Txhua keeb kwm ntawm St. Petersburg thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig yog txuam nrog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov thawj coj, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsis pub txeeb ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ciam teb thaj chaw, tsim tag nrho cov tes hauj lwm ntawm fortifications thiab fortresses. Niaj hnub no, ntau ntawm lawv yog tsev cia puav pheej thiab suav tias yog keeb kwm monuments.
Vyborg Castle
Cov fortresses ntawm thaj av Leningrad, nrog rau thawj lub nroog thiab cov tsev teev ntuj ua rau ntawm nws thaj chaw, yog cov qauv qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev Lavxias. Lawv sawv hauv qhov chaw uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws, qhov chaw dej thiab kev lag luam txuas nrog Scandinavia thiab Europe nrog rau sab hnub tuaj thiab Mediterranean, cov ntseeg thiab lub ntiaj teb thaum ub.
Lub fortresses ntawm thaj av Leningrad, monasteries thiab lwm yam vaj tse thaum ub tau los ua tus tshaj tawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg Slavic, nrog rau cov thawj coj ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm cov ntseeg nyob rau thaj tsam loj.
Vyborg fortress, uas tseem hu ua lub tsev fuabtais, ua qhov piv txwv zoo ntawm Western Europe cov tub rog sib txawv hauv architecture. Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev no yog inextricablytxuam nrog cov Swedes. Nws yog lawv uas nrhiav tau Vyborg thaum lub sij hawm crusade thib peb (1293).
Thawj zaug, lub fortress ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv. Cov Swedes nkaum tom qab nws cov phab ntsa los ntawm Novgorod cov tub rog, uas tau sim kom rov qab tau thaj chaw nyob. Rau ntau centuries, lub zog ntawm lub fortress hloov. Lub tsev no tau ua haujlwm raws li qhov chaw uas muaj vaj ntxwv nyob, nrog rau lub hauv paus tub rog. Nws yog nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ib tug fortress thiab lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm lub nroog, thiab lub barracks ntawm lub Swedish crusaders, thiab ib tug tsev loj cuj.
Xyoo 1918, Vyborg Tsev fuabtais tuaj nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Finland thiab tau rov tsim dua tshiab. Txij li thaum xyoo 1944, thaj chaw no tau los ua ib feem ntawm USSR. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1964, thawj kauj ruam tau coj mus tsim ib lub zos keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub fortress. Txog niaj hnub no, Vyborg Castle tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm no, muab cov qhua qhia txog ntau lub suab sib txawv uas piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov chaw no.
Nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress muaj ib tug saib pej thuam ntawm St. Olaf. Los ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem qhuas qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Lub pej thuam muaj qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj hiav txwv thiab Gulf of Finland, nrog rau cov ntoo loj hlob hauv Mon Repos Park.
Staraya Ladoga Fortress
Lub tsev no nyob ib puas nees nkaum tsib kilometers ntawm St. Lub fortress nyob ze lub zos Staraya Ladoga tau tsim nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm 9th-10th centuries. Cov no yog lub sijhawm ntawm Yaj Saub Oleg. Cov qauv yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas Ladozhka ntws mus rau hauv lub Volkhov River, ntawm ib tug siab bank. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub fortress yog los tiv thaiv tus huab tais, nrog rau nws pab tub rog. Me ntsis tom qab ntawd nws tau los uaib lub fortifications uas thaiv cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev ntawm lub B altic.
Hnub no, lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm-architectural-reserve ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Staraya Ladoga fortress. Muaj ob qhov kev nthuav qhia rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ethnographic, thiab qhov thib ob yog keeb kwm. Cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom nthuav tawm yog cov khoom pom thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations.
Koporye
Txog hnub no, xya lub fortress tau khaws cia nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam. Tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov npe no (Yam, nyob hauv Kingisepp) yog ib feem ntawm cov ramparts thiab nqa yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los. Rau lwm tus yog qhov txaus siab tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov keeb kwm buffs. Ib lub fortresses yog Koporye.
Nws nyob ze rau St. Petersburg. Ntau tshaj li lwm tus, lub fortress ntawm Koporye tau khaws nws cov duab medieval rau niaj hnub no, vim nws tsis tau dhau los ua kev hloov pauv tsis ntev los no.
Korela
Lub fortress no nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm St. Petersburg, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Karelian Isthmus. Lub sijhawm no, ceg qaum teb ntawm tus dej Vuoksa ntws mus rau hauv Lake Ladoga. Thaum lub sij hawm XIII-XIV centuries, Korela yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab ciam teb ncej, uas tau rov tawm tsam los ntawm Swedes. Tam sim no, lub fortress yog suav hais tias yog ib tug monument, uas tso cai rau mus kawm lub ancient Lavxias teb sab tub rog tiv thaiv kos duab nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev no, uas yog qhib rau cov qhua, mus txogtus ntsuj plig ntawm kev taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab qub txeeg qub teg tau khaws cia rau hnub no. Qhov no tau ua tau vim qhov tseeb tias lub fortress tsis tau kho tshiab lossis rov tsim kho tau ntau xyoo. Ob lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qhov qub tiv thaiv ncej. Hauv thawj ntawm lawv koj tuaj yeem paub txog keeb kwm ntawm lub fortress. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej thib ob yog Pugachev Ntauwd, lub tshav puam sab hauv uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim, txawm tias qhov kev puas tsuaj ib nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv.
Ivangorod fortress
Lub tsev no yog ib lub monument ntawm Lavxias teb sab tiv thaiv architecture yos rov qab mus rau 15th-16th centuries. Ivangorod fortress tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1492 ntawm tus dej Narva los tiv thaiv Lavxias teb sab av los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Western yeeb ncuab. Thaum lub sij hawm nws tsib-xyoo pua keeb kwm, qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog qhov chaw uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav heev. Lub fortress kuj puas thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog tawm tsam fascist invaders. Tom qab kev ntes ntawm Ivangorod los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog, cov Germans tau teeb tsa ob lub chaw pw hauv nws thaj chaw, uas cov neeg raug kaw hauv kev ua tsov ua rog raug kaw. Kev thim rov qab, cov Nazis tau tawg rau feem ntau ntawm cov tsev sab hauv, rau lub kaum sab xis, nrog rau ntau ntu ntawm phab ntsa. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov fortifications tau rov qab los thiab rov qab los.
Nutlet
Shlisselburg Fortress nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Ladoga, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Neva. Qhov no architectural monument ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th yog tam sim no lub tsev cia puav pheej.
Raws li nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm Orekhovy Island, Shlisselburg fortress kuj muaj lub npe thib ob - "Nut".
museum
Shlisselburg Fortress yog ib pawg architectural complex. Hnub no nws qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Lub fortress "Oreshek" belongs rau Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog St. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau raug caw kom paub txog cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev Lavxias nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd thaum cov qauv tiv thaiv no tau koom nrog.
History
Shlisselburg fortress tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1323. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov hais txog ntawm Novgorod nyob rau hauv lub annals. Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tau hais tias tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Alexander Nevsky - Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yuri Danilovich - tau hais kom tsim kho ntoo tiv thaiv qauv. Peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, ib lub pob zeb tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress qub. Nws thaj chaw tau nce ntxiv thiab pib muaj li cuaj txhiab square meters. Qhov loj ntawm lub fortress phab ntsa kuj hloov. Lawv tuab peb meters. Muaj peb lub tsev duab plaub tshiab.
Thaum pib, kev sib hais haum tau muab tso rau ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv. Ib tug peb-meter kwj dej cais nws los ntawm Oreshok. Ib me ntsis tom qab, lub moat tau npog nrog lub ntiaj teb. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev sib hais haum tau nyob ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa pob zeb.
Kev txhim kho, kev puas tsuaj thiab kev txhawb siab tau ntsib lub fortress thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntau dua ib zaug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus naj npawb ntawm nws cov yees nce ntxiv, cov phab ntsa tuab tau nce ntxiv.
Shlisselburg Fortress twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th tau los ua ib qho chaw tswj hwm, qhov chaw uas cov thawj coj hauv xeev thiab cov txiv plig siab tshaj nyob. Ntawm ntug dej ntawm Neva, cov neeg yooj yim ntawm kev sib hais haum.
Fortress "Oreshek" (Shlisselburg fortress) nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1617 txog 1702 yog nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Swedes. Lub sijhawm no nws tau hloov npe. Nws hu ua Noteburgskaya. Peter kuv kov yeej lub fortress no los ntawm Swedes thiab xa rov qab mus rau nws lub npe qub. Grandiose kev tsim kho pib dua nyob rau hauv lub fortress. Ob peb yees, earthen bastions thiab tsev loj cuj raug tsa. Los ntawm 1826 txog 1917, Oreshek fortress (Schlisselburg fortress) yog qhov chaw raug kaw rau Decembrists thiab Narodnaya Volya. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, lub tsev no tau hloov mus ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej.
Tsov Rog Zaum
"Oreshek" ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum tiv thaiv Leningrad. Lub Shlisselburg Fortress tau muab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm "Txoj Kev ntawm Lub Neej", nrog rau cov zaub mov raug coj mus rau lub nroog uas raug kaw, thiab cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog qaum teb tau khiav tawm ntawm nws. Ua tsaug rau lub heroism ntawm ib tug me me ntawm cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv lub siege ntawm lub fortress, ntau tshaj li ib puas tus tib neeg txoj sia tau txais kev cawmdim. Lub sijhawm no, "Oreshek" yuav luag razed rau hauv av.
Nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog, nws tau txiav txim siab tsis rov tsim kho lub fortress, tab sis tsim kom muaj memorial complexes raws txoj kev ntawm txoj sia.
Tus qauv tiv thaiv. Contemporary
Hnub no mus saib lub fortress "Oreshek" excursions. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov qauv kev tiv thaiv yav dhau los, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov seem ntawm nws lub yeeb koob qub.
Lub Oreshek Fortress, daim ntawv qhia uas yuav qhia cov neeg ncig tebchaws txoj hauv kev, zoo li ib qho tsis xwm yeem ntawm txoj kev npaj. Ntxiv mus, cov ces kaum ntawm daim duab no yog elongated los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj. nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimetercov phab ntsa yog tsib lub tsev muaj zog. Ib tug ntawm lawv (Gateway) yog quadrangular. Lub architectural ntawm cov pej thuam seem yog puag ncig.
Fortress "Oreshek" (Shlisselburg) yog qhov chaw uas lub chaw nco tau qhib rau kev hwm ntawm tus phab ej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Muaj cov tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub qub citadel. Lawv nyob hauv New Prison thiab Old Prison tsev. Cov seem ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress, nrog rau tus chij thiab rooj vag, Naugolnaya thiab Royal, Golovkin thiab Svetlichnaya yees tau dim.
Yuav mus txog lub fortress?
Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws mus rau lub nroog ntsiag to ntawm Shlisselburg yog tsheb. Tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov zoo dua mus rau lub fortress los ntawm nkoj. Muaj ib qho kev xaiv ntxiv. Los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb "Petrokrepost" muaj ib lub nkoj tsav, ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus nres uas yog Shlisselburg Fortress. Yuav ua li cas mus rau lub qub defensive qauv ncaj qha los ntawm St. Petersburg? Kev mus ncig ua si tsis tu ncua los ntawm Northern peev mus rau Oreshek fortress. Cov neeg taug kev tau raug xa mus rau ntawm lub nkoj nrawm nrawm nrawm Meteor.
Tej zaum ib tug neeg yuav txaus siab rau qhov kev mus los ntawm kev caij npav npav 575, uas khiav mus rau Shlisselburg los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb metro Ul. Dybenko. Tom qab ntawd ib lub nkoj yuav pab koj mus rau cov kob.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab mus xyuas Oreshek fortress, koj yuav tsum paub lub sijhawm qhib. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub qub citadel qhib rau lub Tsib Hlis thiab txais cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws mus txog rau thaum lub Kaum Hli. Lub sijhawm no nws qhib txhua hnub. Sijhawm qhib - txij 10 txog 17.
