Vologda Kremlin: Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve (duab)

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Vologda muaj keeb kwm thiab architectural pawg, uas tau tsim los ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Ivan IV ua lub fortress (1567) thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv hauv 16th-17th centuries. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nws cov phab ntsa thiab cov pej thuam raug rhuav tshem. Niaj hnub no lub Vologda Kremlin yog lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve. Peb yuav qhia koj txog qhov monument ntawm keeb kwm thiab architecture.

Vologda Kremlin - keeb kwm

Kev tsim kho ntawm Kremlin pib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1566, nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm cov Thwj Tim Sosipater thiab Jason. Humphrey Locke, tus kws tshaj lij tuaj xyuas hauv tebchaws Askiv, tau saib xyuas txoj haujlwm.

Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tau npaj siv Vologda Kremlin ua nws qhov chaw nyob. Thaj chaw uas tau muab rau kev tsim kho los ntawm sab qaum teb yog txwv los ntawm tus dej Vologda, los ntawm sab qab teb ib tug moat tau khawb, uas niaj hnub no hu ua Zolotukha River, los ntawm sab hnub poob ciam teb khiav raws txoj kev Leningradskaya tam sim no.

Xyoo 1571, kev tsim kho tau raug ncua vim huab tais tawm mus. Lub sijhawm no muajib pob zeb phab ntsa thiab kaum ib tug yees tau tsa, ob tug uas, nrog whorls, nyob rau sab hnub poob ces kaum.

Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin - lub pob zeb zoo nkauj, St. Sophia Cathedral. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev huab tais, ua los ntawm ntoo, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Joachim thiab Anna tshwm sim. Lub tsev loj cuj ntoo thiab 21-hipped ntauwd tau ua. Lub pob zeb phab ntsa tsuas yog los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias Vologda Kremlin tseem tsis tau ua tiav, twb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nws tau tawm tsam nws qhov loj.

Lub tom ntej peb lub tsev ntoo thiab plaub qhov nruab nrab tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm kav Alexei Mikhailovich.

Txoj kev hauv Kremlin tau npaj los txiav txim siab txog cov kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev loj uas tau tso los ntawm Spassky Gates thiab coj mus rau St. Sophia Cathedral. Txoj kev nyob thiab kev tsav tsheb tau tsim nyob nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev loj. Lub hauv paus square pib hu ua Cathedral. Sophia Cathedral, lub tsev huab tais thiab cov npis sov cov chav nyob rau ntawm nws.

Lub Vologda Kremlin muaj kev pabcuam pej xeem nyob raws li phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj, uas coj mus rau Zolotukha River. Tawm tsam sawv ib lub tsev me me - cov neeg ua haujlwm zaum hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam muaj ib lub tsev loj cuj uas txaj muag, thiab tom qab nws muaj yim granaries, nyob rau hauv uas cov nplej sau los ntawm lub nroog tau khaws cia. Ib me ntsis sab qab teb ntawm Pyatnitsky, lub tsev pheeb suab labial tau teeb tsa, uas cov txwj laus labial ntsib. Lawv tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem txhaum cai. Tseem muaj ib lub tsev loj cuj uas muaj laj kab siab.

Lub nto moo Torgovaya Square tau teeb tsa ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin. Xyoo 1711, kaum ob kab tau ua rau ntawm nws. Tom qab ntawd, thaum tsis muaj txaus, khw arcades pib ua rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Zolotukha.

Nruab nrab ntawm Spasskaya thiab Vologda yees muaj Gostiny Dvor, uas nyob rau hauv 1627 nyob thaj tsam 98 meters ntev thiab 92 meters dav. Ntawm no yog cov tsev loj cuj ua nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul.

Hnub no lub Vologda Kremlin yog qhov chaw keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub nroog. Cov seem ntawm ntau qhov kev tiv thaiv niaj hnub no tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pas dej thiab cov kwj deg hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab ze ntawm tus dej Zolotukha.

History of the museum

Thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Vologda tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 19th. Nws yog lub tsev ntawm Peter I, uas tau txais thawj cov neeg tuaj xyuas xyoo 1885. Kaum ib xyoos tom qab ntawd (1896), lub diocesan Ancient Repository tau tshwm sim hauv Vologda, uas muaj cov khoom qub ntawm kev ntseeg tseem ceeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Vologda diocese.

thawj lub tsev kos duab hauv Vologda tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1911. Lub creation ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Motherland Studies hnub rov qab mus rau tib lub sij hawm.

Lub Peb Hlis 1923, raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog, tag nrho cov tsev khaws puav pheej hauv nroog tau koom ua ke.

Lub Xeev Vologda Keeb Kwm thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej Architectural-Reserve tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub hauv paus tsev cia puav pheej hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv zos.

Hnub no nws koom nrog Vologda Kremlin thiab 9 ceg. Nov yog:

1. Architectural thiab Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej.
2. museum of Lace.
3. Lub Tsev ntawm Peter I.
4. Vologda Link (museum).
5. House-Museum of Mozhaysky A. F.
6. Museum-Batyushkov lub tsev apartment K. N.
7. “Literature. Art. Century XX” (museum).
8. Tsis nco qab tej yam (museum).
9. "Vologda ntawm qhov tig ntawm XIX - XX centuries" (exhibition).

St. Sophia Cathedral

Nov yog lub tsev pob zeb qub tshaj plaws hauv nroog. Lub Vologda Kremlin thiab St. Sophia Cathedral yog cov monuments zoo kawg nkaus ntawm architecture thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Lub tuam tsev muaj ib tug impressive loj loj. Cov phab ntsa yog 38.5 meters ntev thiab siab tshaj 59 meters.

Sophia Cathedral yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsev teev ntuj architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Cov qauv zoo li no tau tshwm sim hauv cov nroog, lawv tau ua raws li hom Assumption Cathedral hauv Moscow. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Vologda Cathedral txawv ntawm lwm cov analogues hauv nws cov laconic architecture, uas muab lub tsev teev ntuj tshwj xeeb rau sab qaum teb qhov hnyav.

Lub tsev nta

Sophia Cathedral muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Raws li lub tsev teev ntuj ancient canon, lub thaj ntawm lub tuam tsev yuav tsum ib txwm tig mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai, lub thaj ntawm lub cathedral tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws yog coj mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, Ivan IV xav tias lub thaj ntawm lub tuam tsev yog tig mus rau tus dej, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog kev cai ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Rau peb lub sijhawm, tsib-tier ntoo gilded iconostasis tau khaws cia tag nrho. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1738 thiab tau dhau los ua qhov thib peb txij li kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj. Icons rau nws tau pleev xim los ntawm tus neeg pleev kob Polish Maxim Iskritsky.

Rau nws keeb kwm ntevSophia Cathedral tau reconstructed ntau zaus. Nws tau txais nws cov niaj hnub saib nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th.

Vologda Kremlin Tswb Ntauwd

Xyoo 1659, ib lub pob zeb octahedral hipped tswb pej thuam tau tsa rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin.

Xyoo 1869, Npis Sov Pallady, uas ntseeg tias lub tswb pej thuam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yuav tsum siab tshaj txhua lub tswb pej thuam hauv pawg ntseeg, tau hais kom tus kws tsim vaj tsev VN Schildknecht rov tsim kho nws. Lub tsev pheeb suab tau rhuav tshem, thiab lub tswb pej thuam, uas tseem muaj niaj hnub no, muaj lancet chime arches, tau ua rau ntawm qhov qub.

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm lub tswb no yog lub chimes, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv Moscow, ntawm lub Hoobkas ntawm Gutenop cov kwv tij (1871). Hnub no lawv yog lub moos tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Ntawm no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb sau ntawm lub tswb thaum ub. Lub tswb ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th yog khaws cia zoo. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau txais cov npe qub - "Sentry" (1627), "Swan Big" (1689), "Small Swan" (1656) thiab lwm tus.

Muaj ib lub lawj saib me me ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tshooj. Los ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem qhuas qhov zoo nkauj txawv txawv ntawm lub nroog, tus dej.

Lub taub hau ntawm lub tswb nrov yog gilded. Lub sijhawm kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau ua tiav yog xyoo 1982. Ces nws muab 1200 g ntawm nplooj kub.

Lub Tsev ntawm Peter I

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej no tau pib ua haujlwm hauv Vologda rov qab rau xyoo 1872. Nws nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog, ntawm ntug dej ntawm Vologda River, nyob rau hauv lub qub tsev ntawm Gutmans. Nov yog tib lub tsev uas muaj sia nyob ntawm cov tub lag luam Dutch. Peter kuv nquag mus xyuas no.

NowLub tsev khaws puav pheej sau muaj ntau pua cov khoom pov thawj. Tag nrho lawv yog cov tim khawv ntsiag to ntawm lub sijhawm thaum ub. Cov no yog cov rooj tog zaum ntawm lub engraving "AG". (Adolf Gutman) yog tus tswv ntawm lub tsev.

Tshwj xeeb cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb yog cov lus txib tsim los ntawm Peter I. Qhov no, tau kawg, yog Kev Txiav Txim ntawm St. Andrew tus Thawj Hu. Lub sijhawm ntawd, 38 tus neeg tau txais nws.

Tours

Hnub no, peb cov kwvtij nkauj muam coob leej tuaj saib Vologda Kremlin, ib daim duab uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Lub tsev cia puav pheej suav nrog 40 monuments ntawm architecture, tag nrho cheeb tsam uas yog 9000 square meters. m. Cov qhua muaj kev sau ntawv, kos duab, kev tshawb fawb ntuj, keeb kwm thiab haiv neeg nthuav tawm. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej sau suav nrog ntau dua 500 txhiab cov khoom pov thawj - cov duab kos tsis zoo ntawm Ancient Russia, cov duab, cov ntawv sau, cov npib qub thiab ntau ntxiv.

Ntau tshaj 60 txhiab qhov khoom pov thawj tau pom nyob rau ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia. Ntau cov qauv ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej khaws cia tau nthuav tawm hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Vatican thiab Fabkis, Finland thiab Netherlands, Hungary thiab Austria. Txhua tus neeg uas tuaj rau hauv Vologda Kremlin tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas ob qho tib si ntawm tus kheej thiab pab pawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev mus ncig ua si yog tsim rau cov hnub nyoog sib txawv, pib los ntawm cov menyuam yaus preschool. Ntau tshaj 80 qhov kev mus ncig ua si tsis tu ncua los ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab nws cov ceg.

Tsev khaws puav pheej qhib sijhawm

Hnub no, ntau tus neeg ncig tebchaws mus rau Vologda Kremlin. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhib - txhua hnub los ntawm 10.00 txog 17.00. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej kaw rau pej xeemMonday thiab Tuesday. Kev nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin yog dawb txhua hnub.