Lub roob Balkan, Stara Planina (Tswj Roob) yog ib lub roob zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Cia peb kawm ntxiv txog nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Tshaj Roob Laus
Stara Planina (Serbian thiab Bulgarian lub npe ntawm lub npe) - lub npe thib ob ntawm lub roob Balkan lossis Balkans, raws li lawv tau hu ua ntej. Niaj hnub no, lub xeem lub npe yog muab rau Balkan Peninsula nws tus kheej. Hauv Greek thaum ub, cov roob hu ua ΑἶΜος, hauv Latin - Haemus. Lawv suav hais tias yog lub roob loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev Bulgarian, sab hnub poob txuas ntxiv uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Serbia niaj hnub no.
Lub roob sib faib niaj hnub Bulgaria mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, hla lub tebchaws no los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Yav dhau los, lub roob Balkan tau cais sab qaum teb Moesia los ntawm yav qab teb Macedonia thiab Thrace. Lub roob no yog ib qho kev txuas ntxiv ntawm Southern Carpathian ntau yam, uas tau hla los ntawm Iron Gates (qhov nqaim ntawm lub qhov ncauj) ntawm tus dej Danube ntawm ciam teb ntawm Romania thiab Serbia.
Qhov twg lub roob Balkan nyob, nws tam sim ntawd dhau los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub roob - nws yog tus uas muab lub npe rau tag nrho cov ceg av qab teb, uasnyob. Kev tswj xyuas kom meej: 43.2482 sab qaum teb latitude, 25.0069 sab hnub tuaj longitude. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub roob yog 555 km. Qhov siab ntawm Balkan Toj siab tsis tshaj 2376 m - lub roob siab Botev txwv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws.
yam ntxwv ntawm lub roob Stara Planina
Stara Planina, tsim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm Cenozoic, muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv txawv:
- Geological indicators, As Balkan Roob yog peaks thaum uas tig mus rau ib leeg nrog seemingly smoothed ridges. Lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg yog raws li nram no: Precambrian thiab Paleozoic granites thiab schists, raws li zoo raws li Mesozoic conglomerates, flysch, sandstones, karst thiab limestones.
- Kev piav qhia txog kev cawm: sab qaum teb ib nrab yog sawv cev los ntawm qhov chaw maj mam, tig mus rau hauv ko taw los ze dua rau ntawm Lower Danube Plain. Sab qab teb, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog steeper thiab steeper.
- Cov yam ntxwv huab cua: cov roob ua haujlwm raws li kev faib phab ntsa-kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm Bulgaria. Lawv crests sau txog 800-1000 mm ntawm nag lossis daus txhua xyoo; tau ntau lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo, cov peaks pw hauv qab lub kaus mom.
- Hydrography: nyob rau hauv lub roob Balkan koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov chaw ntawm cov dej ntws xws li Ogosta, Vit, Lom, Osam, Timok - los ntawm no lawv cov channel mus rau sab qaum teb mus rau Danube. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, Stara Planina hla lub hav ntawm Kamchiya River, thiab sab hnub poob los ntawm tus dej Iskar.
- Flora: saum toj yog meadows, meadows. Sab qaum teb qhov chaw uas muaj cov av noo siab yog coniferous (pine forests) los yog beech, oak, hornbeam hav zoov, nce mus rau 1700-1800 m. Cov cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub roob Balkan yog npog nrog ib tug tuab npog ntawm deciduous.hav zoov, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm evergreen undergrowth, lub network ntawm lianas.
- Kev khawb av: xim av thiab tawv thee; hlau, tooj liab, lead-zinc ores.
History and present
Thawj zaug lub npe Bulgarian-Serbian ntawm lub roob Stara Planina tau sau tseg hauv 1533. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub roob Balkan, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem ntsib ntau lub monuments yos rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm Bulgarian lub teb chaws liberation zog. Lub Freedom Monument sawv hauv qhov tshwj xeeb. Ntau lub tsev teev ntuj kuj pom muaj chaw nyob hauv roob - Kremikovskiy, Sokolskiy thiab lwm yam.
Cov pob zeb hauv av ntawm cov roob ntawm Balkan Peninsula tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau ntau lub roob zoo nkauj - Ribaritsa, Varshets, Teteven, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam yog Steneto National Park thiab zoo nkauj hla: Shipka, Petrokhansky, Virbishsky, Chureksky, lub koom pheej Pass thiab gorge Iskar River.
thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Staro Planina yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv karst, uas yog vim li cas cov neeg ncig teb chaws nyiam qhuas cov qhov tsua zoo nkauj karst hauv cov chaw no: Rabishskaya (ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab pob zeb qub), Ledenika, Syeva-Dupka thiab lwm yam..
Mount Botev
Lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub roob Balkan yog Ameslikas hu ua Yumrukchal (los txhais ua Fist Roob). Rau plaub xyoos (1942-1946) nws tau raug hu ua saum Ferdinand hauv kev hwm ntawm huab tais uas tau nce mus rau saum nws. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog Kulak-roob ib zaug ntxiv rau plaub xyoos, txog rau thaum xyoo 1950 nws tau txais nws lub npe niaj hnub - los ntawm lub npe ntawm Hristo Botev, tus kiv puag ncig thiabTus kws sau paj huam Bulgarian.
Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Botev muaj lub xov tooj cua thiab xov tooj cua, nws cov cim qhia txog 65% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Bulgarian xeev, nrog rau chaw nres tsheb huab cua, uas thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob raug ntes los ntawm Nazis. thiab ua haujlwm rau lawv lub hom phiaj. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau tom kawg, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem so, nkaum ntawm huab cua, thiab muaj kev noj mov. Ntawm nws cov phab ntsa, cov neeg taug kev txuas cov plaques nco txog lawv qhov nce.
Regions ntawm lub roob Balkan
Kev lig kev cai, muaj peb cheeb tsam ntawm Staro Planina:
- Oriental. Nws yog qhov flattest feem, diverging rau hauv nyias spurs, ib tug ntawm cov uas yog tshwj xeeb Horn ntawm Staraya Planina. Nws qhov taw qhia yog Cape Emine, qhov chaw sab hnub tuaj tshaj plaws ntawm lub roob Balkan.
- Medium. Qhov siab tshaj plaws, picturesque thiab nrov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Balkans, cais los ntawm lwm yam ob. Nws raug txwv los ntawm Iron Gate (Vratnik) thiab Zlatish Pass. Nws nyob ntawm no tias lub ncov ntawm Botev, Triglav, Vezhen, Kupena (Aleko), Ambaritsa (Levski) nyob.
- Western. Nws pib ntawm Serbian ciam teb thiab txuas mus rau Zlatish Pass heev. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem qhuas lub ncov ntawm Mijur.
roob ntawm Balkan Peninsula
Ntxiv nrog rau Cov Roob Qub, cov roob hauv qab no nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm ceg av qab teb:
- Dinaric Highlands - thaj tsam sab hnub poob (Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia thiab Herzegovina).
- roob Pindus - me ntsis sab qab teb ntawm cov yav dhau los (Macedonia, Albania, Greece).
- Rila roob toj siab - sab qaum teb (Bulgaria),Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Balkan Peninsula, 2925-meter ncov Musala, yog lawv.
- Rhodope Toj siab, ciam teb rau Hiav Txwv Aegean nyob rau sab qab teb.
- Pirina - roob kab ntawm Alpine hom.
Yog li, Stara Planina tsis yog lub roob nkaus xwb ntawm Balkan Peninsula. Tab sis nws yog nws leej twg muab lub npe rau tom kawg, nws yog nws uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tag nrho Bulgaria.
