Kazan Kremlin: duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Cathedral ntawm Annunciation nyob rau hauv Kazan Kremlin

Cov txheej txheem:

Kazan Kremlin: duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Cathedral ntawm Annunciation nyob rau hauv Kazan Kremlin
Kazan Kremlin: duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Cathedral ntawm Annunciation nyob rau hauv Kazan Kremlin
Anonim

Lub peev ntawm Tatarstan - ib qho ntawm cov chaw qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev vam meej - raug hu los ntawm ntau "lub nroog ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb". Tseeb tiag, ntau tshaj li ib tiam ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws qhia ntawv, kws sau paj lug thiab cov kws ua haujlwm, cov thawj coj thiab cov phab ej tau loj hlob hauv thaj av Kazan, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev pom thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog txuas nrog txoj hmoo ntawm Derzhavin, Pushkin, Chaliapin, L. Tolstoy, Lobachevsky thiab lwm tus.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Kazan, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis thiab kev khaws cia ntawm kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam, yog xyaum tsis inferior rau tej megacities xws li St. Petersburg los yog Moscow. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas nws yog suav hais tias yog lub thib peb lub peev ntawm Russia. Nws cov architectural monuments muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Thiab xws li masterpieces li Syuyumbike - lub leaning pej thuam, lub tsev qub tshaj plaws los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai, lub Annunciation Cathedral ntawm lub Kazan Kremlin uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, Cannon Yard complex (txij li thaum Petrovsky lub sij hawm), xav tsis thoob nrog lawv architectural ntaub ntawv.. Ntxiv mus, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Palace nrog Kul-Sharif Mosque tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub ntiaj tebkhoom muaj nqis.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kazan Kremlin
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kazan Kremlin

Raws li kev txhawb nqa ntawm UNESCO tau coj tsuas yog Tatar fortress uas muaj nyob niaj hnub no hauv ntiaj teb, ua ntau pua xyoo dhau los thiab khaws nws cov yam ntxwv qub. Nov yog Kazan Kremlin, ib daim duab uas tau coj los tsev los ntawm txhua tus neeg ncig tebchaws uas tau tuaj xyuas lub nroog no.

Pearl ntawm Tatarstan

Thawj lub tsev nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub fortress tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ib. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov pab pawg neeg Bulgar tau nyob saum toj, uas lub tsev qub tam sim no nthuav tawm, thiab pib tsim ib lub chaw tub rog ntoo - Kazan Kremlin.

Kazan tsim, thiab lub citadel nrog nws cov mausoleums thiab mosques muaj mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1552 lub nroog twb puas lawm los ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, kev tsim kho pib rau lwm, tshiab Lavxias teb sab fortress nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej ntawm lub Volga. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Pskov craftsmen, coj los ntawm Postnik Yakovlev thiab Ivan Shiryai.

Kazan Kremlin
Kazan Kremlin

Architecture

Lub Kazan Kremlin yog framed los ntawm ib tug ancient fortress phab ntsa. Nws yog kiag li ua los ntawm dawb Volga limestone. Lub yees ntawm Kazan Kremlin nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm yim daim hnub rov qab mus rau lub kaum rau xyoo pua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral tau tsim. Ib me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua yim, Syuyumbike, ib tug leaning pej thuam, tau tsim. Lub complex ntawm lub tsev ntawm Cannon Yard thiab Junker Tsev Kawm Ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, thiab lub Kul-Sharif Mosque yog nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm.

Lub roob uas Kazan Kremlin ua tau yog ib puag ncig los ntawm dej ntawm peb sab. Nws yogqhov chaw zoo tshaj los tsim ib lub fort. Thawj lub fortifications ntawm Bulgar nomadic pab pawg neeg tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm ib tug me me ntawm lub thib kaum thiab kaum ib centuries, txawm hais tias ib co archaeological pom yog pov thawj hais tias ib tug kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub site no ntau ua ntej.

Keeb Kwm ntawm Kazan Kremlin

Lub pob zeb fortress tau tsim los tiv thaiv sab qaum teb ciam teb ntawm Volga Bulgaria. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua thib kaum peb, cov tub rog Mongol, coj los ntawm Batu Khan, tau nce siab heev nyob rau sab hnub tuaj tob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe. Lub dominance ntawm Golden Horde tau tsim tsis tsuas yog nyob rau Russia thiab Crimea. Tib lub sijhawm, Bulgaria kuj poob, tig mus rau hauv lub xeev Mongol.

Keeb kwm ntawm Kazan Kremlin
Keeb kwm ntawm Kazan Kremlin

Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub nroog Bulgar, lub nroog tshiab tau tsiv mus rau Kazan. Lub zos Kremlin tau los ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus kav, thiab lub nroog nws tus kheej tau hloov npe. Tab sis cov neeg hauv zos tsis tau txais lub npe tshiab, yog li ntawd tus thawj tswj hwm hu ua Kazan ulus.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Golden Horde hauv 1438, ib qho kev ywj pheej khanate tau tsim. Kev ua haujlwm nquag pib ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa zeb ntawm Kremlin. Lawv, raws li cov neeg sau keeb kwm, tau dhau los ua "tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua."

Ib lub palace thiab mosques tau tsim tsa rau ntawm thaj chaw - lub pob zeb Nur-Ali thiab ntoo Khan, uas tom qab ntawd tau muab lub npe hu ua seid Kul-Sharif. Nws yog tus uas tiv thaiv Kazan Kremlin los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv 1552.

Russian fortress

Hnub no tsis muaj ib lub tsev uas Khan tau dim lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua lub Kazan Kremlin hloov mus ua ib tug Lavxias teb sabfortress, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Muslim tsev - "lub hom phiaj ntawm infidelity" - pib tsim Orthodox pawg ntseeg. Txawm tias Syuyumbike, ua yuam kev los ntawm lub tsev ntawm Khan lub sij hawm mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua puv 19, tau tsim ntau tom qab, twb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub sij hawm. Thiab cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus, lawv cov architecture, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pilasters thiab qhov chaw rau cov duab.

Tom qab kev kov yeej lub nroog, Ivan tus txaus ntshai tau xa cov kws tsim vaj tsev nyob ntawd. Lawv pib lub tsev tshiab. Thaum xub thawj, cov qauv tseem ceeb - cov tuam tsev thiab cov yees - tau ua los ntawm ntoo. Nws ntseeg hais tias thawj lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm St. Nicholas tus Wonderworker.

Imperial residence

Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, Nicholas kuv txiav txim siab tias tus tswv xeev ntawm lub nroog yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus tswv xeev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau xav tias Kazan Kremlin, daim duab uas ua tim khawv rau lub monumentality ntawm no architectural complex, yuav ua lub imperial chaw nyob. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, kev tsim kho ntawm tus tswv xeev lub palace pib. Lub tsev yog tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Konstantin Ton. Nws yog nws uas tuaj nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib tug me me analogue ntawm lub Grand Kremlin Palace nyob rau hauv Kazan. Nicholas kuv tus kheej tau ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho, vim li ntawd, lub tsev tau dhau los ua ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw Lavxias-Byzantine style, kho kom zoo nkauj Kazan Kremlin.

Tour

Kazan Kremlin Kazan
Kazan Kremlin Kazan

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm txhiab xyoo, lub complex ntawm architectural monuments tau rov hloov nws cov tsos. Tab sis masonry khaws cia tob hauv avlub hauv paus ntawm ancient mosques thiab yees, nrog rau ntau faus neeg, tseem nyob twj ywm. Tam sim no lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kazan Kremlin qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm thaj chaw, mob siab rau tsis yog rau lub fortress qub, tab sis kuj rau keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg, kab lis kev cai Islamic thiab xwm txheej ntawm thaj av no feem ntau. Kuj tseem muaj qhov nco txog Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj hauv kev nco txog peb puas thiab tsib caug txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv Tatarstan uas tsis tau rov qab los pem hauv ntej.

Spasskaya Ntauwd

Ntauwd ntawm Kazan Kremlin
Ntauwd ntawm Kazan Kremlin

Thawj yam uas cov neeg ncig tebchaws pom thaum mus txog Kazan Kremlin yog Spasskaya Ntauwd. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv Bulgarian style thiab crowned nrog ib tug ob-headed dav dawb hau. Lub pej thuam tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1660. Nws tau rov kho dua thiab rov tsim dua.

Ntxiv rau Spasskaya Ntauwd, xya lub tsev zoo sib xws tau khaws cia nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress - Voskresenskaya, Preobrazhenskaya, Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Sab Hnub Poob, Konsistorskaya, Bezymyanny thiab Taynitskaya.

Syuyumbike

Lub tsev nyiam qhov tseem ceeb hauv pawg. Siab dua li lub npe nrov Leaning Ntauwd los ntawm ob meters, lub pej thuam no pib lean tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tsim kho tiav. Los ntawm 1930, nws lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination tau mus txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puas thiab nees nkaum yim centimeters. Thiab yog tias nws tsis yog rau kev kho dua tshiab thiab ntxiv dag zog, nws cov yob yuav ua tau ntau dua.

Lub Syuyumbike Ntauwd yog hu ua lub cim kev tsim vaj tsev pom zoo ntawm lub peev ntawm Tatarstan. Nws yog twb tsis yooj yim sua xav txog Kazan tsis muaj nws, ib yam li tim lyiv teb chaws tsis muaj lub pyramids, thiab Paris tsis muaj Eiffel Ntauwd.

Syyumbike
Syyumbike

Lub silhouette zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev no nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, thiab cov dab neeg hais txog nwsLegends thiab myths xwb yeej fascinating. Ntawm no yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Ivan tus txaus ntshai, uas kov yeej Kazan, nyiam poj huab tais zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, tus zoo nkauj Syuyumbike, uas tau txais daim ntawv thov kev sib yuav los ntawm Lavxias teb sab sovereign, teem ib tug mob: tsim nyob rau hauv xya hnub xws li ib tug pej thuam, siab tshaj uas yuav tsis muaj siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Hauv lub sijhawm teev tseg, nws txoj kev xav tau ua tiav. Thiab Syuyumbike nws tus kheej, uas tau liam tias txiav txim siab hais lus zoo rau nws cov neeg hlub, tau nce lub tsev no thiab cuam nws tus kheej tawm ntawm nws. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus pej thuam tau pib qaij nqes…

Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Palace

Lub tsev zoo nkauj no tsis yog kev coj noj coj ua xwb. Niaj hnub no, raws li nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, ua kev nom kev tswv thiab kev tswj hwm. Thaum ib tug imperial palace, hnub no lub palace yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tatarstan. Ministry thiab ntau lub tuam tsev nyob hauv ntau lub tsev nyob sib ze.

Annunciation Cathedral

Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov qub tshaj plaws monuments ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm lub teb chaws no. Lub Annunciation Cathedral ntawm Kazan Kremlin tau tsim nyob rau lub Kaum Hlis 4, 1552 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Ivan the Terrible. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo raug txiav cia li peb hnub nyob rau hauv ib tug pov tseg. Thiab twb nyob rau hnub thib rau ntawm tib lub hli nws tau fij rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv tshaj plaws. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua ntawm ntau cov neeg ntseeg ntawm Kazan txuas nrog lub tsev teev ntuj tshwj xeeb, thiab ntawm no lawv tau faus. Lub cell ntawm thawj tus npis sov ntawm lub diocese no, Archbishop Guria, kuj tau khaws cia zoo. Thiab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm phab ntsa, los ntawm qee qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb, ib qho fresco thaum ub uas piav txog tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes tau raug khaws cia.

Kul MosqueSharif

Cov npe ntawm cov monuments ntawm Kazan Kremlin suav nrog lub tsev niaj hnub, tab sis zoo nkauj heev. Nov yog Kul Sharif Mosque. Thawj zaug, ib qho kev thov Vajtswv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws hnub nees nkaum plaub ntawm Lub Rau Hli 2005. Nws dais lub npe ntawm Said Kul-Sharif. Nws yog tus imam ntawm lub mosque hu ua Al-Kabir, uas muaj nyob ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Kazan Khanate thiab raug puas los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai.

Hnub no, Kul-Sharif suav hais tias yog khoom plig rau kev nco thiab kev hwm ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob deb. Lub mosque yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv tsim vaj tsev thiab kev coj noj coj ua uas muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb Islamic.

Kazan Kremlin yees duab
Kazan Kremlin yees duab

Kul-Sharif tau tsim thiab niaj hnub no yog lub tsev teev ntuj loj rau txhua tus Tatars nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog lub tsev teev ntuj hnub Friday Muslim, yog li kev thov Vajtswv raug nyeem hauv nws tsis pub ntau tshaj ib hnub. Feem ntau, cov neeg coob coob tuaj rau lub tsev teev ntuj, uas tsis muaj hnub ua haujlwm lossis hnub so.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd

Kazan Kremlin nyob rau sab laug ntawm Niam Volga. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau nws los ntawm tsheb npav 6, 29, 37, 35, 47 thiab lwm txoj kev, los ntawm trolleybus, nrog rau metro. Lub Kremlin chaw nres tsheb tau tsim nyob ib sab ntawm nws. Cov neeg tuaj txog los ntawm pej xeem thauj tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb npav "TsUM", "st. Bauman", "Palace of Sports" lossis "Central Stadium".

Nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Kazan Kremlin yog dawb. Koj tuaj yeem hla lub rooj vag ntawm sab ntawm Spasskaya Ntauwd.

Monuments ntawm Kazan Kremlin
Monuments ntawm Kazan Kremlin

Reviews

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov vaj tsev tau raug puas tsuaj. Tab sis thaum nyob hauvNyob rau hauv lub nineties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub Kazan Kremlin tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tatarstan, restoration hauj lwm pib ua nyob rau ntawm no. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hu lub fortress qub no yog thawj qhov pom ntawm lub nroog, txhua qhov centimeter uas yog permeated nrog keeb kwm.

Kazan Kremlin ncig saib
Kazan Kremlin ncig saib

Thaum kawg ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los, kev ua haujlwm tau pib ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Kul-Sharif mosque. Thiab niaj hnub no nws yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2003, ib tug kos duab duab puab raug ntsia nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si ib sab ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm lub Annunciation. Nws yog hu ua "Architects ntawm Kazan Kremlin". Los ntawm cov duab puab, architects - Lavxias teb sab thiab Tatar - saib lawv cov hauj lwm. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lawv cov hauj lwm - ib tug tshwj xeeb architectural pawg - yog tsim thiab revived los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm ob haiv neeg.

Cov neeg ncig tebchaws yws: ib lossis ob hnub tsis txaus kom pom txhua qhov pom ntawm Kazan Kremlin. Qee tus, cov neeg uas tsis muaj sijhawm, xaiv qhov kev mus ncig ua si. Nws kav ib thiab ib nrab mus rau ob teev thiab raug nqi txog rau puas rubles rau ib pab pawg neeg txog li kaum tus neeg. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuaj xyuas tau qhuas los ntawm Annunciation Cathedral ntawm Kazan Kremlin. Lub tsev daus dawb no nrog xiav-xiav domes, raws li ntau tus neeg ntseeg, txhais tau tias hloov lawv txoj kev xav hauv ntiaj teb rov qab.

Cathedral ntawm Annunciation nyob rau hauv Kazan Kremlin
Cathedral ntawm Annunciation nyob rau hauv Kazan Kremlin

Qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo txhiab no Kazan Kremlin tau ntsib suav nrog hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm UNESCO. Qhov no tus nqi tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj complex - ua tim khawv rau qhov ntog thiab nce ntawm tag nrho cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub Volga cheeb tsam ntawm txawv sij hawm - yog yuav tsum tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv lawv xyuas.cov uas tau nyob ntawm no.

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