Lub ntsiab ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow yog thaj chaw thaj chaw.
toj siab
cheeb tsam Moscow yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev pab cuam feem ntau. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, toj siab, nce mus txog ntau tshaj ib puas thiab rau caum meters. Sab hnub tuaj feem ntau yog nyob hauv qhov chaw qis.
Ciam teb ntawm Moscow glaciation stretched ntawm sab qab teb hnub poob mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm nws, daim ntawv glacial-erosion dominates, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog moraine kab. Mus rau sab qab teb, tsuas yog daim ntawv erosional nyem tau dav.
Climate
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av Moscow txiav txim siab thaj tsam huab cua sov. Vim hais tias lub caij ntuj sov, huab cua sov nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab txias txias nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Ib tug tuaj yeem pom qhov nce hauv continentality los ntawm sab qaum teb hnub poob mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. RauLub sij hawm ntawm 120 mus rau 135 hnub qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub kub yog qis dua 0 degrees Celsius. Lub sijhawm no kav txij nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ib Hlis mus txog rau lub Peb Hlis kawg. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow tau hloov mus rau qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub, uas yog li ntawm 2.7 txog 3.8 degrees Celsius.
Rivs
Txhua cov dej ntws hauv cheeb tsam Moscow yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau Volga phiab. Lub Volga nws tus kheej mus ncig tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm thaj chaw hauv qhov chaw uas ciam teb nrog thaj tsam Tver nyob. Lub tributaries ntawm lub Volga ntws nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ib feem, thiab lub tributaries ntawm lub Oka ntws nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem, uas yog thawj thiab thib ob loj tributary tom qab lub Volga nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam. Lub Oka phiab kuj suav nrog cov ceg ntawm Moskva River, uas mus ncig ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Meshchera.
Tag nrho cov dej hauv cheeb tsam muaj ntau dua peb puas. Lawv qhov ntev yog ntau tshaj kaum kilometers. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj qhov dej nyab, ib lub hav zoo tsim, thiab dej nyab. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv daus. Lub sijhawm dej nyab yog txij lub Plaub Hlis mus txog rau lub Tsib Hlis. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, qhov ntsuas dej tag nrho yog qhov sib piv qis, nce tsuas yog thaum nag los ntev. Txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis mus txog Lub Plaub Hlis, cov dej ntws tau npog nrog dej khov. Tsuas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws yog navigable: Oka, Volga thiab Moskva River.
Ntsuab
Vim qhov tseeb tias thaj av Moscow nyob hauv thaj chaw hav zoov thiab hav zoov-steppe, cov hav zoov tuab nyob txog plaub caug feem pua ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam. Sab qaum teb yog sawv cev los ntawm Upper VolgaLowland, sab hnub poob - Mozhaysky, Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskaya koog tsev kawm ntawv. Coniferous hav zoov tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hav zoov spruce. Qhov xwm ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam hauv thaj av Meshchera yog sawv cev los ntawm ntoo thuv hav zoov. Nyob rau hauv swampy lowlands, cais alder forests yuav pom. Coniferous thiab broad-leaved ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab ib feem me me ntawm sab hnub tuaj ib ncig. Lub hauv paus yog spruce, ntoo thuv, birch, aspen.
Lub undergrowth yog dominated los ntawm hazel, kuj hu ua hazelnut. Kev sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm thaj av Moscow tau piav qhia los ntawm kev muaj ntau subzones. Yog hais tias coniferous ntoo predominate nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, ces broad-leaved forests yog nyob rau sab qab teb. Qhov no suav nrog ntoo qhib, aspen, nrog rau elm thiab maple nrog cov nplooj ntse. Xws li ib qho kev hloov pauv raws li Moskvoretsko-Okskaya Upland yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv loj spruce hav zoov. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov no yog qhov siab ntawm tus dej Lopasni. Lub hav Oka yog npog los ntawm ntoo thuv hav zoov, yam ntxwv ntawm steppes los ntawm xwm.
Nyob rau sab qab teb sab nrauv, uas suav nrog Serebryano-Prudsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, thaj chaw hav zoov-steppe yeej. Vim lub fact tias txhua daim av yog plowed, lub ntuj complex tsis tau khaws cia txawm nyob rau hauv fragments. Tsuas yog qee zaus koj tuaj yeem pom linden lossis ntoo qhib.
Vim qhov tseeb tias txij li xyoo pua kaum yim hav zoov tau raug cuam tshuam hnyav, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow tau hloov pauv hauv qhov piv ntawm tsob ntoo. Coniferous (tshwj xeeb - spruce) hav zoov tau hloov los ntawm me me-leaved, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm birch thiab aspen. Txog niaj hnub no, txhua lub hav zoov muaj txiaj ntsig kev txuag dej, yog li kev txiav tawm tsis zootab tom pib. Kev kho dua tshiab tau ua tib zoo ua tiav, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txhim kho - hauv thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw deb nroog Moscow.
Swamps tau dav hauv cheeb tsam Shatursky thiab Lukhovitsky. Lawv feem ntau yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Ntuj dej nyab meadows yuav luag tsis pom. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag ib txwm muaj tsawg zuj zus, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg sawv cev ntsuab ntawm lwm hom, piv txwv li, American maple, Sosnovsky's hogweed, thiab thaj chaw dej hiav txwv, tau nce ntau thiab ntau dua. Kev tiv thaiv xwm txheej ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, txij li ntau cov nroj tsuag tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lavxias Federation. Cov no muaj xws li dej txiv ntseej, poj niam khau khiab thiab lwm yam.
Nyob ntiaj teb
Cov chav kawm ntawm cov tsiaj hauv cheeb tsam yog sawv cev los ntawm badgers, beavers, squirrels, otters, desmans, ermines, raccoon aub, hedgehogs, hares (dawb, hare), shrews, weasels, hma, elk, wild boars, roe mos lwj, moles, nas (dub, grey), ntoo thuv martens, nas (tsob hav zoov, daj-throated, teb, brownies, me nyuam nas), hav zoov nas, minks, mos lwj (noble, spotted, mos lwj), muskrats, voles (liab)., grey, ploughed, dej, housekeepers), dub ferrets. Kev sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow tsis txwv rau cov npe teev. Ntawm ciam teb koj tuaj yeem ntsib dais, lynx, hma. Grey hamsters, pom gophers, hamsters, pob zeb martens, ferrets nyob rau sab qab teb.
Qee qhov chaw tuaj yeem khav ntawm cov neeg muaj zog ntawm cov tsiaj atypical rau thaj chaw. Cov no muaj xws li ya squirrels, American ya squirrels, Siberian roe mos lwj. Piv txwv li, cov hom tsiaj no tau qhia los ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow muaj ntau tshaj li kaum ob hom bats: hmo ntuj puav (nroj tsuag, mustachioed, pas dej, dej), puav (ntoo, dwarfs), yav tsaus ntuj (liab, me, loj), ob-tone tawv, xim av pob ntseg.
Winged fauna
Ornithological complex muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas thiab xya caum hom noog. Muaj ntau tus ntoo peckers, thrushes, hazel grouses, bullfinches, nightingales, corncrakes, lapwings, white storks, grey herons, gulls, grebes, ducks, thiab shelducks. Muaj ntau ntau sparrows, magpies, crows, nrog rau lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov noog uas nyob hauv nruab nrab Russia. Ntau tshaj plaub caug ntau yam raug cais raws li kev yos hav zoov.
Tus neeg nyob hauv dej
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub cev dej, uas yog tsev rau ntau yam ntses (ruffs, crucian carp, bream, perch, roach, rotan, pike perch, pike).
Cov kab kab muaj ntau ntau yam. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau tshaj peb puas subspecies ntawm muv ib leeg. Cov "neeg nyob" ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab Thoob Ntiaj Teb kuj nyob ntawm no.
Amphibians
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv rau hom tsiaj reptiles. Peb tuaj yeem pom cov duab ntawm lawv ib txhia hauv cov phau ntawv kawm. Cov no yog lizards (xws li nkig, spindles, viviparous, nimble), nab (ntau vipers, common nab, copperheads). Kuj tseem muaj pov thawj tias muaj cov neeg me me ntawm cov vaub kib hauv cheeb tsam. Cov chav kawm ntawm amphibians yog sawv cev los ntawm newts (common, zuag), toads (grey thiab ntsuab),qav (nyom, moor, pas dej, pas dej, noj tau), common spadefoot, red-bellied toad.
Kev ruaj ntseg
Lub teb chaws qhov project "Natural Diversity ntawm Moscow Cheeb Tsam" yog tsim los kos xim rau cov khoom ntawm lub teb chaws cuab yeej cuab tam uas muaj tshwj xeeb ib puag ncig, kab lis kev cai, scientific tseem ceeb.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm cov biocomplexes, lawv qhov tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau khaws cia thiab tiv thaiv. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tshwj xeeb cov chaw tiv thaiv tau raug tsim. Cov no suav nrog Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve (qhov twg bison nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb), Losiny Ostrov National Park, nrog rau Zavidovo yos hav zoov reserves thiab tsoom fwv teb chaws xwm reserves.
Lub Moscow Thaj Chaw Nature Diversity Project tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov chaw tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv uas yog ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv tebchaws. Xws li complexes yog cais seem ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb thiab dej nto, nrog rau qhov chaw saum lawv. Lawv tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam los ntawm lub xeev cov tub ceev xwm, thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb nyob rau ntawm no los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb.
Natural Monuments
Cov chaw tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog biocomplexes tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau. Ntuj monuments ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow muaj ntau tshaj li yim caum khoom. Hauv vaj tsev, barrows, me noog colonies, cais thaj chaw ntawm steppe colonies, seem ntawm hav, cais ravines, beaver colonies, nesting chawnoog, pas dej me me, chaw nyob, thaj chaw me me hav zoov, pas dej oxbow, muaj ib txoj cai tswj xyuas lawv lub xeev ntuj. Tag nrho cov no raug tshem tawm ntawm kev siv av thiab raug tswj los ntawm kev cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Txhua lub ces kaum ntawm qhov xwm txheej muaj nws tus kheej daim ntawv hla tebchaws, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub npe, qhov chaw, theem ntawm subordination, ciam teb, kev tiv thaiv kev tswj hwm, kev tso cai siv, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj ntawm cov tswv ntawm thaj av thaj chaw uas ntuj tsim. nyob, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov neeg uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev txuag ntawm biocomplex.
