thaj chaw loj ntawm Pushkin Square nyob hauv Zemlyanoy Gorod, uas nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Moscow. Nws nyob ob kilometers ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub Kremlin. Nws ciam teb yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog sab nrauv ntawm ob boulevards - Strastnoy thiab Tverskoy.
Hauv lwm lo lus, Boulevard Ring, uas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Tverskoy, suav nrog Pushkinskaya Square. Lub subway yog sawv cev ntawm peb qhov chaw nres tsheb ib zaug: Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya thiab Chekhovskaya.
Keeb kwm lub npe ntawm Pushkin Square
Txij thaum pib, lub square hu ua Strastnaya. Nws yog lub npe ntawm lub tuam tsev nyob ze. Nws tseem raug hu ua Boulevard ntawm Tver Gates, uas ib zaug ua haujlwm nkag mus rau Lub Nroog Dawb.
Lub npe tam sim no, "Pushkin Square", tau raug xa mus rau thaj chaw hauv xyoo 1937. Lawv tis npe rau nws ua kev nco txog lub 100 xyoo ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab.
Historical fact related to Tver Gates
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tam sim no Pushkinskaya Square tau nthuav, lub Tver rooj vag ua rau txoj kev ntawm lub nroog Dawb towered. Ntawm txoj kev tawm ntawm lawv, cov neeg taug kev mus rau Tver thiab St. Cov rooj vag sawv saum thaj av ntawm I. D. Miloslavsky, uas yog leej txiv ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Nyob rau ntawm lub rooj vag xyoo 1641, kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ua kev qhuas ntawm tus Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1645, Strastnoy Monastery (rau cov poj niam) tau qhib tam sim ntawd. Nyob ze, ib lub tuam tsev pob zeb ob-tsev pheeb suab ntawm Demetrius ntawm Thessalonica tau ua. Nyob rau Malaya Dmitrovka, ib qho chaw tau pom rau "Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Mus Ncig Tebchaws". Nws tau txais cov neeg sawv cev European tuaj txog Moscow los ntawm Novgorod.
Nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Embassy, ib tug thawj peb-hipped Cathedral ntawm lub Nativity ntawm tus nkauj xwb nyob rau hauv Putinki tau tsa. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv 1641, blacksmiths nyob rau hauv lub rooj vag cheeb tsam. Lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 63 forges, ib sab ntawm cov hmoov nplej thiab cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus tau tsim hauv 1670.
Tsim ib square
Tver Rooj vag muaj mus txog 1720. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv demolition, lub compact platform tau tsim, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug triumphal arch, npaj rau lub solemn nkag ntawm Peter kuv, uas xaus lub Treaty ntawm Nystadt. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau ua ntej ntawm lub coronations yavtom ntej, ib tug tshiab arched ntawm no.
Phab ntsa ntawm Lub Nroog Dawb raug rhuav tshem hauv 1770. Hauv 1784 Kuznetsov raug yuam tawm tom qab Zemlyanoy Val. Tom qab 11 xyoos, qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub khw tau ploj mus, lawv cov tswv kuj tau tsiv mus rau lwm qhov. ATNyob rau hauv 1791, lub Cathedral ntawm Demetrius ntawm Thessalonica tau rebuilt. Nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, lub tuam tsev baroque tau tsim, nto moo rau nws cov choirs.
Tsib xyoos tom qab, Tverskoy Boulevard nteg nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub dismantled phab ntsa, thawj pej xeem promenade uas Moscow tau txais. Txij tam sim no mus, Pushkinskaya Square yuav pib hloov pauv thiab dhau los ua qhov chaw nyiam rau kev taug kev.
Flourishing ntawm Pushkin Square
Nyob rau xyoo 1803, kev tsim lub tsev loj tau ua tiav ntawm no, tus tswv ntawm M. I. Rimskaya-Korsakova, npaj cov khoom zoo nkauj hauv nws. Griboedov thiab Pushkin mus xyuas Famusov lub tsev (raws li lub tsev zoo nkauj no hu ua). Tom qab kev tuag ntawm lub hostess, lub tsev twb pauv mus rau lub Stroganov School of Technical Drawing. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim socialism, nws tau pauv mus rau Communist University of the Peoples of the East.
Tom qab 52 xyoos, ib phab ntsa tau ntxiv rau Strastnoy Monastery, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov turrets thiab lub tswb pej thuam, uas tso cai rau nws los tswj hwm lwm cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv 1880 ib tug monument tau tsa nyob rau hauv Pushkin Square. Monument rau A. S. Pushkin yog tsim los ntawm sculptor A. Opekushin. Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev tsim kho tau sau los ntawm kev tso npe qhib los ntawm I. Turgenev thiab F. Dostoevsky.
Txog 1890, Strastnaya Square yog qhov chaw ua lag luam. Hauv kev sib tw me me lawv muag nqaij, hmoov nplej, taws thiab quav nyab. Nyob rau hauv 1872, ib txoj kab ntawm ib tug nees-drawn railway raug rub raws nws thaj chaw mus rau Petrovsky Park. Thaum nees nkaum xya xyoo dhau los, thawj Moscow trams yuav khiav raws nws. Thiab tom qab lwm 8 - ib tug nees-luam cab yuav hloov tsheb tavxij.
Revolutionary uprisings on Strastnoy Boulevard
Thiab tsuas yog cov xwm txheej ntawm 1905 thiab 1917 yuav cuam tshuam lub hnub qub ntawm Tverskaya Square. Nws, zoo li tag nrho lub tebchaws, yuav muaj sia nyob cov hnub nyuaj siab. Thaum xub thawj, dragoons thiab cov tub rog tau tawm tsam cov neeg ntxeev siab ntawm cov kev thaiv ntawm Strastnoy Boulevard. Cov neeg ntxeev siab raug tua. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig, lub boulevard raug coj los ntawm lub Bolsheviks. Nws yog qhov txuas ntawm Moscow City Council thiab Presnya.
Square in the era of socialism
Lub Tuam Tsev Dawb Huv yuav raug kaw xyoo 1919. Nws yuav zaum tsis ua haujlwm rau cuaj xyoos. Thiab ces lawv npaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej tiv thaiv kev cai dab qhuas nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv 1927, lub editorial chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Izvestia ntawv xov xwm yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib sab ntawm nws. Xyoo 1934, ob lub tsev nyob sib ze ntawm tus lej 16 thiab 16/2 tau tsim kho thiab txuas nrog. Lub dome ntawm cov qauv yuav tsim ib tug yam ntxwv silhouette, ua tsaug uas Pushkinskaya Square yuav tau ib tug recognizable tsos. Lub tsev tshiab yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm All-Union Theatrical Society, Lub Tsev ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam thiab lub chaw ua haujlwm kho ntawm Moscow Xov Xwm.
Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, lub tuam tsev ntawm Demetrius ntawm Thexalaunika yuav raug rhuav tshem. Tsib xyoos tom qab, ib tug qauv nrog ib tug turret topped nrog ib tug duab puab ntawm ib tug ntxhais nrog ib tug qauv ntawm lub yacht yuav ua nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Vim yog cov duab puab, lub tsev tau lub npe menyuam yaus "Lub Tsev Hauv Qab Daim tiab". Lub Tuam Tsev Dawb Huv tau sawv mus txog xyoo 1938.
Ib xyoo caum tom qab, Stalin tau hais kom lub monument rau Pushkin tsiv mus rau qhov chaw uas lub tsev teev ntuj sawv. Thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, ib qho square zoo nkauj tau tsim rau ntawm txoj kev loj. Nyob rau hauv 1961, Rossiya ua yeeb yam tau tsim nyob rau hauv dawb ib feem ntawm lub monastery thaj chaw. Pushkin Square yeej tsis hloov pauv, poob qee yam kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwmkhoom.
Yog li, xyoo 1975, nws tau txiav txim siab rhuav tshem Famusov Tsev. Kev tawm tsam pej xeem tuaj tsis muaj dab tsi. Lub tsev keeb kwm raug rhuav tshem, thiab tsis ntev lub tsev tshiab tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, qhov chaw ua haujlwm kho ntawm Izvestia cov ntawv xov xwm tau teeb tsa.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm Stalin, thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej hauv tebchaws, kev ua koob tsheej tau teem rau ntawm txoj kev. Tsib Hlis Ntuj thiab Lub Kaum Hli ua qauv qhia tau muaj nyob rau ntawm lub square, pop artists thiab ib pab tub rog ua yeeb yam. Bazaars muag me nyuam cov khoom, khoom qab zib, tsoos Lavxias teb sab zaub mov thiab cov khoom tsis txaus.
Boulevard nyob rau lub sijhawm stagnation thiab perestroika
Txij li thaum stagnation, Strastnoy Boulevard tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau kev txiav txim siab thiab kev tawm tsam thiab kev tawm tsam. Cov neeg tawm tsam ib txwm tuav lawv ko taw taug kev ntawm no. Thawj qhov "glasnost rally", uas tau tshwm sim rau 05.15.65, ntawm Hnub Caiv, tau hloov mus ua kev tawm tsam txhua xyoo, uas suav nrog Andrei Sakharov.
Lub sijhawm ntawm perestroika, Pushkin Square hloov mus rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem lub neej. Nyob ze ntawm lub chaw kho mob ntawm Moskovskiye Novosti cov ntawv xov xwm, cov xov xwm tshiab tau dai rau ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa. Ntawm qhov chaw no, cov pej xeem niaj hnub muaj neeg coob coob, npaj kev sib tham txog kev hloov nom tswv hauv lub tebchaws. Xyoo 1988, kev tawm tsam los ntawm Democratic Union tsis tau tso cai los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau tawg mus rau ntawm txoj kev. Qhov tseem ceeb "kev tawm tsam tsis sib haum xeeb" yuav muaj nyob ntawm no, nkag mus rau ntawm nplooj ntawv keeb kwm hauv tebchaws xyoo 2007.
Qhia rau 01/31/90 ntawm thawjMcDonald's nyob rau hauv Russia yog, tej zaum, feem ntau lub sij hawm-ua kev tshwm sim ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Soviet Union, uas surprise cov pej xeem ntawm Pushkin Square. Ib daim duab ntawm lub tsev noj mov uas ua rau txaws tau pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev luam tawm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov neeg uas xav saj cov zaub mov txawv teb chaws sawv ntsug ntev hauv qhov txias.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws
Qhov no ntawm Boulevard Nplhaib, txawm hais tias nws tau poob nws qhov zoo li qub nrog cov tuam tsev qub thiab cov tsev teev ntuj, yeej ib txwm muaj sia nyob. Muscovites thiab cov qhua los ntawm lub peev teem caij ntsib no. Vacationers tau kos rau lub monument rau A. S. Pushkin, mus rau lub rooj ntev zaum ze ntawm qhov chaw zoo nkauj. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws nyiam so hauv cov khw noj mov thiab tuav ua los ntawm iav, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab txawv txawv hauv cov hlau. Tau ntev, cov qhua ntawm lub peev yuav nco ntsoov taug kev taug kev raws lub luxurious square.
