no. Lub tsev teev ntuj yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug Latin ntoo khaub lig, ib tug grandiose dome nce saum toj no txoj kev.

Kev kho kom zoo nkauj

Kazansky Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg impresses nrog nws zoo nkauj thiab grandeur. Ntau xim tau them rau sab nrauv thiab sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj. Ntau tus paub zoo tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov duab puab thiab bas-reliefs, xws li I. P. Alexander Nevsky), I. P. Martos (ib tug tooj liab daim duab ntawm John the Baptist, ib tug bas-relief "Lub outflow ntawm dej los ntawm Mauxes nyob rau hauv cov suab puam"), F. G. Gordeev (bas-reliefs "Annunciation", "Adoration of the shepherds", " Adoration of the Magi", "Flight into Egypt"). Rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, cov cim tau pleev xim los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th: O. A. Kiprensky, V. L. Borovikovsky, V. K. Shebuev, G. I. Ugryumov, F. A. Bruni, K. P. Bryullov. Marble, shungite, jasper, Finnish granite tau siv rau sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj.

Cathedral nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th

Ib xyoos tom qab kev fij tseg, kev thov Vajtswv tau ua haujlwm hauv lub tuam tsev ua kev qhuas txog kev xa cov tub rog Lavxias mus ua rog. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov kuj tau mus txib tub rog los ntawm cov phab ntsa. Kazansky Cathedral nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau dhau los ua qhov chaw zaum kawg ntawm tus thawj coj zoo, nws tau faus rau hauv lub crypt ntawm lub tuam tsev. Thiab ib xyoos tom qab, kev ua koob tsheej tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm no nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog dhau Fabkis conquerors. Kazansky Cathedral (St. Petersburg) tau ua ib tug monument ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog muaj koob meej. Nws muaj cov khoom plig coj rov qab los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.

Txoj hmoo ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub sijhawm tom qab kev hloov pauv

Txoj hmoo nyuaj tos lub tuam tsev tom qab xyoo 1917. Kev pehawm Vajtswv tau tso tseg lawm. Tus ntoo khaub lig raug tshem tawm ntawm lub kupala, thiab ib lub pob gilded nrog ib tug spire tau muab tso rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Kazansky Cathedral (St. Petersburg) tau hloov mus rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Ntseeg thiab Atheism. Ntau lub cim tau pauv mus rau Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias. Lub cim ntawm Kazan Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau pauv mus rau Prince-Vladimir Tsev khaws puav pheej. Qhov chaw sab hauv tau muab faib ua exhibition halls. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv, sab hauv tau raug puas tsuaj, ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej tsuas yog looted. Xyoo 1941, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Ntseeg thiab Atheism tau raug kaw ib ntus, thiab cov rooj sib tham tau tuav hauv lub tsev teev ntuj raws li lub npe "Patriotic War of 1812" thiab "Cov Tub Rog Yav Dhau Los ntawm Cov Neeg Lavxias." Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, St. Petersburg raug kev txom nyem heev los ntawm kev foob pob ntawm Nazi invaders. Lub Kazan Cathedral, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm, tsis muaj qhov zam. Ob peb lub plhaub ntaus lub tuam tsev. Tom qab tsov rog rov los lawm.

Cathedral hnub no

1991 yog qhov tseem ceeb tshiab hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev - nws tau rov qhib dua rau kev pe hawm. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub icon ntawm Kazan Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau rov qab mus rau lub cathedral. Thiab peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, ib tug ntoo khaub lig golden tau tsa dua rau ntawm lub dome. Xyoo 1998, lub tswb nrov saum Kazan Cathedral, thiab lub suab rov qab los rau nws dua. Lub tswb tau muab pov rau ntawm B altic Shipyard. Xyoo 2003, tib tsob nroj tau muab lub tuam tsev plaub-tuj tswb, uas tau los ua qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv Kazan Cathedral. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2000 lub tsev teev ntuj tau los ua ib tug cathedral. Kev pabcuam Vajtswv feem ntau muaj nyob hauv lub tuam tsev nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm Orthodox hierarchy. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 12, txhua xyoo, kev cai dab qhuas los ntawm Kazan Cathedral mus rau Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, ntau tus xibhwb tau hloov pauv hauv nws. Tam sim no tus rector yog Archpriest Pavel Grigoryevich Krasnotsvetov, yug hauv 1932.

Chaw nyob thiab teevua haujlwm

Kazan Cathedral nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob: St. Petersburg, Nevsky Prospect, 25. Lub tuam tsev qhib txhua hnub: hnub ua haujlwm txij 8.30, hnub so ntawm 6.30. Nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj yog dawb.