Lub Struve Geodesic Arc yog ib qho ntawm cov kev tsim kho tsis meej thiab zoo heev uas tsis tas yuav ua rau koj xav tsis thoob nrog lub zog ntawm tib neeg lub siab. Thaum koj nkag siab txog qhov kev txawj ntse thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov project no, nws ua rau koj ua tsis taus pa. Tsis xav tias Duga tau suav nrog hauv daim ntawv teev npe ntawm UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Tab sis qee lub tsev sawv hauv kab tau ntau xyoo kom mus txog qhov ntawd.
Struve Geodesic Arc. Thiab qhov tseeb, qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi?
Hau peb cov lus qhuas, tej zaum koj yuav xav tias: "Hmm, geodesic Struve Arc: nws yog dab tsi?". Peb piav qhia ntawm tus ntiv tes.
Lub Struve Geodesic Arc yog ib kab ntawm 265 yam khoom. Txhua ntawm lawv yog ib lub voos xwmfab, ntug uas yog ob meters. Cov qauv zoo sib xws tau teeb tsa ntawm qee qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ib leeg, thiab tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm arc yog li 2820 mais.
Vim li cas nws thiaj tsim? Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kawm txog lub ntiaj teb, nws cov duab thiab qhov tsis muaj. Lub arc twb paub lawm raws li lub tswv yim ntawm Lavxias teb sab astronomer Vasily Yakovlevich Struve, uas yug nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws ua tau ib qho tseem ceeb pab rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub zos astronomical science, nws tej hauj lwm yog kawm nyob rau hauv universities thiabmus txog hnub no. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau poob rau xyoo pua 19th: koj puas tuaj yeem xav txog qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm geodetic Struve Arc rau kev tshawb fawb thaum lub sijhawm ntawd?
Science Concept
Raws li peb txhua tus paub los ntawm astronomy thiab keeb kwm zaj lus qhia, lub ntiaj teb yog thawj zaug xav tias yog kheej kheej. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev xav tias koj thiab kuv tau nyob ntawm lub voj voog. Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov no, ua haujlwm tau npaj los tsim geodesic Struve Arc.
Yog tias koj khij txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom Arc ntawm daim ntawv qhia, koj yuav pom cov saw hlau me me. Cov khoom tau nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, raws li 25th meridian. 13 cov ntsiab lus siv - mini-centers, nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov ntev thiab latitude tau txiav txim siab.
Txhua yam khoom tau raug cim tshwj xeeb. Tsis muaj kev sib cais. Cov cim tau hollowed tawm hauv cov pob zeb, cov pyramids tau txhim tsa thiab cov ntawv sau tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig.
Lub Struve Arc tseem hla dhau ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova thiab Lithuania. Cov hauj lwm tsis poob lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau 40 xyoo: txhua lub sijhawm no, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Lavxias teb sab soj ntsuam tau sau cov ntaub ntawv, tshuaj xyuas lawv thiab ua rau lawv tshawb pom.
Nws puas tseem ceeb?
Thiab, hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov kev tsim ntawm geodesic Struve Arc tau muab rau peb li cas? Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom overestimate lub koom haum rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm astronomical thiab geographical science. Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm pab pawg Struve tau siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntiaj teb rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo. Piv txwv li, ua tsaug rau cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, Struve muaj peev xwm ua tau ze li qhov ua tau los xam qhov loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Tsis tas li, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, ntau daim duab qhia tau tsim, cov txheej txheem navigation tau txhim kho. Nws kuj tau pab txhawb rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws.
UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam
Kev paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm no, Finns tau thov kom muab Duga rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm UNESCO World Heritage Site. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev ua haujlwm tau pib txiav txim siab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus uas tau teev tseg hauv thawj qhov kev npaj Struve. Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau ntawm lawv tau poob rau hauv oblivion. Hais txog Struve geodesic arc nyob rau hauv Russia, tsuas yog ob qho khoom seem tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab. Lawv nyob ntawm cov kob ntawm Gogland, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 34 yam khoom ntawm tus thawj Arc tau khaws cia. Lawv feem ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Norway thiab Belarus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kawm txog cov khoom no tseem ua tsis tau. Piv txwv li, peb tseem paub me ntsis txog ib feem ntawm Duga nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia thiab Ukraine.
Tom ntej. Cov kev nyeem tau los ntawm Struve Arc tau txheeb xyuas lub sijhawm siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Tshwj xeeb, tom qab cov ntaub ntawv tau muab piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm satellites. Rau qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm txhua tus kws tshawb fawb, nws tau pom tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yog tsawg heev. Kwv yees ntau npaum li cas? Tsuas yog 2 centimeters. Thaum lub sijhawm, qhov no yog qhov tsis tau hnov txog kev tawg!
Kev tsim lub ntiaj teb
Ntxiv rau, los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauvlub ntiaj teb no. Cov platforms tau teeb tsa hauv ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, thiab cov thawj coj ntawm ntau lub xeev tau pab txhawb kev tsim kho cov qauv.
Piv txwv li, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau nyiaj txiag los ntawm Lavxias tus huab tais: Alexander I thiab Nicholas I. Txawm li cas los xij, tus so tsis sawv ib sab. Thaum ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw ntawm Sweden thiab Norway, tsis yog tsuas yog Russians, tab sis kuj cov kws tshawb fawb hauv zos tau koom nrog. Thiab kev tso cai los ua kev tshawb fawb tau muab los ntawm tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Sweden thiab Norway, Oscar I.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo
Tau tsim lub Arc, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog hauv Lavxias kev nthuav dav tau koom nrog. Piv txwv li, tus kws kos duab paub zoo Iosif Khodzko tus kheej tau saib xyuas cov haujlwm uas tau tsim los txuas rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm Arc. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau taug kev hauv kev sib txuas ntawm Lithuanian ntu nrog Livonian ib qho. Thiab nws ua haujlwm ib sab nrog tus tsim nws tus kheej: Vasily Struve.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias, txawm hais tias txoj haujlwm tau pib ua tiav los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias, Russia nws tus kheej tsis tau txais ntau. Tsuas yog ob lub khoom tau nyob ntawm nws thaj chaw. Thiab lawv tau raug muab tso rau tsis nyob rau hauv lub mainland, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kob. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau khaws cia zoo rau peb lub sijhawm, thiab yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem cia siab rau kev mus ncig.
Tab sis Moldova tsis muaj hmoo. Ntau li 27 ntsuas cov ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa ntawm nws thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib tus tau muaj sia nyob txog tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw ntawm Moldova tsis tau tshawb pom ntau dhau, yog li nws zoo heevlub caij nyoog uas dhau sij hawm nws yuav muaj peev xwm rov qab tau lwm yam khoom ntawm lub npe nrov Arc.
Modern Monuments
Zoo hmoo, Struve Arc tau txais kev lees paub ob qho tib si ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab cov pej xeem. Nws txhais li cas? Piv txwv li, lub geodetic Struve Arc nyob rau hauv Belarus tau ntev lawm ib tug neeg mus ncig tebchaws attraction.
Nws txawm muaj ib lub monument tshwj xeeb, uas ua tib zoo engraved tias nws yog ib qho ntawm UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb no tau suav nrog hauv cov npe tsuas yog xyoo 2005. Lub monument yog crowned nrog lub pob loj, txoj kab uas hla yog ib thiab ib nrab meters. Ntawm lub pob (los yog lub ellipse), uas cim peb lub ntiaj teb, koj tuaj yeem pom cov dotted ciam teb ntawm Belarus.
Yog. Lub Struve Geodetic Arc nyob rau hauv Belarus nyob rau hauv daim duab feem ntau zoo li no: ib lub pob ntawm ib lub duab plaub pedestal. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag cov no yog ob lub duab plaub loj slabs khawb rau hauv av. Los ntawm saum toj no, lawv txuas nrog peb bayonets, tsim ib daim duab peb sab. Yuav kom ncaj ncees, tsis tshua pom muaj ntau, tab sis cov neeg ncig teb chaw tau coj mus rau qhov chaw nto moo.
Nco ntsoov mus ib txhis
Lwm qhov kev lees paub ntawm ntau npaum li cas Belarus txaus siab rau cov khoom no yog npib. Xyoo 2006, ib xyoos tom qab tau suav nrog hauv UNESCO daim ntawv teev npe, National Bank tau tshaj tawm cov nyiaj npib nco txog lub pob ntawm Duga. Cov ntawv luam nyiaj raug nqi 20 rubles (kwv yees li 8.5 euros), thiab tooj liab raug nqi 1 ruble (kwv yees li 0.4 euros). Cov npib notau ntev pom lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawm numismatists, yog li nws tsis yooj yim sua kom ntsib lawv.
Ib yam zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim hauv Lithuania. Hauv xyoo 2015, cov nyiaj npib nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau Struve Arc tau muab tso rau hauv txoj kev no. Tus nqi ntawm ib npib yog 20 euros. Nws yog tau mus yuav lawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub ceg ntawm Central Bank ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab tam sim no nws yog zoo dua mus nrhiav lawv los ntawm sau.
