Fort Kronstadt. Virtual ncig saib

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub nroog St. Petersburg yog ib lub chaw ncig ntiaj teb. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub tias nws qhov chaw pom tsis yog nyob hauv thaj av loj xwb. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tsev khaws puav pheej, cathedrals, kwj dej thiab palaces nrog cov tiaj ua si, sab qaum teb lub nroog ntawm Russia tuaj yeem khav theeb ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv qub. Tom qab tag nrho, Peter lub Great, tsim ib lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg ntawm Swedes, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws kev nyab xeeb los ntawm lub hiav txwv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Gulf of Finland, nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb sab, nws hais kom tsim kho fortresses fortresses nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tus yeeb ncuab fleet tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov citadels, lawv yuav tsum tau ntsib los ntawm Fort Kronstadt. Nws nyob ntawm cov kob ntawm Kotlin, tsuas yog nees nkaum kilometers ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub mainland, nyob rau hauv St. Cia wb mus ncig ua si ntawm kev tiv thaiv kawg ntawm lub nroog ntawm Neva.

Rise of the first fort

Kotlin Island tau hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwmtxawm tias ua ntej St. Petersburg tau tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb. Lub kaum plaub caug xyoo "Orekhovsky Peace Treaty" xaiv nws raws li ib tug ciam teb point ntawm lub Kingdom ntawm Sweden thiab lub Novgorod koom pheej. Tab sis peb puas xyoo tom qab ntawd, cov kob tau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm nws cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb. Cov Swedes siv Kotlin rau lub caij ntuj sov chaw nres tsheb ntawm lawv cov nkoj. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1703, Peter kuv tau hais kom tsim lub fortress ntawm cov kob. Nyob rau hauv ib lub caij ntuj no, Kotlin tau fortified nrog ib tug dag embankment stretching ntawm nws los ntawm lub mainland. Lub sijhawm no, Gulf of Finland yog qhov ntiav heev, thiab lub pas dej ua ke no ua rau cov nkoj loj hla tsis tau. Thaum kev rov pib dua xyoo 1704, Swedes pom tias nws tsis tuaj yeem mus rau Neva Bay, thiab lub fort towered ntawm lawv cov kob. Nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis, lub fortress ntawm ib tug txawv teb chaws thaj av tau fij tseg thiab hu ua Kronshlot (los ntawm Dutch "Royal Castle"). Qhov no yog thawj lub fort. Kronstadt raws li lub nroog-fortress tshwm sim tom qab. Kronshlot nyob rau sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Kotlin Island.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub forts thiab lub nroog Kronstadt

Peter the Great xav kom thaj chaw no ua neeg nyob. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm, burghers thiab cov tub lag luam pib tsiv mus rau cov kob. Txhawm rau txhawb kom cov nom tswv tsiv mus rau Kotlin, Peter kuv tau hais kom tsim nws lub tsev nyob ntawm no. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov kev nyiam no tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Tab sis A. Menshikov tau nyob ntawm cov kob hauv Italian Palace. Nyob rau hauv 1706, lub Alexander Shanets redoubt tau tsim nyob rau sab hnub poob ntug dej ntawm lub Kotlin. Thiab nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1723, Peter kuv nteg lub hauv paus pob zeb fort Kronstadt nyob rau hauv ib tug solemn ceremony. Lub npe yog, dua, txhais los ntawm Dutch txhais tau tias"Royal nroog" Txog lub sijhawm no, twb muaj ntau lub tsev nyob hauv cov kob. Vajntxwv hais kom lub fortress tshiab yuav thaiv tag nrho lub nroog nrog cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv, nrog rau cov chaw nres nkoj. Lub nroog no tau ua tiav xyoo 1747.

Southern forts ntawm Kronstadt

Cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog tau rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov no yog xav tau los ntawm kev tsim tub rog technology. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov riam phom loj tshaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tuaj yeem, cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog tau tsim kho cov qub qub thiab txhim kho tshiab forts. Tam sim no, muaj nees nkaum-ib lub fortifications nyob rau hauv St. Kaum xya ntawm lawv nyob ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm Gulf of Finland. Cov forts ntawm Kronstadt nce ncaj qha los ntawm dej (daim duab ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj) ua rau ib tug indelible tswv yim rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv no tau muab faib ua sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb (nyob ntawm qhov chaw txheeb ze rau Kotlin Island). Thawj qhov tshwm sim, raws li peb nco qab, yog Kronshlot. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ntxiv los ntawm xya lub forts nyob rau sab qab teb: Thawj thiab thib ob, Milyutin, Emperor Pavel I, Roj teeb, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Menshikov thiab Emperor Alexander I.

Northern forts ntawm Kronstadt

Cov fortresses tau hu ua thawj zaug ntsib cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Tseem muaj xya ntawm lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau thaiv txoj kev ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nkoj mus rau St. Petersburg, lawv yuav tsum tiv thaiv Kronstadt nws tus kheej. Fort Severny No. 2 tseem nyob ntawm cov kob, thaum lwm qhov txuas nrog Kotlin thiab thaj av loj los ntawm Txoj Kev Ring. Muaj ob lub fortressesLub npe Krasnoarmeiskaya thiab Pervomaiskaya.

Forts ntawm Kotlin Island

Ua ntej tshaj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau lub nroog Kronstadt. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Central Citadel, encircling lub kev sib haum xeeb, auxiliary fortifications raug tsa. Thaum xub thawj lawv yog earthen ramparts (entrenches). Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tawm tsam thev naus laus zis, kev tiv thaiv fortifications kuj tau tsim kho dua tshiab. Rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws, Fort Citadel yog qhov txaus siab tshwj xeeb. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1724, thiab kaum xyoo tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov lub npe Peter I. Thaum tsov rog nrog cov Swedes tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1808, ob lub roj teeb tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cov kob, uas tam sim no hu ua Fort Konstantin. Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Kotlin, ntawm qhov nto qaub ncaug, nce lub Reef. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb redoubt ntawm 1706, Alexander fort Schanz tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Kronstadt raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog German nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Gulf of Finland - los ntawm Zelenogorsk mus rau Beloostrov.

Excursions rau Kronstadt

Kotlin Island, uas tam sim no nyob, tuaj yeem mus txog ntawm txoj kev thiab dhau ntawm qhov av hauv av. Tam sim no lub nroog fort ntawm Kronstadt tau dhau los ua ib cheeb tsam ntawm St. Fortifications ntawm cov kob ntawm Kotlin tuaj yeem pom ntawm koj tus kheej. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev poob siab vim yog dej nyab tsis tu ncua. Txhawm rau pom cov forts ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, koj yuav tsum mus ncig ua si dej. Cov kev taug kev caij nkoj no tsuas muaj nyob rau lub caij sov sov xwb. Tours tawm ntawm Fort Constantine. Tab sis cov neeg ncig teb chaw tsis tau tsaws saum ntug dej rau kev tshuaj xyuaskob fortifications.