Bendery fortress: keeb kwm, duab, kev mus ncig

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub Bendery Fortress yog ib qho chaw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Cov duab ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov no, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav txog nplooj ntawv ntawm nws cov keeb kwm nplua nuj, koj tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no.

Bendery: nrhiav lub nroog thiab tsim lub fortress

Lub nroog Bendery tau tshwm sim rau qhov chaw thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau hu ua Tigina (los ntawm txoj kev, cov Romanians, nrog rau qee tus Moldovans tseem hu ua qhov ntawd). Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe no feem ntau yuav txuas nrog lo lus "rub", txij li qhov kev sib hais haum nws tus kheej tau tshwm sim ze ntawm kev hla loj hla Dniester.

Lub nroog tau hloov npe hu ua Bendery los ntawm Turks, uas tau txeeb thaj av hauv zos xyoo 1538. Lawv, ob xyoos tom qab, pib tsim lub fortress muaj zog ntawm no. Txawm hais tias nws paub tias yav dhau los, Bendery yog ib feem ntawm txoj siv tiv thaiv ntawm Moldavian huab tais Stefan lub Great.

Lub Bendery fortress tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Sinan, uas thaum lub sijhawm nws lub neej ntev (yuav luag ib puas xyoo) tau tsim ntau tshaj peb puas lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws Ottoman. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub qub USSR muaj lwm architectural monument ntawm nws authorship - qhov no yog Khan-Jami mosque nyob rau hauvEvpatoria.

Impregnable fortress hauv Bendery

Evliy Chelebi, tus nto moo Turkish mus ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, muab peb cov lus piav qhia keeb kwm thawj zaug ntawm lub fortress hauv lub nroog Transnistrian no. Lub Bendery fortress yog ib qho ntawm Western European tiv thaiv qauv ntawm hom bastion. Nws txoj kev tsim kho pib yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab lub nroog tau los ua ib feem ntawm Porta. Tag nrho lub nroog tau pib puag ncig los ntawm qhov sib sib zog nqus moat thiab lub siab rampart. Lub fortress nws tus kheej, uas nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam loj ntawm 67 hectares, muab faib ua ob ntu: sab sauv thiab qis.

Vim nws qhov chaw nyob, Bendery fortress tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim rau ntau xyoo. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish.

Keeb kwm ntawm Bendery fortress nco ntsoov ntau qhov kev sim ua cua daj cua dub. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm lawv ua tsis tiav. Txog rau thaum xyoo 1770, lub fortress tseem nyob twj ywm impregnable kiag li.

Fortress thaum Russia-Turkish tsov rog

Lub sijhawm Lavxias-Turkish kev tsov rog, cov tub rog Lavxias, raws li koj paub, tau coj lub zog tseem ceeb no rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Dniester peb zaug. Thawj qhov kev ntes ntawm Bendery fortress tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1770. Kev ua haujlwm, uas kav ntev li 60 hnub, tau coj los ntawm Pert Panin. Cov neeg tawm tsam tau tswj hwm kom rhuav tshem ib qho ntawm cov yees ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, tom qab ntawd cov Russians pib ua phem. Thaum lub sij hawm ntes ntawm Bendery fortress, txog li 30% ntawm Panin tag nrho cov tub rog tuag - qhov no yog hais txog rau txhiab tus tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj tau ua tiav: thaum kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli 1770, cov tub rog Lavxias hauv Bendery fortress.ceeb toom rau nws noj.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Lavxias teb sab Empress Catherine II thuam qhov kev yeej no, hu ua Pyrrhic. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev poob ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb no yog qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag rau lub tebchaws Ottoman.

Cov kev ntes tom ntej ntawm Bendery fortress los ntawm Russians tau tshwm sim hauv 1789 thiab 1806. Txawm li cas los xij, ces txhua yam mus tsis muaj ntshav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1789, Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Grigory Potemkin coj nws yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus, thiab nyob rau hauv 1806, lub fortress raug ntes los ntawm cunning thiab xiab nyiaj ntawm lub Turkish garrison zov nws.

Raws li koj paub, kev tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish tau xaus rau lub tebchaws Ottoman. Tom qab lawv tas lawm, Russia txuas ntxiv nws lub hwj chim rau txhua thaj av ntawm Bessarabia.

Qhov tseeb txog Bendery Fortress

Muaj ntau qhov tseeb nthuav dav txuas nrog lub tuam tsev thiab lub fortification monument, uas nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi rau lub fortress. Nov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

• Bendery fortress tau ua nws txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum! Thiab niaj hnub no, ib pab tub rog ntawm lub xeev tsis lees paub, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, tau xa mus nyob ze nws.
• Lub fortress sheltered nyob rau hauv 1709 Ukrainian hetman Ivan Mazepa thiab Swedish huab tais Charles XII, uas khiav tom qab lub yeej nyob ze Poltava. Tsis ntev Mazepa tuag ntawm no, nyob sab nrauv ntawm Bendery, hauv lub zos Varnitsa.
• Kev saws me nyuam hauv 1711 ntawm qhov hu ua thawj txoj cai lij choj ntawm Tebchaws Europe - txoj cai lij choj ntawm Pylyp Orlik, uas yog tus ua tiav rau Mazepa tuag, txuas nrog Bendery fortress.
• BLub Bendery Fortress tam sim no nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev tsim txom - tib lub hauv Transnistria.

Munchausen lub hauv paus hauv lub tshav puam ntawm Bendery fortress

Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias tus neeg tsim khoom nto moo thiab tus neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj Baron Munchausen tsis yog tus cwj pwm tsis tseeb. Ib tug neeg zoo li no, nyob rau hauv tib lub npe, yeej muaj. Baron Munchausen los ntawm German Bondenwerder tau ua haujlwm hauv cov tub rog Lavxias hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th thiab koom nrog kev ntes los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias ntawm Bakhchisaray, Perekop, Khotin thiab Evpatoria. Tab sis lub sij hawm no cov Russians ua tsis tau tejyam coj lub Bendery fortress, thiab tus baron los ua tim khawv rau qhov no.

Feem ntau, tus neeg piav dab neeg Munchausen tuaj yeem yooj yim "ya" ntawm cov tub ntxhais nto moo tshaj txhua lub fortress hauv Tebchaws Europe. Tab sis hauv Bender lawv yog thawj tus paub tias lawv tuaj yeem siv zaj dab neeg no rau lawv tus kheej. Tib lub pob phom loj uas Saxon baron ya tau nruab rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm Bendery fortress.

Lub xeev tam sim no thiab kev tsim kho ntawm Bendery fortress

Nyob rau xyoo 2008, yav dhau los tau npaj loj-loj rov tsim kho lub fortress pib. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ib tug ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Bendery mus ntes lub Bendery ruaj khov. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress, lawv tau npaj ib txoj kev ntawm Lavxias teb sab glory, tsa ib tug monument rau lub Constitution ntawm Pylyp Orlik, raws li zoo raws li lub npe nrov Baron Munchausen.

Tam sim no muaj ob lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress: thawj yog ib hom kev tsim txom lub tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob koj tuaj yeem kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm Bendery fortress. Txij li thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2012, lub khw muag khoom plig tau ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws, qhov twg, tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem yuav.chic ceramics thiab ntoo ua los ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse hauv zos.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg 2013, qhov thib ob loj reconstruction ntawm lub Bendery fortress pib. Hauv particular, kev ua hauj lwm pib ntawm kev kho dua tshiab ntawm ob lub yees ntawm lub architectural complex. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kos duab tau pleev xim rau sab hauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj fortress Alexander Nevsky. Los ntawm txoj kev, xyoo no qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev tuaj koom yog qhov loj tshaj plaws: xyoo 2013, ntau dua 14 txhiab tus neeg tuaj xyuas lub fortress.

Nyob rau xyoo 2014, qhov kev tua zoo nkauj tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw, qhov chaw uas txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem xyaum tua nrog hneev lossis hneev, thiab zoo li tus tub rog medieval tiag tiag. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, kev ua hauj lwm pib ntawm lub restoration ntawm lub fortress qis. Niaj hnub no, lub fortress Bendery yog nce mus rau hauv ib tug txaus nyiam neeg mus ncig tebchaws attraction. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi ntawm no yog chav tub rog nyob ze. Txawm hais tias cov tub rog lawv tus kheej tau siv sijhawm ntev rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Lub Bendery Fortress yog piav qhia ntawm cov ntawv xa nyiaj thiab ntawv nyiaj ntawm ob lub koom pheej ntawm Moldova thiab PMR tsis lees paub. Yog li, qhov chaw ruaj khov tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim ntawv nyiaj ntawm 100 Moldovan lei thiab 25 Transnistrian rubles. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub fortress yog depicted rau ib tug souvenir 100-ruble npib muab nyob rau hauv Transnistria nyob rau hauv 2006.

Bendery fortress: excursion, qhib teev

Txhua xyoo ntau thiab ntau tus neeg ncig tebchaws nyob ze thiab deb txawv teb chaws nyiam lub nroog Bendery. Tau kawg, lub hauv pausLub npe nrov Bendery Fortress yog ib qho ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub nroog. Kev mus ncig ua si rau thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los kawm txog cov nplooj ntawv ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm nws keeb kwm.

Lub fortress nyob rau hauv Bendery yog qhib rau sawv daws hnub no. Nws qhib txhua hnub los ntawm 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj. Tus nqi ntawm daim pib nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress yog 25 Pridnestrovian rubles. Ntawm no nws tsim nyog sau cia ob qho tseem ceeb nuances: thawj zaug, kev them nyiaj tuaj yeem ua tau tshwj xeeb hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tebchaws tsis lees paub, thiab thib ob, tus nqi ntawm daim pib nkag rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tebchaws tsis yog CIS yuav yog ob zaug siab.

Hauv lub fortress koj tuaj yeem xaj ib qho kev mus ncig ua si, tus nqi uas yuav nyob ntawm 50 txog 150 Pridnestrovian rubles (nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm pab pawg thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev mus ncig nws tus kheej). Tsis ntev los no nyob rau hauv lub fortress nws tau los mus txiav txim ib tug qhia uas hais lus Askiv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tuaj ncig txawv teb chaws yuav tau them ntxiv 25 rubles rau qhov kev pabcuam no.

Bendery Fortress: Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev tsim txom

Muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb hauv nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Bendery fortress - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev tsim txom. Nws tau qhib tsis ntev los no, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2012. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej no nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej medieval, cov cuab yeej thiab cov chav uas tsaus muag rau ntau yam tsim txom. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias koj tsis tas yuav them nyiaj cais rau kev nkag mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej no.

Lub tswv yim los tsim ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub fortress tau yug los sai sai, tom qab mus xyuas ib lub tsev fuabtais yees. Raws li koj paub, yav dhau los nws yog ib lub tsev loj cuj rau me me tub sab thiab marauders. Tseem nyob hauv tus pej thuamcov handcuffs qub thiab shackles rau cov neeg raug kaw tau khaws cia. Ob peb yam cuab yeej txawv txawv ntawm kev tsim txom tsis ntev tau ntxiv rau lawv, thiab vim li ntawd, tus pej thuam tau dhau los ua ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej tag nrho. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem pom ntawm no lub rooj zaum nug, lub hauv caug crusher, cov tshis thiab lwm yam uas txaus ntshai.

In xaus…

Bendery fortress yog ib lub fortification monument tshwj xeeb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe. Ua rov qab rau xyoo 1540, nws tau ntsib ntau yam xwm txheej kub ntxhov hauv nws lub neej. Niaj hnub no lub fortress yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws neeg mus ncig tebchaws attraction nyob rau hauv Transnistria.