Qhov zoo ntawm lub qhov tsua karst nyiam ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg nyiam kev zoo nkauj thiab kev xav tsis thoob, ib yam nkaus, tsuas yog tom qab pom Pinega qhov tsua hauv daim duab, nyiam mus xyuas qhov ntawd. Lub ciam teb yog ib cheeb tsam tiv thaiv xeev, thiab yog li ntawd nws cov nyiaj txiag thiab qhov xwm txheej tseem tsis tau raug puas tsuaj, tab sis zoo nkauj ennobled. Paub tias txwv tsis pub cov neeg uas xav mus xyuas nws yog ua kom lawv nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsis raug cai, kev mus ncig ua si tau teeb tsa. Dab tsi yog suav nrog hauv kev ncig xyuas? Vim li cas lub qhov tsua thiaj zoo nkauj heev? Dab tsi ntxiv yog qhov khaws cia hauv nws tus kheej?
Rich Pinezhye
cheeb tsam no muaj kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb vim hav zoov. Txog 505 hom ntoo thuv, tsob ntoo deciduous thiab spruces loj hlob hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj txog 40 hom nceb noj tau tuaj yeem pom ntawm no! Aphyllophoraceae yog qhov zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb - lawv loj hlob los ntawm cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo thiab dai ntawm nws. Lawv muab qhov kev xav tias ib tug neeg ncig tebchaws uas tau mus ncig ntawm no tau pom nws tus kheej hauv zaj dab neeg.
Flora thiab fauna ntawm Pinezhsky Reserve yog qhov txawv ntawm nws keeb kwm. Cov kws tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb yog saib ntawm Sotka, uas yog thaj tsam ntawm cov ntoo deciduous ntawm ib sab ntawm lub reservoir, uas nyob rau ntawm no yog kwv yees li 200-300 xyoo. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntoo tso cai rau peb taug qab cov xyoo twg tshwj xeeb qhuav thiab tsis zoo rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm thaj av no, thiab qhov twg tau fruitful.
Tus Dej Sotka kuj txawv los ntawm nws cov neeg nyob hauv: salmon, greyling, whitefish thiab ntau hom ntses ntau dua tau pom lawv lub tsev nyob ntawm no. Yog li, fauna pab khaws cia cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj kev puas tsuaj. Ntawm cov nroj tsuag vascular, thiab muaj 213 hom kab mob, nyob rau hauv cia koj tuaj yeem pom 30% ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas nyob ntsiag to nyob ib sab.
Caves - pearls ntawm thaj av Pinega
Pinezhsky qhov tsua tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog kev txaus siab ntawm cov ciam teb, nkag mus tob hauv av thiab tsim ib qho kev sib tw ntawm cov chav ua yeeb yam thiab nqaim. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 467 ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, thiab 91 nyob rau hauv lub reserve nws tus kheej. Kaum ntawm lawv muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 1 km thiab yog ob qho tib si ywj siab units thiab interconnected, tsim ib tug network ntawm kev tawm thiab kev hloov.
Cov kev tawm feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm thaj av ntawm thaj av ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Sotka, lawv muaj kab rov tav. Vertical tshwm sim, tab sis tsis tshua muaj. Tunnels kuj tseem nyob ntau zaus horizontally, qee zaum mus diagonally down. Qhov tob yog los ntawm 10 mus rau 30 meters. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov tunnels txuas rau hauv labyrinths, qhov chaw thiab cov tsev, uas muaj lawv cov npe raws li cov paib sab nraud lossisxwm txheej keeb kwm.
Lub hnub nyoog ntawm qee lub qhov tsua Pinega nce mus txog 8 txhiab xyoo. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv tectonic kab nrib pleb, periodically sau nrog dej. Yog li ntawd, dej nyab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tau pab tsim cov kab hauv av, dej nyab tag nrho cov tsev, cov pas dej hauv lub qhov tsua, cov kwj deg hauv av thiab txawm tias ntau qhov dej tsaws tsag.
Golubinsky tsis ua haujlwm
Qhov ntev tshaj plaws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kev nyab xeeb, yog Golubinsky tsis ua haujlwm - lub qhov tsua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Golbinsky karst massif. Nws ncav cuag 1620 m, qhia nws cov kev zoo nkauj rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv qhov av ntawm ntau qhov siab thiab dav thoob plaws nws qhov ntev. Qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub qhov tsua yog tsim los ntawm kev tso nyiaj, uas muaj ntau ntau: carbonate deposits, stalagmites, crusts, stalactites, stalagmates (txuas kev loj hlob ntawm stalactites thiab stalagmites).
Cov dej khov tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj: los ntawm lub vijtsam pob tshab koj tuaj yeem pom qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov tsua. Ice ridges thiab crusts dai ntawm lub vaults ntawm lub tsev nrog rau stalactites, thiab cov dej tsaws tsag nco ntsoov tias muaj dej tsaws tsag tiag tiag hauv nws qhov chaw, khov vim qhov txias txias. Saum lub taub hau yuav luag txhua lub sij hawm muaj cov muaju, whimsically ci nyob rau hauv lub rays ntawm lub teeb.
Kev sib txawv ntawm Pinega qhov tsua system
Cov lus nug uas nquag nug tom ntej, tom qab qhov chaw Pinega qhov tsua nyob, yog cov lus nug uas zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Qhov zoo tshaj plawsyog:
- Ice yoj.
- Kumichevka-Vizborovskaya.
- Paj Huab Huab Tais Ntuj.
- Crystal.
- Constitutional.
- Lub caij ntuj no zaj dab neeg.
- tub yees (loj thiab me).
- Pekhorovsky ua tsis tiav (Golubinskaya).
- Severyanka.
- Geographic Society.
Nyob qhov tsua loj
Qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov labyrinths hauv av suav nrog hauv qhov system ntawm Pinega qhov tsua. Ntawm lawv, Bolshaya Pekhorovskaya, Severyanka thiab Leningradskaya yog cov loj tshaj plaws, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub reserve. Lub qhov tsua Kulogorodskaya kuj nyob rau hauv lub cia, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Kologora nws tus kheej. Nws yog kab rov tav thiab muaj ob peb lub pas dej sib sib zog nqus kom txaus siab rau cov neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj uas tsis muaj kev paub.
Lub qhov tsua Leningrad kuj yog kab rov tav, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hnyav kom pom nws qhov chaw koj tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tsis tuaj yeem nce qhov ntawd tsis tau npaj - tom qab kwv yees li 1600 meters yuav muaj qhov dej nyab.
Yuav ua li cas los ntawm koj tus kheej?
Koj tuaj yeem mus xyuas qhov chaw khaws cia nrog phau ntawv qhia, tab sis muaj cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas xav ua kev ywj pheej mus rau Pinega qhov tsua. Yuav ua li cas rau lawv yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus uas tsis tau mus rau qhov chaw no, tab sis leej twg npau suav pom lawv qhov zoo nkauj.
Pinega ntawm thaj av Arkhangelsk (Russia) tuaj yeem pom ntawm yuav luag txhua daim duab qhia. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev mus rau Pinega qhov tsua yog tiag tiag thiab ua tau. Txoj kev asph alt mus rau Pinega, ntawm ob lub tsheb npav thiabneeg nrog caij.
Muaj ob txoj kev mus:
- Thawj - tig los ntawm Arkhangelsk, mus rau lub zos Pinega, tom qab ntawd Golubino, thiab hauv Krasnaya Gorka muaj ib lub tsev qhua uas koj tuaj yeem nyob.
- Txoj kev thib ob yog hla Arkhangelsk, hla M8 txoj kev loj mus rau lub zos Kholmogory. Koj tsis tas yuav tsav tsheb mus rau lub zos nws tus kheej, tab sis koj yuav tsum tig mus rau lub zos Ust-Pinega. Nws hla tus dej. Ferries khiav hauv lub caij ntuj sov, thiab hla dej khov hauv lub caij ntuj no. Los ntawm qhov ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub zos Pinega, Golubino thiab Krasnaya Gorka.
Cov lus qhia dav dav rau "pib cavers"
Lub qhov tsua yog av ntub thiab tsis yog qhov chaw huv tshaj plaws - koj yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws tsis muaj leej twg yuav quaj yog tias lawv tsoo los yog qias neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kub hauv Pinega qhov tsua tseem nyob ntawm 2 ° C txhua xyoo puag ncig, thiab yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum muaj txoj phuam qhwv caj dab, lub kaus mom sov thiab hnab looj tes nrog koj. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias ob nkawm khaub ncaws sov yog npaj nyob ze ntawm lub hauv paus. Tom qab ntau teev ntawm kev mus ncig, koj yuav xav ntxuav thiab sov so.
Cov teeb taws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov cavers. Lawv yuav tsum muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha. Nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom nqa cov roj teeb seem. Cov khau looj plab yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj dej, vim yog tias lawv ntub hauv qhov tsua, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev khov yuav nce sai dua, thiab cov neeg raug tsim txom tseem yuav tau tos txoj kev rov qab, npog nrog daus.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus xyuas lub qhov tsua nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab thawj lub hlis ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - cov stalactites yog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lawv qhov loj, thaum lub sijhawm so ntawm cov dej khov yaj, thiab qhov zoo li no tsis tau pom dua. ligcaij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov yog fraught nrog qhov tseeb hais tias ntau lub qhov tsua yuav raug nyab thiab feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yuj qhov chaw tsuas yog tsis pom.
Pinezhsky qhov tsua. Excursion ntawm Arkhangelsk
Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ntawd tsis yog los ntawm tsheb, mus rau ntawm koj tus kheej thiab kawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm thaj av. Muaj ib qho excursion rau lub qhov tsua Pinezhsky, uas yog npaj los ntawm cov chaw ncig tebchaws. Yog li, qhov chaw ncig xyuas chaw ntawm Victoria Bulatova muaj tag nrho cov kev pab cuam:
- Tshuaj yej haus, qhov twg kho nrog Pinega cheesecakes - shanezhki.
- Mus saib Golubinsky tsis ua haujlwm - lub qhov tsua hauv qhov chaw cia.
- Lunch.
- Rov hav zoov dhau ntawm "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" - dej tsaws tsag txaus ntshai.
- Krasnogorsk Bogoroditsky Monastery, tam sim no tsis ua haujlwm.
Tawm mus yog teem caij thaum 7:00, thiab tawm ntawm 17:00 mus rau Arkhangelsk. Kev mus ncig ua si yuav tsim nyog rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm preschool thiab cov hnub nyoog kawm ntawv thaum ntxov, rau lawv cov chaw zoo nkauj no yuav yog ib zaj dab neeg tiag tiag. Tus nqi ntawm kev mus ncig yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pab pawg: koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj lub chaw ncig tebchaws nrog ib pab pawg uas twb tau tsim los ntawm 20-30 tus neeg lossis tos kom txog thaum muaj cov neeg xav tau. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, koj tsis tuaj yeem suav rau hnub tshwj xeeb - koj yuav tsum tos cov lus hais txog thaum twg kev mus ncig yuav raug teem sijhawm. Qhov kev xaiv kim tshaj plaws yog kev mus txawv tebchaws lossis ib pab pawg me me txog li 10 tus neeg.
Niam teb zoo nkauj
Russia yog ib lub tebchaws zoo nkauj,tsis ntseeg. Cov chaw muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev thiab muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm kev cia siab feem ntau tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov chaw muaj npe nrov hauv Turkey, Egypt lossis European lub tebchaws. Thiab kev nplij siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab hinterland muaj peev xwm hloov tau ntau lub sijhawm: tsis muaj nuj nqis ntxiv, teeb meem thiab ua haujlwm. Zoo li pog lub ncuav yuav ci sai sai no, thiab nws yuav rov qab mus tsev dua noj hmo.
Nrog cov kev xav sov so, ntau tus tawm ntawm qhov cia. Thiab lub qhov tsua, uas lub cev tso tawm txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij tau txais kev cob qhia rau lawv, impress nrog cov muaju, cov duab txawv txawv thiab lawv keeb kwm. Qee lub sij hawm ib tus neeg hauv tsev uas tau nyob hauv qhov tsua thawj zaug tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij tus kws tshaj lij uas tsis pom lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej yam tsis muaj thaj tsam ntawm cov labyrinths hauv av, cov tsev sib tsoo av thiab cov qhov tob tob.
