Vologda yog lub nroog 450 mais ntawm lub nroog ntawm Russia nrog cov pejxeem ntawm yuav luag 330 txhiab tus neeg, qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws. Vologda yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov nroog uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam. Ntau lub monuments keeb kwm raug coj mus rau hauv lub xeev kev tiv thaiv.
Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog
Vologda nto moo rau dab tsi? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov tseeb tias nws yog lub nroog qub tshaj plaws ntawm Russia North. Hnub ntawm lub hauv paus yog suav tias yog 1147. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua XIV, cov cheeb tsam no tau koom nrog Novgorod tus thawj tswj hwm. Tau ntau xyoo lub nroog yog ib tug tiag tiag pob txha ntawm kev sib cav tswv yim rau cov princes ntawm Tver thiab Moscow, tas li sim coj Vologda mus deb ntawm lub Novgorod princes. Tsuas yog ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd, kev sib hais haum dhau los hauv Moscow.
Nyob rau hauv lub XV-XVI centuries, xuas tes ua thiab kev lag luam vam meej nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm Polish-Swedish kev cuam tshuam, kev sib haum xeeb tau raug puas tsuaj. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev lag luam hla hla hiav txwv B altic, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog tau poob qis.
poRaws li ib tug version, lub npe ntawm lub nroog los ntawm Finno-Ugric lo lus "volok", uas txhais tau tias "loj hav zoov".
Local dialect
Vologda nto moo rau dab tsi? Ntawm chav kawm, lub zos tshwj xeeb dialect. Yuav kom ncaj ncees, tsis yog txhua cheeb tsam tuaj yeem khav ntawm nws tus kheej "zest" hauv kev hais lus, zoo li Vologda thiab sab qab teb ntawm Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam, qhov twg muaj ib pab pawg neeg Lavxias sab qaum teb ntawm cov lus.
Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov lus yog hais tias cov lus hloov mus ua "ok". Yooj yim muab, thaum hais cov vowels nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov unstressed syllables, cov tsiaj ntawv "o" thiab "a" suab zoo li "o".
Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub koom haum pedagogical hauv zos tau kawm txog cov lus hais ntawm Vologda txij li xyoo 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem thiab txawm tshaj tawm ntau tshaj ib phau ntawv txhais lus. Thawj zaug pom lub teeb tau luam tawm xyoo 1983. Thiab xyoo 2010, lawv txawm luam tawm phau ntawv txhais lus rau menyuam yaus.
Txawm tias muaj kev ntshai ntawm qee tus kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, tsis muaj kev xav tias "okanya" hauv Vologda yuav raug hloov los ntawm "akanye".
Monument to the letter "O"
Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus hauv zos, lub cim nco txog (forged sculpture) nrog tsab ntawv "O" tau teeb tsa hauv Cathedral Hill Square.
Lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos yog qhov yooj yim - kom ua raws li tsab ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Nws qhov siab yog 2.5 meters, ntsia rau ntawm lub pedestal nyob rau hauv 2012.
Qhov chaw nres tsheb pej xeem ze tshaj plaws yog Leningradskaya.
Lace
Vologda nto moo rau dab tsi? Ntawm chav kawm, lace, uas tseem hu ua poetically heev - "cov xim khov ntawm sab qaum teb lub caij ntuj no." Peculiarityneedlework yog hais tias weaving yog ua los ntawm ntoo sticks los yog bobbins. Lub ntsiab zajlus yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug tuab qauv ntawm ribbons. Feem ntau, tus qauv yog siv rau cov qauv lattice.
hom khoom siv tes no yog thawj zaug, nws muaj nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia rau ntau tshaj peb centuries. Nws tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb thiab kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws txawm tias niaj hnub no, uas yog vim li cas Vologda thiaj li nto moo rau lace. Niaj hnub no, kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab khoom siv tes ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lub nroog kev lag luam.
Cov haujlwm ntawm cov tswv zoo tshaj plaws tau nthuav tawm ntau dua ib zaug ntawm kev nthuav qhia thoob ntiaj teb txij li xyoo 1876 thiab feem ntau tau txais cov qhab nia siab tshaj plaws. Thiab hauv Paris (1925) thiab Brussels (1958), lace los ntawm Vologda tau txais khoom plig kub.
museum of Lace
Ntawm Kremlin Square hauv lub tsev ntawm tus lej 12 muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lace, qhov chaw ua yeeb yam tau qhib txij li xyoo 2010. Lub tsev nws tus kheej yog ib tug architectural monument ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, uas ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub xeev bank. Txij li thaum 2015, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau suav nrog hauv kaum sab saum toj hauv txhua lub tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj ib tug impressive sau los ntawm exhibits rau no hom ntawm pej xeem siv khoom siv tes ua. Cov khoom pov thawj tau sau tau ntau xyoo, qee qhov tau pauv los ntawm kev sau ntiag tug, thaum lwm tus tau tshwj xeeb ua rau lub tsev cia puav pheej raws li cov duab kos ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm needlewomen los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv thawj pem teb ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj ib ntus exhibitions thiab sau cov hauj lwm ntawm niaj hnub needlewomen. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj lub khw, chav kawm ua lace thiab rhiav.
Gorodishche-Kremlin
Vologda nto moo rau dab tsi? Ib zaj dab neeg rau cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum muaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm Vologda Kremlin, uas nyob ntawm Sergey Orlov Street, 15, ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 56 hectares. Qhov no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb keeb kwm monument ntawm lub nroog, txawm hais tias tsis zoo li majestic raws li nyob rau hauv Ivan lub txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv 1567. Tom qab ntawd lub fortress muaj 20 yees, thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub fortress yog 3 kilometers. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, lub Kremlin poob nws txoj kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb, maj mam poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj thiab raug rhuav tshem, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dej nyab thiab tsis muaj kev kho dua tshiab. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog qhov seem ntawm ib zaug majestic Kremlin - qhov no yog lub tswb pej thuam thiab qee cov tsev puas tsuaj.
Kev Sawv Rov Los Cathedral
Nov yog ib lub monument tiag tiag ntawm architecture, uas yog nyob rau hauv tseem hwv tiv thaiv. Lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib feem ntawm lub koom haum architectural ntawm Kremlin.
Ua ntej lub tsev teev ntuj no, lwm lub tsev teev ntuj sawv hauv qhov chaw qub, qhov chaw ua haujlwm thawj zaug nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim ntawd, lub tsev tau lees paub tias yog flimsy thiab sai sai dismantled. Lub tsev teev ntuj tam sim no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1776. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub tuam tsev tau yuav luag ua tiav los ntawm lub pob zeb ntawm ib qho ntawm Kremlin yees. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev tau khaws cia yuav luag nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qub, tshwj tsis yog cov pab pawg nkag, uas tau hloov pauv me ntsis. Thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th.
Museum "Lub Ntiaj Teb Ntawm Qhov Tsis Nco"
Pom dab tsi? Lub attraction ntawm Vologda yog lub tsev cia puav pheej "Lub Ntiaj Teb ntawm Tsis nco qab tej yam" (Leningradskaya txoj kev, 6). Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov neeg hauv nroog nyob li cas hauv 19th thiab 20th centuries thaum ntxov.xyoo pua. Cov chav yog kiag li recreated pre-revolutionary sab hauv. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nws tus kheej nyob hauv ib lub tsev loj ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg.
suab paj nruag thiab sau ntawv yav tsaus ntuj, hnub so rau menyuam yaus muaj nyob ntawm no.
St. Sophia Cathedral
Nqe lus piav qhia thiab daim duab nrog lub npe ntawm Vologda attractions nyob rau hauv phau ntawv teev npe ntawm txhua lub tuam txhab mus ncig, qee qhov tuaj yeem pom hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Sophia Cathedral ntawm Sergey Orlov Street yog lub pob zeb qub tshaj plaws hauv nroog. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai, ua hauj lwm pib ntawm nws kev tsim kho (nyob rau hauv 1568). Txawm hais tias tom qab 2 centuries lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv tau tshwm sim nyob ze, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm St. Sophia tsis txo qis.
Kev tsim kho tau siv sijhawm li 20 xyoo, qhov piv txwv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim vaj tsev yog Assumption Cathedral hauv Moscow.
Thaum tsov rog Polish tom ntej, lub tsev tau raug puas tsuaj, tab sis nws tau rov tsim kho sai sai.
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, lub tsev teev ntuj muaj hmoo tshaj li lwm lub teb chaws. Nws, ntawm chav kawm, raug kaw, tab sis tsis puas, tab sis pauv mus rau lub zos keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej. Thiab lub tuam tsev tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm keeb kwm monument rov qab rau xyoo 1935, tej zaum vim li no nws thiaj li ciaj sia.
Hnub no lub tsev tau zoo, nrog ob qho kev kho kom zoo dua qub lawm.
Muaj ib lub fresco tshwj xeeb hauv pawg ntseeg. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam (400 sq. m.) nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm Russia thiab muaj nplooj siab rau lub xeem txiav txim.
Peter I House-Museum
Dab tsi ntxiv yog Vologda nto moo rau? Thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv nroog, qhov nthuav tawm uas tau mob siab rau Peter I. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1885 thiabnyob rau ntawm Sovetsky Prospekt, ntawm tus lej 47.
Txog xyoo 1872, lub tsev yog tus tub lag luam, tab sis cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam txiav txim siab ua lwm yam. Lawv yuav nws rau 4 txhiab rubles los ntawm Vitushnikov E.
Nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej koj tuaj yeem kawm txog lub neej ntawm Slavs nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm XVII-XVIII centuries. Cov khaub ncaws ntawm Peter kuv, nws daim npog qhov ncauj tuag, thiab lwm yam khoom tsis tshua muaj kuj tau khaws cia ntawm no.
Spaso-Prilutsky Dimitriev Monastery
Lub nroog Vologda yog dab tsi? Ntawm chav kawm, ib tug txiv neej monastery nyob rau hauv lub Priluki microdistrict. Qhov no yog lub tsev teev ntuj tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia.
Raws li cov nom version, lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim los ntawm ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Radonezh - Dmitry Prilutsky. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov centuries nws muaj peev xwm khaws cia tus thawj tsos ntawm lub tsev, thiab nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1371. Qee lub tsev tau tsim tom qab, piv txwv li, Cathedral ntawm tus Cawm Seej.
Cov khoom plig ntawm Prilutsky, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm txoj kev cawm seej, raug khaws cia hauv lub tsev teev ntuj.
Tom qab kev tawm tsam, cov txiv plig raug ntiab tawm ntawm lawv lub tsev thiab rov qab los tsuas yog xyoo 1990.
Museum "Vologda link"
Hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom lwm daim duab. Lub npe ntawm lub sights ntawm Vologda yog lub tsev cia puav pheej "Vologda exile". Muaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia zoo kawg nkaus ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem paub tias cov neeg nto moo tau raug ntiab tawm mus rau hauv nroog, pib txij li xyoo pua 15th. Ib tug thawj ntawm exile yog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vasily II lub Tsaus Ntuj. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev lig kev cai ntawm exile nyob rau hauv Vologda tau txais kev txhawb los ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai thiab Romanov dynasty. Nyob rau hauv Stalin, kev lig kev cai tsis tsuas yog khaws cia, tab sisthiab ua loj heev.
Lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob ntawm M. Ulyanova txoj kev, 33.
Trading Cover
Nyob rau ntawm Torgovaya Square hauv Vologda muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj zeb zoo nkauj ntawm Intercession ntawm Kev Ua Lag Luam. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1780 tsis yog ntoo.
Nyob rau xyoo uas ntxeev dua siab tshiab, lub tuam tsev raug kaw, cov xib hwb yav tom ntej tau raug cob qhia ntawm no. Lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj rau cov ntseeg tau qhib tsuas yog tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union.
Lub tsev yog ua nyob rau hauv lub lig Baroque style nrog ib tug nyob rau hauv refectory. Ib tug classic hipped tswb pej thuam yog ntsia rau saum.
In xaus
Txhua qhov pom ntawm Vologda tuaj yeem pom hauv 1 hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, taug kev raws txoj kev ntawm lub nroog, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam monuments: tus kws sau paj lug thiab haiv neeg ntawm cov chaw no Batyushkov, cib thiab txawm tias ib tug monument rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo. Muaj ntau tus choj hauv nroog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog hu ua "Bridge ntawm 800th Ib Xyoo ntawm Vologda", 160 meters ntev.
Los ntawm cov khoom plig, los ntawm lub nroog koj tuaj yeem nqa tsis tau tsuas yog cov lace zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrog cov tsw hauv zos. Cov no yog cov khob cij thiab cov khoom siv rau hauv chav ua noj, ntim khoom ntim khoom, pleev xim rau cov tais diav. Ntau yam yog ua los ntawm birch bark (cov txheej sab sauv ntawm birch bark), uas, tom qab tshwj xeeb ua, tau txais ib lub teeb golden. Cov khau khau zoo nkauj tshaj plaws kuj tau ua hauv Vologda.
