Armory: cov neeg tuaj saib xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Ntau txhiab thiab txhiab tus neeg tuaj xyuas tuaj xyuas Moscow Kremlin txhua hnub, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab los tshuaj xyuas ob qho tib si hauv phau ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab hauv Is Taws Nem. Lub Armory Chamber ntawm Moscow Kremlin nyiam tshwj xeeb mloog, vim nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub ntiaj teb-nto moo tsev cia puav pheej, tab sis kuj yog ib tug architectural amazing tsev. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom riam phom thiab khaub ncaws hnav los ntawm peb cov huab tais, ntau yam khoom ua los ntawm cov nyiaj thiab kub los ntawm Eastern, European thiab Lavxias tus tswv.

History

Txawm tias thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, thawj qhov hais txog Armory tau raug tso tseg hauv cov ntawv sau tseg. Xyoo 1547 muaj hluav taws kub heev uas rhuav tshem cov khoom muaj nqis tsawg. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Ivan III, cov khoom muaj nqis no tau hu ua "Tsev Nyiaj Txiag Loj" thiab nyob hauv ib chav pob zeb loj - Lub Tsev Nyiaj Txiag, sawv ntawm Cathedral ntawm Annunciation thiab Archangel.

Peter the Great tau hais kom tsim ib lub rooj cob qhia uas cov khoom muaj nqis tau khaws cia hauv qhov kev txiav txim kom raug. Nws nyob ntawd lawv tau pauv mustxhua yam uas xav paub thiab muaj nqis tshaj plaws. Xyoo 1737, lwm qhov hluav taws kub tau tshwm sim, thaum lub sij hawm uas muaj ntau yam khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb raug rhuav tshem, suav nrog kev ntes riam phom los ntawm Tsov Rog ntawm Poltava. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev txhab nyiaj muaj koob muaj npe hauv Armory tau muaj sia nyob. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib lub sijhawm qhia tias tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis tau raug xa mus rau Terem Palace, thiab Lub Tsev Txhab Nyiaj Txiag raug rhuav tshem.

Lub tsev peb paub

Xyoo 1810, Alexander Thawj Tswj Hwm tau tsim lub tsev cais - tsis muaj cua sov, kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws kub yav tom ntej. Ob xyoos tom qab, tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis yuav tsum tau khiav tawm, txij li thaum cov yeeb ncuab tuaj txog Moscow, thiab Armory ntawm Moscow Kremlin tuaj yeem mus rau Napoleonic cov tub rog. Tiamsis lawv tsis tau txais kev xyiv fab li ntawd. Txhua yam khoom tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tau mob siab rau saib xyuas hauv Nizhny Novgorod.

Lub tsev tiag tiag, paub txog peb cov neeg niaj hnub, tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab Konstantin Ton hauv xyoo 1851, thiab nws yog nyob rau ntawd lub Armory Chamber ntawm Moscow Kremlin tam sim no. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev mus xyuas nws tuaj yeem nyeem txhua qhov chaw: qhov no yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej nto moo tshaj plaws thiab nthuav tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.

Txawm thaum xub thawj, muaj ntau tshaj li riam phom khaws cia rau ntawd. Thiab lub npe tau tsim vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm mas gunsmiths ua hauj lwm muaj. Cov no yog cov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm goldsmiths thiab silversmiths. Ntau tom qab ntawd, lub rooj cob qhia duab kos duab tau qhib, qhov twg cov neeg muaj koob npe xws li Bezmin, Zubov, Ushakov kuj ua haujlwm.

Kwv txhiaj muaj nuj nqis

Ntau xyoo dhau los, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Kremlin Armoryyog qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau tham txog qhov tshiab ntxiv rau lub tsev cia puav pheej nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, cov khoom plig ua tub rog, khoom plig kim. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov khoom muaj nqis los ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj kaw thaum lub sij hawm USSR tau khaws cia. Tom qab mus xyuas lub armory nrog ncig xyuas hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, cov neeg zoo tib yam tau sau txog lawv qhov kev xav ntawm kev saib cov khoom pov thawj. Cov no yog cov khaub ncaws ntawm vajntxwv thiab cov neeg sawv cev siab tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, cov khoom ua los ntawm cov nyiaj thiab kub, uas khaws cov txuj ci thiab kev txawj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm.

Txhua tus qhuas, piv txwv li, Monomakh lub kaus mom, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog sables thiab pob zeb loj loj. Nws yog nrog nws, thiab tsis nrog ib tug crown, uas princes nyob rau hauv Russia tau crowned rau lub nceeg vaj ua ntej lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm Peter lub Great. Ntau yam amazing tuaj yeem pom hauv Moscow hauv Armory.

Nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, cov neeg tuaj xyuas sau txog lub zwm txwv ob lub npe nrov, qhov chaw uas cov kwv tij hluas Peter lub Great thiab Ivan thib tsib tau crowned. Lub zwm txwv txawm suav nrog ib chav me me nrog lub qhov rooj sib cais, los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov lus qhia uas lawv yuav tsum hais tau mus txog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas kav. Muaj lus dab neeg li no. Ntawm qhov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb yog lub zwm txwv ntawm Ivan the Terrible: ntau cov duab tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim phiaj tooj liab.

riam phom

Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, kev ncig xyuas ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam yog qhov nthuav heev, vim tias cov khoom sau muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab txhua yam zoo heev. Tshwj xeeb mloog yog them rau expositions sawv cev tshwj xeeb phom, txias steel thiab tiv thaiv Lavxias teb sab riam phom. Thiab tsis yog cov txiv neej laus nkaus xwb txaus siab rau qhov no, tab sis kuj tseem hluas, thiab cov poj niam. Koj tuaj yeem mus xyuas Cossack armory. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas, muajCov khoom pov thawj lom zem, cov khoom qub qub qub qub, cov lus dav dav, cov checkers, riam thiab lwm yam khoom uas tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam txawm tias cov tub ntxhais hluas, nrog rau cov khoom ntawm cov tswv niaj hnub no.

Kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj cov piv txwv tsis tshua muaj ntawm riam phom ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ob, uas xyaum tsis muaj qhov sib piv hauv ib qho ntawm lwm cov khoom sau. Cov neeg tuaj ncig hauv lawv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev mus xyuas Armory feem ntau qhuas txog riam phom ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua thib peb, kaum plaub thiab kaum tsib, yuav luag tsis pom qhov twg ntxiv.

Tab sis xyoo kaum rau thiab kaum xya yog sawv cev ntawm no los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog ob qho tib si zoo kawg li kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov qauv nthuav tawm, thiab kev kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Nws yog qhov riam phom no uas sovereigns hnav ua ib feem ntawm lub npe hu ua "Big Outfit" thaum lawv koom nrog kev ua koob tsheej tshaj plaws. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib rau Armory feem ntau hais txog qhov tseeb no.

kaum yim xyoo riam phom

Yuav luag tag nrho cov riam phom Lavxias teb sab ntawm lub xyoo pua thib kaum yim thiab thaum ntxov thib kaum cuaj xyoo pua tau khaws cia hauv Armory - ob qho tib si kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua - tau ua nyob rau ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Zlatoust, Olonets, Sestroretsk, Tula. Kev yos hav zoov riam phom ntawm Lavxias teb sab sovereign yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nplua nuj dai kom zoo nkauj. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau lawv cov ceremonial kho kom zoo nkauj. Ob qho kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev yos hav zoov tau tsim thiab dai kom zoo nkauj hauv St. Petersburg, ntawm Rifle Yard. Ntawm no, thaum kawg ntawm qhov nthuav tawm, yog qhov nthuav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm lub xyoo pua yim thiab kaum cuaj.

Nyobib tug nplua nuj sau nyob rau hauv lub Armory ntawm cov khoom rau arming thiab tiv thaiv cov knights ntawm Western Europe, raws li zoo raws li kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm knightly nees. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm tus tub rog ntawm tus nees, hnav ris tsho, saib cov tub rog: tus tub rog saib dhau ntawm qhov nqaim rau lub qhov muag, thiab tus nees tsuas muaj qhov muag thiab ob txhais ceg qhib. Nws tsis yog yooj yim heev los khiav los ntawm txhua qhov kev nthuav tawm txawm tias muaj kev pom zoo: ntau tshaj li plaub txhiab ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, sab hnub tuaj, nrog rau cov khoom hauv tsev. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus nqi, txij li cov khoom muaj nqis no yog qhov nco txog peb lub tebchaws.

Halls one to five

Thawj ob lub tsev sawv cev rau cov khoom siv nyiaj thiab kub, thawj xyoo kaum ob txog rau xyoo pua puas xyoo, thiab lub thib ob mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tag nrho kev nthuav qhia yog zoo heev: ob qho tib si cov hniav thiab siv kos duab ntawm Byzantium thaum ub, thiab craftsmanship ntawm pre-Mongolian Russia, thiab kos duab ntawm Kyiv, Suzdal, Chernigov, Novgorod, Ryazan, thiab ntau lub nroog uas vam meej twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. lub sij hawm thaum Moscow tsis yuav tsum tau.

Nyob rau hauv peb thiab plaub chav tsev - riam phom rau parades, Eastern thiab European los ntawm lub kaum tsib mus rau lub XIX caug xyoo - nyob rau hauv lub thib peb, thiab Lavxias teb sab riam phom ntawm txhua lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub thib plaub. Hauv chav thib tsib koj tuaj yeem qhuas cov khoom siv nyiaj hauv Tebchaws Europe sab hnub poob los ntawm lub xyoo kaum peb txog rau xyoo pua puas xyoo.

Halls rau cuaj

chav thib rau yog qhov nthuav dua rau cov poj niam - cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj thaum ub yuav zoo siab rau lawv: Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau zoo li no hauv xyoo pua kaum plaub? Txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub kaum yim nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam: kev ua hauj lwm yog kiag li phau ntawv thiab complex heev! Secularkhaub ncaws los ntawm lub kaum rau rau xyoo pua nees nkaum yog lwm qhov laj thawj rau kev ncua ntev ntawm cov poj niam hauv lub tsev no.

Lub tsev xya muaj txhua yam uas xav tau rau kev ua koob tsheej, nrog rau lub xeev regalia. Nyob rau hauv yim, nws yuav nthuav rau cov txiv neej: ntawm no yog yim-pua pua-xyoo-laus cov khoom npaj rau nees attire. Zoo nkauj heev. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub cuaj chav - ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo siab: carriages ntawm txawv centuries yog nthuav tawm ntawm no, nyob rau hauv uas lub nobility thiab imperial tsev neeg mus rau pob.

rau cov qhua

Nyob ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej, txhua tus neeg tuaj saib tau muab cov lus qhia pub dawb, uas tso cai rau koj kom paub txog cov phiaj xwm ntawm lub tsev thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tiav txog cov khoom pov thawj nyob ntawm no. Lub tsuas drawback: lub suab lus qhuab qhia yog tsim rau ib teev thiab ib nrab, thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom soj ntsuam txhua qhov kev nthuav qhia kom zoo, tsis muaj sij hawm txaus. Cov chav zaum kawg yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas yuav luag ntawm kev khiav.

Koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib Armory nrog daim pib yuav online. Ntawm lub thawv ntawv, kev muag khoom pib tsis pub dhau 45 feeb ua ntej pib qhov kev sib tham, thiab tsuas muaj plaub zaug: thaum 10.00, tom qab ntawd thaum 12.00 thiab ob tav su - thaum 14.30 thiab 16.30. Ntau tus neeg xav mus xyuas Armory, thiab yog li ntawd tus lej ntawm daim pib yuav luag ib txwm txwv.

Thaum teem sijhawm mus ntsib

Lub sijhawm yooj yim tshaj plaws yog hnub ua haujlwm thiab yav tav su, muaj tsawg dua. Nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom nkag mus rau hauv Armory rau hnub Saturday, vim tias ib txwm muaj kev nthuav dav heev ntawm Cathedral Square thaum tav su, thiab tib neeg.xav pom no ceremony. Tseeb, txhua leej txhua tus xav pom tus nees thiab ko taw guards ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Regiment, queues siv ob peb teev. Hnub so thiab hnub so, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv Kremlin, muaj ntau tus neeg nyob hauv kab, yog li txhua qhov kev sib tham hauv Armory yuav nyuaj rau nkag mus.

daim pib neeg laus ntawm lub thawv ntawv raug nqi 700 rubles, txo - 200. Kuj tseem muaj daim pib tsev neeg, kuj yog 200 rubles. Cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig yog cov nyiaj laus, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Daim pib tsev neeg tuaj yeem yuav los ntawm cov niam txiv ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua kaum rau xyoo (tsis pub ntau tshaj ob tus menyuam), txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg xav tau daim pib rau ob puas rubles. Cov neeg xiam oob qhab ntawm pawg thawj thiab thib ob, cov tsev neeg muaj ntau tus menyuam yaus, tub rog, tub rog tub rog, tub rog, menyuam ntsuag, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej, cov txiv plig, cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool tsis pub dawb.

Ua ntej saib qhov kev nthuav qhia

Cov neeg tuaj saib qhuas qhuas rau lub tsev tsim vaj tsev nyob hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Armory. Chaw nyob - Moscow Kremlin, Palace Square. Ntawm no, ntawm Borovitsky Hill, muaj ib lub tsev tsev pheeb suab, thiab tom qab ntawd ib lub tsev tau tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw no (ua tiav kev ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 1851), tshwj xeeb ua tsev cia puav pheej.

Ob qho tib si architecture nws tus kheej thiab qhov ntsuas tau ze heev rau Kremlin Palace: ntawm ob lub plag tsev nrog rau hauv qab daus ntawm qhov siab sib txawv, nrog ob qhov siab qhov rais thiab cov hniav zoo nkauj ntawm lub façade. Lub ntsiab kho kom zoo nkauj yog dawb marble kab nrog nplua nuj floral ornaments.

Thiab sab hauv, cov neeg tuaj saib tsis tau tig lawv lub qhov muag tam sim ntawd rau cov khoom pov thawj, txij li Gothic interiors xav tau kev saib xyuas tsawg kawg ib ntus:vaulted ceilings, siab, kab nrog lancet xaj, openwork lattices nrog eagles. Tag nrho cov no yog sib cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab yog li ntawd ua rau txhua yam me me txawm tias nthuav ntxiv.

Byzantine artifacts

Ancient Russia thiab Byzantium tau txuas nrog txoj kev muaj zog tshaj plaws los ntawm kev ntseeg thiab kev kos duab. Lub Armory muaj ib qho me me ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm tus nqi txawv tshaj plaw - Byzantine kos duab los ntawm lub thib tsib mus rau kaum tsib caug xyoo. Txog xyoo 400, piv txwv li, ib lub jug nyiaj yog hnub tim, uas tag nrho cuaj muses tau piav qhia.

Ancient Greek kos duab tau tso nws cov kev ua yeeb yam hauv Byzantium tau ntev. Qhov no tseem tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lwm cov khoom pov thawj - cov khoom qub thaum ub hauv kev piav qhia ntawm tib neeg cov duab, lub hwj chim thiab kev ua siab zoo ntawm txhua daim duab, txawm tias lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo. Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tswv ntawm Byzantium yog cloisonné enamels, cov txheej txheem nyuaj tshaj plaws uas lawv tsis muaj qhov sib npaug.

Muaj ntau yam ntawm cov koob no hauv Armory: "Crucifixion" (ninth century), "Descent into Hell" (12th century), pectoral icons - exceptionally high workmanship. Tsis muaj qhov zoo nkauj tsawg dua yog Byzantine cameos ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj nuj nqis (jasper, lapis lazuli), piav qhia txog tus Cawm Seej uas muaj Hwjchim Loj Kawg Nkaus thiab cov yawg suab Lavxias (ntau daim duab sau ua ke).

Russian art

Masterpieces ntawm nyiaj thiab kub craftsmen ntawm Moscow thiab Veliky Novgorod ntawm lub kaum tsib thiab kaum rau centuries yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub Armory. Ntawm no tsuas yog ib tug kws tshaj lij yuav muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawvlub xeev art from the capital.

Tab sis muaj cov khoom pov thawj ntau dhau los, uas tau tsim los ntawm cov tswv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua plaub thiab tsib, lawv tsis tshua muaj kev txaus siab rau keeb kwm buffs, txawm hais tias lawv txawv heev hauv cov txheej txheem tua. Tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab los ntawm Serbia, Georgia thiab ntau lwm lub teb chaws raug nthuav tawm, nrog rau cov khoom tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, lub thaj neeb txiv plig ntawm Grand Dukes ntawm Moscow ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ob yog ib tug stavrotek rau ib tug icon, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib daim ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig los ntawm Golgotha.

Qab lus

Nws tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm Armory hauv cov lus, txawm tias niaj hnub no feem ntau txhais tau tias kev yees duab tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog qhov no. Koj yuav tsis tau txais daim duab tag nrho ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia txog thaum koj muaj sijhawm pom txhua yam ntawm koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag.

Cov no yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua siab tshaj plaws, muaj cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws uas tsis tuaj yeem pom. Lub Armory tsis yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev ua yeeb yam nkaus xwb, nws yog ib qho khoom plig tiag tiag ntawm cov relics thiab rarities, lub cim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev, kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, keeb kwm ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv.