thaj av Nizhny Novgorod yog ib qho kev tsim kho ntawm Lavxias Federation. Lub chaw tswj hwm yog Nizhny Novgorod, yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv Volga Federal District. Nws keeb kwm spans ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Nws lub hauv paus yog txuas nrog kev xav tau los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm Volga Bulgars. Txij thaum ntawd los, Nizhny Novgorod yeej ib txwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm lub xeev. Txawm tias muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, kuj muaj cov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev. Lub cheeb tsam Nizhny Novgorod muaj reserves ntawm nws thaj chaw, uas paub tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Lawv yog lub teb chaws cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm lub teb chaws. Cov no yog Kerzhensky Reserve, Ichalkovsky Reserve, Svetloyar thiab Vadskoye Lakes. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj tshwj xeeb flora thiab fauna.
Kerzhensky Nature Reserve - keeb kwm luv luv
Thaj chaw ntawm cov ciam teb txij li lub sijhawm cov chaw nyob tau tshwm sim thiab txog rau xyoo 1993taiga massifs thiab thaj chaw ntawm swamps. Tsis muaj kev sib tham txog kev tiv thaiv kev txiav tawm, lossis tsawg kawg yog tswj hwm. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1993 lub Kerzhensky cia tau tsim. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj hwm thaj chaw nrog cov ecosystems tshwj xeeb, flora thiab fauna thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev ploj mus.
Lub chaw no nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Kerzhentsa River, hauv Borsky thiab Semenovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm nruj heev. Tiag tiag, tag nrho cov reserves thiab sanctuaries ntawm lub Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam yog kev tiv thaiv, tab sis nyob rau hauv Kerzhensky yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv tso cai txawm rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb ntawm nws thaj chaw. Cia li mus thiab qhuas qhov zoo nkauj ntawm tej yam yuav tsis ua hauj lwm.
Ua tsaug rau tsoomfwv tswj hwm, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ploj ntawm ntau hom nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Ntxiv mus, kev sim tau ua nyob rau hauv cia kom yug tsiaj uas tsis nyob ntawm no, xws li ptarmigan. Muaj tseeb tiag, txog tam sim no qhov kev sim tsis tau ua tiav.
Flora thiab fauna ntawm Kerzhensky Reserve
thaj chaw ntawm cov ciam teb npog cov taiga thiab cov av ntub dej. Cov ntoo yog dominated los ntawm conifers. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov chaw uas nyob hauv hav zoov sib xyaw - spruce, ntoo thuv thiab ntoo loj-tawm. Lub ntsiab ntoo thuv hav zoov tau khaws cia tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Kerzhenets River. Alder, birch, ntoo qhib loj hlob ntawm ntug dej ntawm taiga ntws thiab ntws. Yeej tsis muaj meadows nyob rau hauv lub reserve. Tag nrho cov no yog vim tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kev ua hav zoov thiab hluav taws kub ntau - xwm txheej tau ua rau nws tus kheej kho dua tshiab ntawm ecosystem.
Npauj npaim muaj ntau haiv neeg. Ntawm cov tsiaj muaj hedgehogs, moles, shrews, puav, dais, lynxes, hma, hma, raccoon aub, nas thiab ntau lwm tus. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib ntau yam noog, suav nrog hawk, kestrel, harrier, grey crane, buzzard, kite, owl, owl, owl, kingfisher, quail thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab. Lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles thiab amphibians yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tsiaj xws li lizard, spindle, viper, copperhead, toad, newt, qav. Hauv cov dej ntws, pas dej thiab cov kwj deg koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntses xws li roach, pike, rudd, bleak, tench, catfish, ruff, perch, burbot thiab lwm yam.
Ib lub cim tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej - Ichalkovsky cia
Yog tias Kerzhensky qhov tshwj xeeb muaj keeb kwm luv luv thiab luv luv, ces lwm yam khoom muaj nyob rau li 50 xyoo. Cov qauv ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntuj suav nrog ntau qhov chaw uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog li cas Ichalkovsky xwm cia tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1971. Nws koom ua ke Ichalkovsky ntoo thuv hav zoov, cov phiaj xwm hauv qhov dej nyab ntawm Pyana River thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov teb thiab cov tub ceev xwm nyob ib sab ntawm lawv.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, thaj chaw tau raug coj los tiv thaiv vim yog cov nroj tsuag relict ntawm Lub Hnub Nyoog Ice. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tsua karst ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Ichalkovsky boron. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj thib ob rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cheeb tsam no. Tsis tsuas yog ntoo thuv loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw, tab sis kuj oaks, ntoo tshauv, birches thiab lwm yam ntoo tawv. Shrub undergrowth yog tsim heev - nwsmuaj buckthorn, currant, noog cherry, honeysuckle, hazel.
Karst sinkholes ntawm Ichalkovsky hav zoov
Karst sinkholes sau feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia. Ntau ntawm lawv tsim cov pas dej, thiab qee qhov yog tag nrho cov qhov tsua. Lawv txawm muaj lawv tus kheej lub npe thiab trodden txoj kev. Ua ntej koj tuaj yeem ntsib Ice Cave. Nws muaj ob chav, qhov kub tsis nce siab tshaj -3˚C txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov. Frost thiab dej khov tsis yaj hauv nws. Txog ib puas meters los ntawm Ledyanaya yog lub Startseva Pit, uas muaj peb grottoes. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, hermits nyob ntawd. Tsis deb ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob muaj lub qhov tsua Nameless nrog ib tug grotto thiab ib lub pas dej nrog dej khov. Nws yog pob tshab uas nyob rau hauv ib nrab tsaus ntuj nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom pom cov ciam teb ntawm dej. Tab sis qhov chaw cob qhia nyiam rau cov neeg nce toj - Kuleva Pit - khaws cov lus dab neeg txaus ntshai txog cov neeg tuag ntawm cov neeg ua phem thiab tua tus kheej uas tau muab pov rau hauv.
Kev nkag mus rau qhov khaws cia yog dawb dua, yog li nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau kev qhuas qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab toj roob hauv pes. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm txhua qhov chaw tiv thaiv.
Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam. Reserves
Nizhny Novgorod thiab thaj chaw ntawm nws thaj av muaj npe nrov tsis yog rau saum toj saud. Muaj txog 28 qhov tshwj xeeb, thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntuj thiab keeb kwm, 102 ntuj monuments hauv cheeb tsam Nizhny Novgorod. Reserves muaj cov xwm txheej sib txawv, teem caij thiab qib kev nkag mus rau lawv. Yog li, rau kev kawm ntawm sphagnum bogs, Rdeisky State Nature Reserve tau tsim. Txhawm rau khaws cia lub pas dej-forest complex ntawm Valdai Upland, aValdai National Park. Ntuj monuments suav nrog xws li reserves hauv cheeb tsam Nizhny Novgorod li Lake Vadskoye (Mordovskoye) thiab Svetloyar.
Lakes li monuments ntawm xwm thiab tsis yog
Vadskoye Lake yog tsim los ntawm karst springs thiab nyob rau ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej Vadok. Lub pas dej hnyav dhau los nrog cov nyom thiab algae, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj tsam li 56 hectares thiab txuas ntxiv nthuav dav. Lub pas dej ua haujlwm ua qhov chaw lom zem rau cov neeg nyiam dhia dej. Coob leej ntau tus tab tom nrhiav kev nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua uas tau tawg, uas cov dej nkag mus rau hauv lub reservoir.
Lake Svetloyar muaj lwm lub yeeb koob. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, Kitezh-grad tau nyob ntawm no, uas, thaum lub sij hawm ntxeem tau ntawm lub Tatar-Mongolian horde, mus nyob rau hauv dej. Lub cheeb tsam no ua hauj lwm ua ib qho chaw pilgrimage rau adherents ntawm txoj kev ntseeg Orthodox. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim tsis txaus ntseeg feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm Svetloyar, uas tseem nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Cov no yog cov chaw tshwj xeeb uas thaj av Nizhny Novgorod muaj. Cov nyiaj khaws cia tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv cheeb tsam thiab tsoomfwv lub xeev.
