Cov pawg ntawm Palace Square nyob rau sab qaum teb lub nroog yog suav tias yog lub cim ntawm lub nroog. Qhov no yog ib qho complex ntawm architectural masterpieces koom ua ke los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 8 hectares. Txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tuaj txog hauv St. Petersburg, yuav tsum tau mus saib lub tsev zoo nkauj Lub Caij Ntuj Sov, taug kev los ntawm Arc de Triomphe ntawm General Staff Building, saib Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm thiab thaij duab tawm tsam tom qab ntawm Alexander Kem.
Keeb kwm ntawm Palace Square pawg hnub rov qab mus rau 1721, thaum Emperor Peter kuv tau hais kom nws suav nrog hauv cov phiaj xwm rau kev tsim kho lub nroog. Tus tsim ntawm lub square tau ua tau tom qab qhov kawg, twb thib tsib, version ntawm lub restructuring ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace. Los ntawm 1754 txog 1762, kev tsim kho tau ua raws li kev coj ua ntawm Bartolomeo Rastrelli nto moo. Tus kws kes duab vajtse no coj ntau txoj haujlwm rau tsev neeg imperial: lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Peterhof, Catherine's hauv Tsarskoye Selo, St. Andrew's Cathedral hauv Kyiv, thiab hauv nroog nws tus kheej - Smolnylub tsev teev ntuj. Rastrelli ua haujlwm rau Elizabeth Petrovna, tus ntxhais ntawm Peter I, tab sis tom qab nws tuag nws raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab tawm hauv Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim ntawm tus tswv zoo siab ua tsaug rau cov xeeb ntxwv tam sim no.
History of the Square
Tag nrho pawg ntawm Palace Square tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Lub npe ntawm qhov chaw nyiam rau taug kev ncig xyuas tau hloov ntau zaus. Thaum xub thawj, thaj tsam tom qab lub caij ntuj no Palace yog ib lub tiaj nyom overgrown nrog nyom, hu ua Admir alteisky. Folk festivals thiab kev ua koob tsheej zoo kawg nkaus tau muaj nyob ntawd. Qhov chaw no tau txais lub npe no mus txog rau xyoo 1772, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv qee cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm twb nyob rau hauv 1766 lub square hu ua Palace, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace nyob rau sab qaum teb.
Tom qab kev tawm tsam thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv xyoo 1917, lub xwmfab tau hloov npe rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm kev ntes ntawm lub tsev - Moses Solomonovich Uritsky, uas raug tua ntawm qhov nkag mus rau General Staff Building. Los ntawm 1918 txog 1944, Uritsky Square yog qhov chaw rau kev ua yeeb yam, kev sib tw thiab cov xwm txheej pej xeem.
Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Soviet cov tub ceev xwm, cov npe keeb kwm ntawm nees nkaum yam khoom raug xa rov qab rau hauv nroog, suav nrog thaj chaw nyiam los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog. Txij xyoo 1944, nws rov los ua Vaj Qhia.
Winter Palace
Ib qho ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm Palace Square pawg yog lub caij ntuj no Palace. Qhov no yog lub tsev peb-zaj dab neeg ntev nrog peb qhov zoo nkauj los ntawm koov tsim los ntawm Rastrelli, ntsuab nrog cov kab dawb-dawb. Tag nrho cheeb tsam yog 60,000 m2. Hauv lub tsev muaj 1,500 chav, uas tam sim no nyob hauv Hermitage.
Thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob, lub palace tau tsim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho, hauv 1837 hluav taws kub uas kav peb hnub ua rau lub tsev feem ntau rhuav tshem, xyoo 1880 lub palace tau tawg los ntawm cov kiv puag ncig Kh alturin, uas xav tua tus huab tais. Lub tsev tau raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. Kev kho kom rov zoo li qub ntawm lub tsev siv ntau xyoo.
Lub Tsev Haujlwm
Lwm lub tsev ntawm Palace Square pawg hauv St. Petersburg tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho txuj ci ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev zoo nkauj ntawm Karl Ivanovich Rossi - qhov no yog General Headquarters nrog Arc de Triomphe zoo nkauj. Nws muaj ob lub tsev nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau ib leeg. Lawv txuas rau hauv nruab nrab los ntawm ib lub koov overlooking Bolshaya Morskaya Street.
Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev yog 580 meters. Yav dhau los, muaj peb lub Ministry nyob rau hauv lub tsev: nyiaj txiag, tub rog thiab txawv teb chaws affairs. Tam sim no ib feem ntawm thaj chaw yog tshwj tseg rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm Hermitage Tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis ib lub tis tseem nyob hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Tub Rog. Sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tsev ntsib lub embankment ntawm tus dej Moika. Lub dome hlau loj nrog cov iav inset yog tso rau saum lub tsev qiv ntawv kom pom kev zoo dua hauv chav.
Arc de Triomphe
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Rossi Palace Square pawg yog nyob rau ntawm Arc de Triomphe, uas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev. Nws muaj peb ntu, ua raws ib leeg ntawm qee qhov deb. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi nkag mus hauv lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm Bolshaya Morskaya Street tsis tau paub txog txhua qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw,uas loj dua Red Square nyob rau hauv Moscow, tab sis nrog txhua kauj ruam mus rau hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub koov, tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub palace, txhua kab thiab ib puag ncig vaj tse qhib ua ntej lawv.
Lub koov yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog xim av bas-liefs. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog impressive yog sab sauv ntawm lub tsev nrog ib tug luxurious chariot tsav los ntawm ob tug tub rog hnav khaub ncaws Roman armor nrog hmuv nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes. Lawv tsav rau tus nees nqa tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm Hwjchim ci ntsa iab nrog tis loj rau ntawm nws nraub qaum. Nws tuav lub paj laurel ntawm ib sab tes thiab tus qauv hauv lwm qhov.
Alexander Column
Cov khoom siv vaj tsev ntawm Palace Square yuav tsis ua tiav yog tias tsis muaj kab siab nyob hauv nruab nrab. Yog hais tias kev tsim kho ntawm lub koov tau mob siab rau kev yeej nyob rau hauv Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812, ces nyob rau hauv lub obelisk Nicholas kuv immortalized lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tus tij laug Alexander kuv, uas yeej Napoleon.
Lub tswv yim los txhim kho lub monument nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tau thov los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm Palace Square ensemble - Rossi, tab sis nws tsis xav muab lwm monument rau Tsar Peter. Emperor Nicholas kuv tshaj tawm ib qho kev sib tw rau qhov project zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev hwm ntawm nws tus kwv. Tus kws kes duab vajtse Auguste Montferrand nkag siab tias obelisk yuav tsum sawv tawm hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub square, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem me me. Nws nthuav tawm ib qhov project ntawm obelisk hauv daim ntawv ntawm granite pedestal nrog bas-reliefs. Tab sis Nicholas kuv tsis nyiam nws. Tus huab tais xav pom ib kab siab. Ces tus kws kes duab vajtse nthuav tawm qhov thib ob version ntawm lub monument, uas nws thiaj li ntsia tau rau hauv 1834.
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Nruab nrab Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav thiab Lub Tsev Loj Zoo Nkaujlub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm, ib chav me me uas tsis pom zoo tau ua rau cov tub rog mus rau kev xyaum xyaum, uas ua rau tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm lub xwmfab. Nws tau txiav txim siab rhuav tshem nws thiab ua kom tiav lub tsev tsim vaj tsev nrog lwm lub tsev zoo nkauj. Lub tsev hauv paus ntawm Guards Corps tau tsim los ntawm tus kwv tij ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Karl Bryullov. Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov tau saib xyuas kev tsim kho los ntawm 1837 txog 1843. Thaum lub sij hawm no, muaj hluav taws kub nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no Palace, yog li ntawd nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tus kws kes duab vajtse tau koom nyob rau hauv lub restoration ntawm lub tsev tom qab hluav taws.
Lub tsev loj ntawm lub tsev nrog ib lub tiaj phab ntsa, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog bas-reliefs thiab txhua kab, ntsib lub xwmfab. Rau hnub so, tam sim no ib feem ntawm phab ntsa yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog panels rau qhov kev tshwm sim. Kev nkag mus rau lub tsev yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev.
Palace and Temple Ensemble ntawm Cathedral Square
Hauv Moscow, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin, muaj lwm qhov xwm txheej zoo nkauj uas nyiam txhua tus neeg ncig tebchaws. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev complex hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 14th, tab sis lub square tau txais nws tam sim no zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tau ua los ntawm Italian architects: Aristotle Fioravanti, Pietro Antonio Solari, Bon Fryazin, thiab lwm yam.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem qhuas Ivan lub Tuam Tsev Teev Ntuj Loj, uas muaj peb ntu. Qhov no yog tus ncej ntawm lub tswb pej thuam nws tus kheej thiab nyob ze Assumption Belfry thiab Filaret's Annex.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, Assumption Cathedral tsim los ntawm Aristotle Fioravanti tau tshwm sim ntawm lub square. Nws siv sijhawm plaub xyoos los tsim lub tuam tsev.
Los ntawm sab qab teb ntawm lub xwmfab, Archangel Cathedral flaunts, uas tau tsim raws li qhov project ntawm Milanese kws kes duab vajtse Aleviz Fryazin thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Lub Annunciation Cathedral tau nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev palace, raws li nws tau tsim rau cov kev xav tau ntawm tsev neeg grand-ducal.
Lwm qhov khoom vaj tsev ntawm lub xwmfab yog Faceted Chamber, uas tau siv los tuav cov rooj sib tham ntawm boyars, thiab hnub no - txais tos Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub tebchaws. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1487 los ntawm Mark Ruffo. Lub tsev tom ntej no yog Patriarch's Chambers, uas txuas nrog tsib-domed Cathedral ntawm Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim. Muaj ib tug refectory thiab private chambers ntawm rulers.
Ua tiav cov lus piav qhia ntawm Cathedral Square, ib qho tsis tuaj yeem hais txog lwm yam khoom vaj tsev me me - Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Deposition of the Robe, ua los ntawm Pskov architects thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th.
