Cov txheej txheem:
2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 11:50
Cov retinue ua vajntxwv, thiab cov tributaries ua tus dej loj. Lawv sau lub ntsiab channel nrog dej, tsim nws lub phiab thiab ntug dej hiav txwv. Lawv tus lej tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ib mus rau ntau lub kaum os. Tag nrho cov tributaries ntawm lub Urals yog inferior rau nws nyob rau hauv ntev. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv muab faib ua sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm txoj kev ntws.
Ural
Lub npe qub ntawm Urals yog Yaik. Yog li ntawd nws tau hu ua kom txog rau thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, 1775, txog rau thaum Lavxias teb sab Empress Catherine II hloov lub npe dej los ntawm nws txoj cai. Yog vim li cas yog Pugachev ntxeev siab, tom qab nws raug tsuj, ntau lub npe ntawm thaj chaw ntawd tau hloov pauv txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm ib qho kev hais txog nws los ntawm tib neeg lub cim xeeb.
Tus dej nyob qhov chaw thib 3 hauv Tebchaws Europe hais txog qhov ntev, tsuas yog Danube thiab Volga ua ntej. Nws yog qhov thib ob cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws uas pub rau Hiav Txwv Caspian. Lub hauv paus ntawm Urals yog nyob rau ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm Round Hill (Ur altau Ridge, Bashkortostan) ntawm qhov siab ntawm 637 meters. Thawj tributaries ntawm lub Urals - ib tug unnamed dej nyob rau sab laug, nyob rau sab xis Chagan (ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws) ntws tsawg tshaj li ib kilometers ntawm qhov chaw. Lawv tus lej tag nrho yog 82: 44 - sab xis, 38 - sab laug.
Qhov ntev ntawm lub ntsiab channel yog 2428 km. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws ntws los ntawm thaj chaw ua ntej ntawm Bashkortostan, tom qab ntawd los ntawm Chelyabinsk thiab Orenburg cheeb tsam. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau tom kawg, lub Ural hla feem ntau ntawm Lavxias teb sab txoj kev ntawm 1164 km. Hauv Kazakhstan, nws nqa nws cov dej hla thaj tsam Atyrau thiab West Kazakhstan rau 1082 mais.
Thaj chaw ntawm lub phiab (tus dej nws tus kheej, nws cov delta, tributaries ntawm lub Urals, reservoir) yog 231,000 km2. Lub Upper Ural zoo li lub roob ntiav (txog 1.5 m) dej, mus txog 80 meters dav. Los ntawm Verkhne-Uralsk nws kis tau tus cwj pwm tiaj tus. Tom qab ntawd mus rau Orsk, ua nws txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov pob zeb ntug dej hiav txwv, nws muaj ntau qhov sib cais. Tom qab txoj cai tributary ntawm tus dej, lub Sakmara calms down, tau txais ib tug dav winding channel nrog ib tug ntsiag to ntws.
Raws
Yog koj saib ntawm daim ntawv qhia, tus dej zoo li ib tsob ntoo nkhaus nrog cov tuab tuab nyob nruab nrab thiab cov ceg luv. Qhov ntev ntawm feem ntau tributaries yog tsis ntau tshaj 20 kilometers. Txoj cai tributaries ntawm tus dej Ural, txawm hais tias lawv tshaj tus naj npawb ntawm sab laug sawv daws yuav, yog inferior rau lawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm dej. Cov dej ntws loj suav nrog cov dej ntws (ntev hauv km):
- Guberlya – 111;
- Small Dogwood - 113;
- Irtek – 134;
- Tanalyk – 225;
- Chagan – 264;
- Big Dogwood - 172;
- Sakmara – 798.
Txoj cai loj tshaj plaws ntawm Urals yog Sakmara. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tseeb tias tus dej muaj qhov ntev ntev, nws muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib 2. Nws ntws yuav luag sib npaug mus rau lub ntsiab channel. Nws cov chav kawm sab saud yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej ntws hauv roob nrog cov ntug dej siab siab, nws cov chav kawm nruab nrab thiab qis zoo ib yam li qhov dav, nyob ntsiag to,tus dej tiaj tus.
Leej twg muaj cai tributaries:
| Npe ntawm tributary | Txoj kev ntawm lub qhov ncauj (km) | Riv ntev (km) |
| Chagan (Shagan, Loj Chagan) | 793 | 264 |
| 885 | 80 | |
| Bykovka (Big Bull) | 897 | 82 |
| Embulatovka | 901 | 82 |
| Irtek | 981 | 134 |
| Kos | 1002 | 47 |
| tus pas txhuam hniav loj | 1192 | 16 |
| Kamysh-Samarka | 1202 | 26 |
| Elshanka (Tokmakovka) | 1229 | 18 |
| Keys | 1237 | 19 |
| Chain | 1246 | 13 |
| Kargalka (Big Kargalka) | 1262 | 70 |
|
Sakmara |
1286 | 798 |
| Alabaytalka | 1484 | 12 |
| Elshanka | 1518 | 15 |
| Dry Valley | 1531 | 12 |
| Mechetka (Kukryak) | 1541 | 19 |
| Aksakalk | 1555 | 18 |
| Dry River | 1407 | 12 |
| Knitting | 1436 | 28 |
| Karalga | 1558 | 21 |
| Dirty 1st | 1559 | 12 |
| Pismyanka | 1583 | 18 |
| Elshanka | 1596 | 17 |
| Kinderla (Linnet) | 1614 | 22 |
| Dry River | 1622 | 22 |
| Guberlya | 1633 | 111 |
| Tanalik | 1827 | 225 |
| Big Urtazymka | 1885 | 87 |
| Skinny | 2002 | 81 |
| Big Dogwood | 2014 | 172 |
| Yangelka | 2091 | 73 |
| Small dogwood | 2172 | 113 |
| Rus | 2177 | 16 |
| Yamskaya | 2264 | 20 |
| Yalshanka (Elshang) | 2293 | 11 |
|
Karanelga |
2316 | 13 |
| Mindyak | 2320 | 60 |
| Small Tustu | 2361 | 18 |
| Tarlau | 2376 | 11 |
| Kurgash | 2381 | 21 |
| Birsya | 2390 | 30 |
| Baral | 2398 | 21 |
Luag
Txoj kev sab laug loj tshaj plaws yog (ntev hauv km):
- Zingeyka –102;
- Bolshaya Karaganka - 111;
- Urta-Burtya - 115;
- Gumbaika - 202;
- Big Kumak - 212;
- Chest - 174;
- Or - 332;
- Ilek – 623.
Sab laugib tug tributary ntawm tus dej Ural - Ilek - originates nyob rau hauv lub Mutodzhar roob (South Kazakhstan). Nyob ze ntawm tus dej, ib lub hav zoo tsim muaj ob qhov dej nyab terraces, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau lub pas dej oxbow thiab channels. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub phiab yog 41300 km2, txhua xyoo cov dej ntws yog kwv yees li 1500 m3, qhov nruab nrab dej ntws yog 40 m³/s. Ilek yog tus dej steppe ib txwm muaj dej nyab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qhov loj tshaj plaws sab laug tributary ntawm lub Urals, txawm hais tias lub loj heev catchment cheeb tsam, tsis thov kom muaj ntau tshaj.
Left tributaries:
| Npe ntawm tributary | Txoj kev ntawm lub qhov ncauj (km) | Riv ntev (km) |
| Un titled | 905 | 21 |
| Solyanka (Jaxsy-Bourlue, Jaxy-Burlue) | 924 | 51 |
| Black | 1173 | 96 |
| tus pas txhuam hniav | 1196 | 17 |
| Krestovka | 1221 | 19 |
| Donguz | 1251 | 95 |
| Ilek | 1085 | 623 |
| Tsis muaj npe | 1471 | 14 |
| Berdyanka | 1323 | 65 |
| Burtya | 1404 | 95 |
| Urta-Burtya | 1480 | 95 |
| Tuzlukkol (Tuzluk-Kul) | 1500 | 20 |
| Karagashty | 1514 | 13 |
| Burly | 1528 | 37 |
| Un titled | 1557 | 13 |
| Zhangyzagashsay (Dzhangyz-Agach-Say) | 1569 | 12 |
| Alimbet | 1595 | 45 |
| Un titled | 1629 | 12 |
| Terekla (Kosagach) | 1641 | 23 |
| Shoshka (khob) | 1662 | 47 |
| Qhia | 1715 | 332 |
| Big Kumak (Kuma, Kumak) | 1733 | 212 |
| Chest (Suyndyk) | 1828 | 174 |
| Tashla | 1847 | 31 |
| Burle | 1860 | 29 |
| Qub Goose | 1907 | 18 |
| Ntsuab Goose | 1916 | 15 |
| Ntsuab Goose | 1938 | 23 |
| Big Karaganka (Karaganka) | 1959 | 111 |
| Sinful | 2018 | 10 |
| Qhia | 2037 | 16 |
| Zingeyka | 2104 | 102 |
| 2116 | 202 | |
| Dry River | 2136 | 31 |
| Thieves ' (Asche-Butak, Kara-Butak) | 2217 | 26 |
| Urlyada | 2274 | 42 |
| Kandybulak | 2343 | 23 |
Siv
Ural tsis yog tus dej navigable. Lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm nws siv yog tourism thiab nuv ntses. Lub tributaries ntawm lub Urals yog tsis inferior mus rau lub ntsiab channel nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab muaj cov ntses, yuav luag 30 hom yog nyeem nyob rau hauv lawv. Ntau qhov chaw ncig tebchaws tau ua rau ntawm ntug dej.
Cov pas dej tsim los ntawm tus dej ntxim nyiam nyiam cov tsiaj quskev ua si. Zoo nkauj ntug hiav txwv dej, nyob ntsiag to dej thiab nuv ntses zoo heev yuav ua tau raws li qhov kev thov.
Magnitogorsk thiab Khalilov metallurgical nroj tsuag siv dej ntawm Urals hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab fais fab tau tsim nyob ze ntawm lub zos Iriklinskaya. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, nws yog siv los ua dej hauv teb.
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