Ancient castles ntawm Ukraine. Castles thiab fortresses ntawm Ukraine

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Ib lub tsev fuabtais yog ib lub tsev medieval uas ib zaug ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm tus tswv feudal. Feem ntau qhov no yog qhov chaw loj, suav nrog kev siv hluav taws xob, tsev neeg thiab cov tsev tiv thaiv.

Castles ntawm Ukraine los ntawm 11th mus rau 19th caug xyoo

Nyob rau hauv Ukraine, castles pib tsim los ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau ua los ntawm ntoo. Qee zaum fortifications nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm earthen ramparts kuj tau siv. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th pob zeb pib siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm castles. Los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, feem ntau ntawm cov qauv fortified no tau poob lawv qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv cov tswv tau tsiv mus rau ntau lub tsev zoo nkauj dua. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, lub pob zeb ntawm kev tso tseg, tsis saib xyuas castles tau nquag siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Ntau lub tsev fuabtais nrov tshaj plaws rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws

Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov kev tsim kho uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no yog cov castles hauv qab no ntawm Ukraine:

Kamianets-Podolsky (Khmelnitsky cheeb tsam).
Lutsk (Volyn cheeb tsam).
Dubensky (Rivne cheeb tsam).
Olesskiy (Lviv cheeb tsam).
Skalatsky (Ternopil cheeb tsam).
Khotinskiy (Chernivtsi cheeb tsam).
Palanok (cheeb tsam Transcarpathian).
Ackerman (cheeb tsam Odessa).
Uzhgorod (cheeb tsam Transcarpathian).
YZolochevsky (Lviv cheeb tsam).
Schönborn (cheeb tsam Transcarpathian).

Cov no yog cov tsev fuabtais zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Ukraine, tsim nyog rau cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas tebchaws thiab saib xyuas lub xeev.

Kaminets-Podilsky complex

Nov yog kab tias muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws fortified medieval lub tsev hauv Ukraine. Lub tsev fuabtais Kamyanets-Podilsky tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 14th. Lithuanian princes. Txij li thaum xyoo 1434, lub complex tau los rau hauv cov Poles muaj thiab tau nquag siv los ua tus qauv tiv thaiv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam cov tub rog Turkish-Tatar. Thaum xub thawj, lub tsev fuabtais sawv ntsug ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub nroog. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ntoo. Cov pob zeb tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 16th.

In the XIX century. Kamensk-Podolsky Castle poob nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tub rog, thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib rau hauv nws. Qhov no complex, zoo li ntau lwm lub tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Western Ukraine, zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv tag nrho raws li cov tswv yim ntawm ib tug neeg niaj hnub hais txog lub fortress medieval fortress, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog heev feem ntau siv thaum shooting keeb kwm films. Piv txwv li, cov yeeb yaj kiab "Taras Bulba" thiab "The Old Fortress" tau ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm no.

Lutsk Castle

Lub tsev no tau tsim los ntawm Lithuanian tus huab tais Lubat hauv xyoo pua 14th. nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug qub ntoo fortification ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14th. Nyob rau hauv 2011 Lutsk Castle tau lees paub tias yog ib qho kev xav ntawm Ukraine. Rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej, qhov chaw no tsis tau raug coj los ntawm cov tub rog Polish lossis cov tub rog Galician.

Zoo li lwm lub tsev fuabtais hauv Ukraine, Lutskenclosed los ntawm ib tug pob zeb phab ntsa nrog yees ntawm cov ces kaum, nyob rau hauv uas arches yog pom, uas ib zaug tau txais kev pab raws li nkag thiab tau nruab nrog drawbridges. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau pw. Lub tsev qub tub huabtais tau khaws cia rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub complex.

Dubno Castle

Kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortified qauv no tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1462. Tsev fuabtais Dubno tau tsim los ntawm Konstantin Ostrozhsky. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, lub complex tau rebuilt thiab reconstructed nyob rau hauv lub ces fashionable Renaissance style. Lub palaces qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov tub huabtais Ostrozhsky thiab Lubomirsky tau khaws cia ntawm nws thaj chaw.

Ib qho ntawm cov kev nyiam ntawm Dubno fortified complex yog qhov dav dav ntawm cov kab hauv av. Niaj hnub no, ib tug ntawm lawv muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev tsim txom cov cuab yeej. Kev ua koob tsheej "Taras Bulba" muaj txhua xyoo nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev.

Olesko Castle

Ntau lub tsev fuabtais thiab fortresses ntawm Ukraine yav dhau los yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm vajntxwv, suav nrog Olesko. Lub fortified complex tau tsim ntau tshaj li rau ib puas xyoo dhau los. Thawj qhov hais txog nws poob rau 1327. Vajntxwv Jan III Sobieski thiab Mikhail Koribut Vishnevetsky yug hauv lub tsev fuabtais no. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub fortress poob mus rau hauv lwj, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug nws yuav luag tag nrho. Kev kho dua ntawm cov qub ruins tau ua nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub pib ntawm lub historian Boris Voznitsky. Tam sim no lub tsev fuabtais muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Skalatsky complex

Lub tsev fuabtais no tau tsim los ntawm Polish swordsman K. Vihrovsky hauv 1630. Nws yog ib tug quadrangular qauv surrounded los ntawm ib tug tob defensive moat. Ib tug pej thuam pentagonal nrog qhov khoob tau tsim tsa ntawm txhua lub ces kaum. Thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob, Skalatsky Castle hloov cov tswv ntau dua ib zaug. Nws cov tswv yog J. Firlei, cov thawj coj ntawm Scipio. Thaum Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1 thiab thib ob, cov qauv tsim muaj zog no yuav luag tag nrho. Nws reconstruction twb ua tsis ntev los no. Zoo li ntau lwm lub tsev fuabtais hauv Ukraine, Skalatsky tam sim no yog lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Khotyn Castle

Thaum twg yog lub fortress thaum ub tsim los tsis paub meej. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm tig ntawm 10th thiab 11th centuries. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, cov qub ntoo fortifications thiab vaj tse tau hloov los ntawm cov pob zeb los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Prince Galitsky. Yuav luag tag nrho cov qub tsev fuabtais ntawm Ukraine uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no tau raug kev tsim kho loj heev yav dhau los. Khotinsky tsis muaj kev zam hauv qhov no. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, lub fortress twb radically rebuilt. Nws cheeb tsam tau nce ntxiv los ntawm kev tsim cov phab ntsa pob zeb tuab thiab cov yees. yard tau tsa yuav luag 10 m.

Xyoo 1918, Khotyn raug ntes los ntawm Romanians, thiab xyoo 1940 mus rau USSR. Hauv lub tsev fuabtais no, nrog rau hauv Kamenetz-Podolsky, cov yeeb yaj kiab keeb kwm feem ntau raug tua.

Palanok Complex

Lub fortress qub nyob ze lub nroog Mukachevo. Thaum raws nraim ntau qhov nthuav medieval castles ntawm Ukraine tau tsim, historians, hmoov tsis, tsis paub. Lub Palanok complex tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov nokev tiv thaiv fortifications muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 9th. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj qhov hais txog ntawm lub fortress qub no yog nyob rau hauv keeb kwm hnub tim rau xyoo pua 11th.

Palanok Castle poob nws qhov tseem ceeb ua tub rog los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev no tau siv sijhawm ntev los ua lub tsev loj cuj rau cov neeg raug kaw nom tswv. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog barracks tau nyob ntawm no. Tam sim no, Palanok fortress tau rov qab ua tiav, thiab muaj lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm qhib rau pej xeem.

Ackermann Castle

Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv no tau siv sijhawm ntau tshaj li ob lub xyoo pua (XIII - XIV centuries), thiab nws tau txais nws qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv dag zog rau lub xyoo pua XV. Lub castles ntawm Ukraine los ntawm cheeb tsam yog ob qho tib si me thiab loj. Akkerman Fortress yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws no. Qhov ntev ntawm nws phab ntsa yog li ob kilometers, thiab lawv qhov siab nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw ncav cuag 15 m.

Tam sim no, Akkerman Fortress yog keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Ntau yam kev ua koob tsheej, suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam, nrog rau kev sib tw fencing feem ntau muaj nyob rau ntawm nws thaj chaw.

Zolochevsky Castle

Kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortification no tau ua tiav hauv 1634 ntawm tus nqi ntawm King Jacob Sobieski. Tom qab cov phab ntsa pob zeb tuab, tus huab tais no tau ua ob-zaj dab neeg Renaissance palace. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov cuab yeej, qhov no yog tej zaum qhov nthuav tshaj plaws qub tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Ukraine (thaum lub sij hawm ntawd ib feem ntawm Poland), nyob rau hauv relation mus amenities ntawm thaj chaw complexes, tshwj xeebtsis txawv ntawm kev nce qib. Qhov chaw ntawm Zolochiv tsev fuabtais tau rhuab los ntawm qhov cub thiab qhov cub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej phwj tuaj kuj tau muab, uas feem ntau suav hais tias yog qhov tsis tshua muaj rau cov teb chaws Europe medieval.

Tom qab tus tub huabtais Jacob tuag, lub tsev fuabtais Zolochiv rau qee lub sijhawm dhau mus rau tus tswv xeev Tarle. Tom qab ntawd, nto moo princes Radziwill los ua nws cov tswv. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev fuabtais, uas tau poob nws cov tub rog tseem ceeb, pib maj mam vau.

Nyob rau xyoo 1801, suav Lukasz Kamanicki tau rov kho dua. Nyob rau hauv 1834 nws muag rau Austrian tsoom fwv. Rau qee lub sij hawm muaj barracks, thiab tom qab ntawd - lub tsev kho mob. Xyoo 1872, Zolochiv fortress pib siv los ua tsev loj cuj. Xyoo 1953, muaj ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub tsev no tsuas yog pib xyoo 1986, tom qab nws raug xa mus rau Lviv Art Gallery.

Schoenborn Complex

Qee lub tsev fuabtais thiab palaces ntawm Ukraine tsuas yog cov qauv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Ib qho piv txwv yog Shenborn, ua rau xyoo 1890-1895. Buheim Shenborn tau los ua nws tus tsim. Yav dhau los, lub tsev yos hav zoov ntoo tau tsim nyob rau hauv Beregvar ib puag ncig, uas tom qab ntawd los ua lub caij ntuj sov chaw nyob ntawm cov suav. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lub tsev zoo nkauj tau loj hlob ntawm no. Schönborn Tsev fuabtais yog nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm 19 hectares ntawm thaj chaw, uas muaj lub vaj zoo nkauj-arboretum nteg tawm. Txog niaj hnub no, lub tsev no tau siv los ua ib lub tsev ntawm Karpaty sanatorium.

Cov tuam tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Ukraine

Tau kawg, fortresses thiab castles tsis yog tib lub architectural landmark uas lub teb chaws yuav khav ntawm. Tsis muaj tsawg impressive yog lub ancient tuam tsev ntawm Ukraine. Zoo nkauj heev, piv txwv li, yog Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Kyiv, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1051. Sophia Cathedral kuj tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb - thawj lub tsev teev ntuj loj hauv tebchaws Russia, ua los ntawm tub huabtais Vladimir Yaroslav tus neeg ntse hauv xyoo pua 9th. Qhov kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev no suav nrog Dominican Cathedral ntawm Lviv, Svyatogorsk Assumption Lavra thiab ntau lwm lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ub.

Ancient castles thiab tuam tsev ntawm Ukraine - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws architectural monuments, zoo creations ntawm tib neeg txhais tes, qhov chaw nrog ib tug amazing keeb kwm thiab tshwj xeeb kev zoo nkauj - yeej tsim nyog rau cov xim ntawm historians thiab tourists. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov xwm txheej tsis ntev los no, nws tsis zoo li, tau kawg, ntau tus neeg nyiam ncig tebchaws Lavxias yuav txiav txim siab mus rau lub xeev nyob sib ze kom pom nws qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, cia siab tias qhov no yuav tsis yog ib txwm muaj, thiab peb cov neeg ncig tebchaws yuav tuaj yeem txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov monuments thaum ub.