Fortresses thiab castles hauv Belarus

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm cov muaj zog Radziwill magnates, uas tseem khaws cia nyob rau sab qaum teb Paris, lub zos ntawm Golshany, nrog rau Bermuda Daim duab peb sab, tau teev nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov chaw tsis meej pem hauv ntiaj teb, ntau qhov zais cia thiab Cov dab neeg - koj tuaj yeem paub txog txhua yam no los ntawm kev taug kev zoo siab ntawm Belarus.

Castleland

Belarusian thaj av, dhau los ntawm txoj kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws dhau los, feem ntau raug tawm tsam, vim muaj ntau tus neeg uas xav txeeb thaj chaw no. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm no ntau ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv, castles, fortresses. Yog vim li cas nyob rau nruab nrab hnub nyoog Belarus hu ua lub teb chaws castles.

Forerunners of castles yog ancient settlements. Cov tsos ntawm cov pob zeb sib cais nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th los ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th-15th tau hloov mus ua ib qho kev tsim loj ntawm pob zeb castles raws ciam teb.

Tsev fuabtais hauv Belarus tau npog hauv qhov tsis paub thiab muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev tsim vaj tsev nrog rau ntau lwm European keeb kwm monuments.

Mir Castle

Ib qho ntawm cov monuments no yog Mir Castle(Mir) hauv Belarus. Nws nyob hauv cheeb tsam Grodno. Cov vaj tsev ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev tiv thaiv architecture hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 16th. Lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Illinich, thiab xyoo 1568, los ntawm kev sib tsoo, dhau mus rau Nikolai Radziwill, uas ua tiav nws hauv Renaissance style. Cov tsev neeg nplua nuj Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian no muaj lub Tsev fuabtais Mir txog xyoo 1891.

Txawm hais tias nws cov monumentality thiab lub zog, lub tsev fuabtais tsis zoo li ntshai, txawm hais tias nws tau tsim los ua cov qauv tiv thaiv, zoo li txhua lub tsev fuabtais hauv Belarus. Cov qauv yog square, ib sab ntawm uas yog 75 meters, thiab qhov dav ntawm phab ntsa mus txog peb meters ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa yog 10 meters, thiab cov yees uas muaj qhov khoob mus txog 25 meters.

Lub tsev fuabtais, tawm tsam hauv nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, yog nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lub ntiaj teb rampart 9 meters siab. Ib tug kwj dej tau khawb ib ncig ntawm lub rampart, muaj dej ua tsaug rau tus dej Miranka thiab lub pas dej tshiab.

Cov princely quarters nyob rau pem peb lub tsev fuabtais, ua nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam. Hauv pem teb thib ob tau tshwj tseg rau cov neeg tsis muaj zog thiab kev tswj hwm, thaum thawj pem teb tau siv los ua lub tsev khaws khoom noj thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam.

Hnub no lub tsev fuabtais Mir, qhov chaw kho dua tshiab, yog lub tsev cia puav pheej. Hu ua "Mir Castle Complex", nws qhib rau cov qhua.

Nesvizh Castle hauv Belarus

Lwm qhov muaj ntawm Radziwill princes yog lub tsev fuabtais Nesvizh. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg, ib qhov av tau tsim los ntawm nws thiab Mir Tsev fuabtais, txog 30 mais ntev thiab zoo li lub tsheb thauj neeg los ntawm troika tuaj yeem hla tau yooj yim. Tab sis ntawmhnub no tsis muaj kev lees paub qhov no.

Lub hauv paus ntawm Nesvizh Tsev fuabtais tau muab tso rau hauv 1583. Vim muaj ntau qhov kev tsim kho dua tshiab, lub palace sib xyaw ua ke ntau yam kev tsim vaj tsev: neo-gothic, baroque, renaissance, rococo, classicism.

Vim qhov kev tawm tsam Lavxias ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais xyoo 1764-1768, Nesvizh tau nyob los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Lub tsev qiv ntawv, archive thiab tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis raug ntes thiab coj mus rau St. Petersburg.

Lub Radziwills thaum kawg tawm hauv lub tsev fuabtais xyoo 1939, thaum Tub Rog Liab nkag mus rau Nesvizh. Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, lub tiaj ua si thiab lub palace complex tau poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj.

Txoj haujlwm kho dua tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab uas tau pib xyoo 2004 coj lub tsev fuabtais zoo nkauj no rov qab los muaj sia. Nesvizh nyob rau hauv Belarus tau lees paub tias yog lub nroog kab lis kev cai, thiab lub palace thiab chaw ua si tau suav nrog hauv UNESCO World Heritage List. Qhov chaw ua si toj roob hauv pes loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 19th, cov pas dej zoo nkauj, cov chaw zoo nkauj thiab cov vaj tsev ua ke ua rau qhov chaw no nrov heev nrog cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Brest Castle

Belarus tau dhau los ua neeg nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Brest Fortress, nyob rau sab qab teb, ze ntawm ciam teb nrog Poland. Brest nws tus kheej muaj yuav luag ib txhiab xyoo keeb kwm. Qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw yog vim li cas rau kev tsov rog ntau heev uas tau tshwm sim hauv thaj av no. Lub tsev fuabtais Brest tau dim ntau qhov kev tawm tsam, vim li ntawd, nws yuav luag tag nrho. Ib feem ntawm nws cov bastions tau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortress ntawm tib lub npe.

Daim duab saum toj no qhia txog KholmskyCov rooj vag ntawm Brest Fortress.

Historians thiab archaeological pawg ua haujlwm nrhiav cov seem ntawm lub tsev fuabtais nws tus kheej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm excavations nyob rau hauv lub Volyn fortification, ib tug txhawb nqa phab ntsa ntawm lub bastion tau pom, ua nyob rau hauv lub 16th los yog 17th centuries. Tib qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, archaeologists tseem cia siab tias yuav nrhiav pom.

Legends ntawm Golshansky Castle

Nyob hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Golshany muaj cov ruins ntawm ib zaug majestic palace uas zwm rau tsev neeg muaj koob meej ntawm Sapieha. Nws cov qauv zoo ib yam li Mir Castle. Lub tsev tsim vaj tsev, uas yog tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Dutch architects, tau tsim los ntawm Pavel Sapega hauv 1610. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog ruins ntawm nws lub koob meej yav dhau los. Kev puas tsuaj loj tshwm sim thaum ob qhov kev tsov rog kawg.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev fuabtais Golshany nrov heev nrog cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Ntau tus tau nyiam los ntawm lub halo ntawm kev paub tsis meej thiab ntau cov lus dab neeg uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Raws li ib tug ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv lub ruins ntawm lub zeb, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog, creak ntawm millstones, cov nyob ze ntawm nees thiab lub suab ntawm tus thawj miller tau hnov thaum hmo ntuj. Qhov no muaj tseeb npaum li cas, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas koj tus kheej los ntawm kev mus xyuas Holstein Castle.

Bykhovskaya fortress

Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Mogilev hauv lub nroog Bykhov sawv tib lub fortress nyob rau hauv Belarus uas muaj sia nyob mus rau niaj hnub no. Thawj qhov hais txog nws hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 14th. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov thawj fortifications tshwm. Bykhov, surrounded los ntawm ib tug rampart nrog bastions thiab ib tug tob moat, yog nto moo rau nws impregnability. Lub tsev fuabtais nws tus kheej tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Jan KarolKhadkevich, uas siv nws ua lub teb chaws nyob ntawm sab xis ntawm tus dej Dnieper. Xyoo 1619, kev tsim kho lub tsev fuabtais tau ua tiav tag nrho.

Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau ntsib ntau yam kev ua tub rog. Peter lub Great tau muab lub fortress ntawm Bykhov ob zaug. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev fuabtais poob nyob rau hauv lub onslaught ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsar. Tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, Bykhov poob nws lub hom phiaj, tig, zoo li ntau lub tsev fuabtais hauv Belarus, mus rau hauv keeb kwm architectural monument.

Hnub no tsuas yog cov seem me me ntawm kev ua tau zoo yav dhau los. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam tau tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv vaj tse tshwj xeeb, tus nqi ntawm kev kho dua tshiab yuav raug them tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm lub zos, tab sis kuj los ntawm Republican pob nyiaj siv. Txog tam sim no, tsuas yog cov ruins ntawm lub tsev fuabtais loj ntawm Sapieha muaj rau cov neeg taug kev saib.

Tsev fuabtais hauv Belarus qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov neeg hauv lub tebchaws no, tus ntsuj plig uas tsis tau tawg los ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab teeb meem ntau. Kev khaws cia thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm cov tsev fuabtais ntawm Belarus yog pov thawj tias cov neeg thaj yeeb thiab kev ywj pheej-hlub Belarusian nco txog keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv.