Bakhchisarai Palace: keeb kwm, qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm lub palace complex

Cov txheej txheem:

Bakhchisarai Palace: keeb kwm, qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm lub palace complex
Bakhchisarai Palace: keeb kwm, qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm lub palace complex
Anonim

Lub Palace ntawm Bakhchisaray tseem hu ua Khan's, vim yav dhau los tsoomfwv cov thawj coj tau ntsib ntawm no. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw no yog ib qho kev cai monument thiab keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis tseem ceeb rau tag nrho ntiaj teb cov cuab yeej cuab tam.

About the complex

Bakhchisarai Palace nyob ntawm River Street, tsev 129, Bakhchisarai. Ib zaug ntawm no, koj yuav pom ntau yam tshiab, zoo siab thiab zoo nkauj. Lub Bakhchisaray Palace tsuas yog qhov chaw uas ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub vaj tsev uas muaj nyob hauv Crimean Tatars.

bakhchisaray palace
bakhchisaray palace

Cov khoom no suav nrog hauv cov kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm khaws cia. Ib zaug ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem paub txog keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv cov av no. Ib qho chaw nthuav yog lub tsev cia puav pheej, qhov twg txhua tus neeg tuaj saib muaj lub sijhawm los kawm ntau yam tseem ceeb txog kev kos duab hauv cheeb tsam. Yog li Bakhchisarai Palace muab nws cov neeg tuaj saib kom paub txog riam phom thiab riam phom edged nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim rau lub hom phiaj no. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub complex yog 4.3 hectares, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lub sij hawm nws muaj peev xwm suav tau ntau li 18 hectares.

Lub tsev thiab lawv lub hom phiaj

Bakhchisarai Palace tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas yog tias koj mussab laug ntug dej Churuk-Sib. Kuj tseem muaj cov rooj vag nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, lub tsev nthuav dav Svitsky, square, lub tsev uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm khan lub tsev. Raws li ib txwm muaj rau cov kev cai hauv zos, Bakhchisarai Palace suav nrog harem.

Muaj chav rau hauv tsev, xws li ruaj khov thiab chav ua noj. Koj tuaj yeem pom lub tsev qiv ntawv zoo nkauj, nyob rau hauv uas tag nrho lub tsev tau muab tso rau, ib tug falcon pej thuam, mosque, ib lub vaj, ib lub toj ntxas, lub ntxa, ib tug rotunda, lub tsev da dej, ib tug embankment thiab peb choj ua rau nws, lub tiaj ua si thiab ntau yam. More.

Nws tuaj yeem xaus tias muaj txhua yam uas tus neeg xav tau. Yog li tsis tsuas yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Bakhchisarai Palace, tab sis kuj txhua lub pob zeb ntawm cov tsev hauv zos tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam. Raws li kev tsim vaj tsev, nws tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov kab lis kev cai uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Ottoman Empire thaum lub sijhawm 17th thiab 18th centuries. Saib ntawm qhov chaw no, nws yooj yim to taub yuav ua li cas Muslims xav txog ib daim ntawm lub vaj kaj siab embodied nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Keeb kwm ntawm Bakhchisaray Palace yog sib txuas nrog lub tswv yim ntawm lub vaj zoo nkauj. Ntau lub tshav puam nyob ntawm no, qhov chaw zoo nkauj ntoo, paj txaj, thiab cov ciav dej tawg. Saib ntawm lub tsev, koj hnov lub teeb tshwj xeeb, thaum saib cov qauv zoo nkauj. Cov qhov rais yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog openwork tuav.

bakhchisarai palace
bakhchisarai palace

Ib qho kev nthuav dav tshwj xeeb yog "Funtain of Tears" ntawm Bakhchisaray Palace, uas tau tsim xyoo 1764. Nyob ze yog lub durbe ntawm Dilyary-bike. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus tau qhuav. Thaum Catherine II ntsia ntawm no, raws li nws txoj cai, lub tsev notau tsiv mus nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub Tuam Tsev Teev Ntuj, qhov chaw nyob.

Bakhchisaray Palace yog qhov chaw nthuav dav heev, muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus xav paub, tab sis vim li cas cov ntsiab lus no nyiam tshwj xeeb? Muaj lus dab neeg raws li Dilyara yog tus hlub tus poj niam ntawm Kyrym Giray. Nws cov yeeb ncuab raug tshuaj lom, uas tua cov kev zoo nkauj. Zaj nkauj no yog ib zaj qhia txog Khan txoj kev tu siab.

Pushkin mob siab rau nws zaj paj huam rau tus ciav ntawm Bakhchisarai Palace, piav qhia hauv kab tag nrho cov kev mob tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog qhov xwm txheej tu siab. Nws tau ua tsaug rau txoj haujlwm no uas tib neeg tau pib nyiam cov khoom no. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws zoo li lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv lub Vaj Kaj Siab, uas yuav kawm tau los ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm Muslims. Muaj rau cov neeg ncaj ncees uas muab lawv lub neej tso rau saum lub thaj los ntawm txoj kev ntseeg lub npe.

Txog tus ciav ntawm Bakhchisaray Palace, koj tuaj yeem pom lub paj marble. Dej, zoo li kua muag, ntws los ntawm nws mus rau hauv lub tais. Tom qab ntawd cov kua kis mus rau hauv ob lub ntim me me thiab rov qab mus rau hauv ib qho loj dua, rov ua qhov no ntau zaus. Qhov no yog lub cim ntawm kev sau tus ntsuj plig nrog kev tu siab. Qhov tseeb hais tias lub tais ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv yog siv ntawm no txhais tau hais tias qhov mob yuav txo qis lossis hnyav dua. Ntawm ko taw muaj kauv - lub cim ntawm kev nyob mus ib txhis.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Bakhchisarai Palace
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Bakhchisarai Palace

Creation

Bakhchisaray Khan lub Palace pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum nws tau txiav txim siab tsiv chaw nyob ntawm lub xeev cov thawj coj ntawm no. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Khanate tau kav los ntawm Sahib I Giray. Yog li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsis tsuas yog lub tsev zoo nkauj no, tab sis kuj lub nroog nws tus kheej pib.

Qhov qub tshaj ntawm no yog Khan lub Mosque thiab da dej, tsim nyob rau hauv 1532. Lub portal hu ua Demir-Kapy hnub rov qab mus rau 1503. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev no tau sib sau ua ke rau lwm qhov thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau ntawm no. Yog lawm, qhov loj-scale complex tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib xyoo caum, yog li txhua tus tshiab khan, uas coj lub reins ntawm tsoom fwv rau hauv nws txhais tes, ua tiav ib yam dab tsi ntawm nws tus kheej.

Lost Legacy

Xyoo 1736, kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm Russia thiab Crimean Khanate tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Lub sijhawm ntawd, K. Munich tau kov yeej thaj chaw no. Ntawm nws cov lus txib, lawv xav hlawv lub palace thiab lub peev. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej lub tsev yuav tsum tau piav qhia. Ces lawv muab hluav taws rau nws. Feem ntau ntawm lub tsev poob ua ntej mus txog peb lub sijhawm.

Vim hluav taws kub, ntau yam yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Thaum Crimea tau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, lub palace tau saib xyuas los ntawm ib lub chaw haujlwm uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm sab hauv. Nws tau rov ua dua thiab hloov qhov tsos. Vim li no, niaj hnub style uas nyob ntawm no ua ntej tau ploj, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tag nrho cov ntxim nyiam. Bakhchisaray Palace tseem yog qhov nthuav thiab zoo kawg li. Cov duab tuaj yeem ua pov thawj nws cov duab zoo nkauj. Thaum cov qhua tuaj ntawm no, lawv tau npaj txhij txhua rau lawv tuaj txog. Kev kho tshiab loj tau ua nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, los ntawm kev hloov pauv sab hauv.

dej ntws ntawm kua muag nyob rau hauv bakhchisaray palace
dej ntws ntawm kua muag nyob rau hauv bakhchisaray palace

Npaj rau tuaj txog ntawm Empress

Muaj lub npe hu ua Catherine's mais, uas tau tsim los nrog kev mus ntsib Empress xyoo 1787. Nws yog thaum ntawd qhov kev hloov ntawm "Funtain of Tears" tau ua tiav. Ib tug ntawm cov chav tau hloov dua siab tshiab nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas nws tau los ua ib tug txais tos chav, thiablwm tus tau txais kev ua haujlwm ntawm chav pw. Ntawm no cov qhov rais raug tho thiab lub qab nthab yog gilded, ib tug siv lead ua chandelier tau dai, uas yog ua los ntawm craftsmen los ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Lawv kuj ua ib lub alcove. Peb tau teeb tsa cov rooj tog khoom kim heev uas tau tuaj los yog yuav los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm hauv zos.

Thaum koj nkag mus rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej, koj yuav pom lub rooj uas sawv hauv cov chav no, nrog rau lub txaj thiab lwm yam khoom sab hauv. Yuav kom coj lub palace mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv tsim nyog ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub ntsej muag imperial, 110 tus neeg yuav tsum tau koom tes. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tus neeg siab tshaj tau siv 3 hnub ntawm no.

bakhchisarai palace nyob
bakhchisarai palace nyob

Lwm tus nom tswv uas tau nyob ntawm no

Catherine tsis yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov tub ceev xwm uas tuaj ntawm no. Xyoo 1818, Alexander kuv tau mus xyuas, rau qhov lawv tuaj txog lawv kuj tau npaj txhij txhua. Cov tsev uas ploj lawm ntawm lub harem tau raug rhuav tshem. Lawv tawm ib lub tsev uas muaj peb chav.

Hauv xyoo 1822, lub palace tau raug kho dua tshiab raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kos duab I. Kolodin. Cov duab zoo nkauj tau ua rau ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv. Muaj cov qauv, zoo nkauj bouquets, nrog rau garlands ntawm paj. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov zoo li qub uas lub complex tau ua ntej raug kev txom nyem me ntsis, tab sis nws tsis ua phem los ntawm qhov no. Lub caij ntuj no Palace, lub complex ntawm da dej, raws li zoo raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm lub tsev uas ploj lawm los ntawm lub tsev daim ntawv qhia. Alexander II tau mus xyuas hauv 1837 ua ke nrog V. Zhukovsky. Thaum Tsov Rog Crimean, uas tau tshwm sim hauv 1954-1855, tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias, cov neeg raug mob raug kho ntawm no hauv tsev kho mob.

1908 cim qhov qhib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Xyoo 1912, Nicholas II thiab tus huab tais tsev neeg tuaj ntawm no. Thaum twgkiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1917, ib qho kev nthuav qhia rau kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub Crimean Tatars tau qhib ntawm no. Txij li thaum 1955, lub tsev khaws puav pheej archaeological ntawm Bakhchisarai tau ua haujlwm. Xyoo 1979, lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem txuas ntxiv mus rau architecture.

bakhchisarai palace yees duab
bakhchisarai palace yees duab

Restoring keeb kwm

Nyob rau xyoo 1930, cov duab puab sab nrauv tau ntxuav dawb ua ib feem ntawm kev kho dua tshiab raws li kev coj ntawm P. Hollandsky. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm 1961 txog 1964, cov qauv no tau rov qab los, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm architectural faus los ntawm lub sijhawm. Ukrainian kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Gosstroy ntawm Ukrainian SSR ua haujlwm ntawm no.

Yog li, tsawg kawg yog ua tau kom coj lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev los ze zog rau tus qauv qub. Xim raug tshem tawm ntawm lub portal hu ua Demir-Kapy, tom qab paintings ntawm Khan Mosque thiab ntau ntxiv. Qhov tseeb, cov tswv tseem tab tom ua haujlwm kom tau mus rau hauv qab ntawm qhov tseeb keeb kwm. Xyoo 2015, lub palace tau ua los ntawm tsoomfwv cov cuab yeej cuab tam.

Txoj kev loj mus rau thaj chaw

Muaj plaub qhov nkag mus rau hauv lub palace, ob qho uas tau khaws cia. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub rooj vag mus rau sab qaum teb. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau lawv yog tias koj hla tus choj hla tus dej Churuk-Su. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm ntoo nrog ntxiv ntawm wrought hlau upholstery. Ib tug arch tau ua ib ncig. Ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab kos ntawm nab thiab cov kab sib txuas.

Muaj lus dab neeg raws li Sahib I Giray ntsib ob tug tsiaj reptiles ntawm no, lawv tawm tsam ntawm ntug dej. Ib tug ntawm lawv nkag mus rau hauv dej, uas pab nws kho. Yog li nws tau txiav txim siab tias qhov chaw no muaj cov khoom txawv txawv, thiab qhov no yog qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau tsim tsa lub palace. Tam sim no lub ntsiab nkag yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no. Nws tseem yog hu ua lub rooj vag ntawm mint, vim hais tias ib zaug ib zaug nws yeej ua haujlwm ntawm no. Nyob rau sab laug thiab sab xis koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsev uas yog Retinue Corps.

bakhchisarai khan lub palace
bakhchisarai khan lub palace

Kev tiv thaiv

Saum lub rooj vag muaj ib tug pej thuam uas tau ua tus neeg zov. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov yeeb yuj paintings nrog picturesque ornaments. Lub qhov rais yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim iav. Qhov nkag nws tus kheej thiab cov phab ntsa ib puag ncig tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1611. Ua ntej no, lub palace tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov qauv uas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv.

Txij thaum pib nws tsis tau suav tias yog lub fortification point, yog li tus naj npawb ntawm fortifications raug txo kom tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kev tawm tsam ntawm Cossacks los ntawm Don tau ntau zaus, nws tsim nyog los tsim cov phab ntsa. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv kev tsim kho tau tswj los ntawm Suleiman Pasha. Khan lub retinue thiab guards nyob rau hauv lub tsev Svitsky. Tom qab kev koom ua ke ntawm Crimea rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, cov qhua ntawm lub palace kuj nyob ntawm no. Tam sim no cov thawj coj uas tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab qhov nthuav tawm zaum ntawm no.

Main Square

Khan lub tsev nyob tuaj yeem hu ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais ntawm no los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub palace. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem taug kev ntawm lub pob zeb zoo nkauj uas qhov chaw no tau pav, qhuas cov ntoo ntau heev.

Thaum Crimean Khanate nyob ntawm no, cov ntsiab lus no tsis tau pom, tsuas muaj cov xuab zeb. Nws yog lub ntsiab lus rally. Ntawm no cov thawj coj tau faib cov lus rau lawv cov tub rog ua ntej kev sib tw. Lawv kuj tuav txhua yam kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev ua koob tsheej, ntsib ambassadors thiabcov qhua zoo.

Pushkin mus rau tus ciav ntawm Bakhchisarai Palace
Pushkin mus rau tus ciav ntawm Bakhchisarai Palace

Tseeb sib tham nrog Vajtswv

Ib qho tseem ceeb tseem ceeb yog Khan lub Mosque, uas yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho Crimea. Nws yog lub tsev no uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub palace nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1532. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nws tau muab lub npe hu ua Sahib I Giray, raws li nws qhov project nws tau tsim.

Nov yog lub tsev loj nrog lub lancet arcade hauv qab no, nrog rau kev nthuav dav hauv cov phab ntsa. Lub ru tsev muaj plaub txoj kab nqes. Nws yog them nrog cov vuas liab. Yav tas los, muaj domes. Yog tias koj nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev sab hauv, koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab ntauwd.

Nyob rau sab qab teb muaj cov qhov rais zoo nkauj nrog ntau xim iav. Kuj tseem muaj lub sam thiaj dav nrog lub khan lub thawv, npog nrog cov iav qhov rais thiab cov vuas. Koj tuaj yeem tau mus rau sab saum toj los ntawm kev nce ib qho ntawm cov staircases los yog nkag los ntawm lub tshav puam. Los ntawm sab ntug dej Churuk-Su lub façade yav dhau los tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog marble.

Ritual ablutions siv los tuav nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub mosque. Cov phab ntsa yog them nrog inscriptions nyob rau hauv Arabic. Lawv cov ntawv sau hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 18th. Cov no yog cov quotes coj los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Quran. Hais txog ntawm no yog Kyrym Gerai, uas tau koom nrog kho qhov chaw no.

Ob lub minarets uas muaj kaum sab tau tsim, lub ru tsev muaj ntse saum thiab topped nrog tooj dag crescents.

Muaj ntau qhov chaw ntxim nyiam ntawm no. Qhov tseeb, txhua qhov nthuav dav ntawm Bakhchisaray Palace yog qhov zoo nkauj, muaj peev xwm muab nws cov neeg tuaj saib zoo nkauj txaus siab thiab kev paub keeb kwm tshwj xeeb.

Pom zoo: