Jvari Monastery hauv Georgia: piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Jvari - Monastery ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Cross, dhau sij hawm nyiam cov neeg mus ncig coob zuj zus. Lub tuam tsev nyob hauv thaj chaw zoo nkauj ntawm Mtskheta, saum toj ntawm lub roob. Nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi sau tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no cov lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug Mikhail Lermontov tau nco qab, vim hais tias nws nyob ntawm no hais tias cov "kua ntawm Aragvi thiab Kura" ua ke thiab, ua suab nrov nrog foamy nthwv dej, maj mus rau ancient Tbilisi.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj raug rhuav tshem, txawm hais tias Lub Koom Txoos Loj tseem siv rau hnub so kev cai dab qhuas loj thiab kev ua tshoob kos. Lub complex yog nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm UNESCO qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txaus ntshai ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov zej zog thoob ntiaj teb tab tom faib nyiaj tseem ceeb los txhawb nws.

Ib zaj dab neeg los ntawm qhov tseeb thiab lus dab neeg

Mtskheta yog qhov chaw nyob hauv 334 Georgia tau txais kev ntseeg Vajtswv. Txog rau hnub no, nws tseem yog lub hauv paus hauv paus ntawm Georgian Orthodox Church. Jvari, los yog, raws li nws tseem hu ua, lub Monastery ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, yog suav hais tias yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Historians ntseeg hais tias nws tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas cov neeg dawb huvNino, ib tug poj niam tub txib, tsim thawj lub koom txoos ntseeg nyob rau tiam 4th. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws nres ntawm no thiab thov Vajtswv ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd dai ib tug ntoo khaub lig rau hauv av. Twb yog 545, thawj lub tuam tsev tau tsim tsa hauv qhov chaw no. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hu ua lub Koom Txoos Me ntawm Jvari. Hmoov tsis, nws tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob.

Lub tuam tsev thib ob thiab loj dua, hu ua Great Church of Jvari, tau tsim nyob ze, nruab nrab ntawm 586 thiab 605. Piv txwv li, cov seem ntawm cov neeg dawb huv ntawm Georgia so nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub monastery. Qhov chaw no suav hais tias yog qhov dawb huv tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv lub tebchaws xwb, tab sis thoob plaws North Caucasus cheeb tsam.

Architectural style

Jvari Monastery yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm Eastern thiab Western qhov tseem ceeb, yoog raws li kev kos duab hauv zos thiab tej yam ntuj tso. Lub tsev me me zoo nkauj symmetrical yog qhov kawg ntawm Christian-Georgian architecture thaum ntxov thiab nqus tag nrho cov kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom qub.

Lub tuam tsev yog ua raws li hom tetraconch (plaub apses yog teem rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig nrog me ntsis elongated sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob axis). Cov kev txiav txim siab tau ua los ntawm kev ua tib zoo suav nrog tseem ua tau zoo thiab ua pov thawj rau ntau pua xyoo lub tsev kev lig kev cai ntawm Georgia.

Qhov tob niches nruab nrab ntawm plaub lub voj voog apses ua rau kaum chav. Sab qab teb sab hnub poob tsuas muaj ib qho nkag thiab tau npaj rau cov poj niam. Lub dav qhib octagon ntawm lub hauv paus chav yog crowned nrog ib tug qis dome uas sawv los ntawm lub load-bearingphab ntsa hauv peb tiers.

Sab nrauv thiab sab hauv

Lub sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb, kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev zoo siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig, tsis muaj kev ntseeg tau txhim kho los ntawm qhov tsis muaj mosaics thiab lwm yam khoom dai. Chav tsev yog illuminated tsawg (los ntawm cov qhov rais me me thiab tswm ciab), yog li nws zoo li tsaus me ntsis thiab xav txog. Saum toj no lub thaj sawv ib tug ntoo khaub lig - qhov no yog tag nrho cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj qhia meej meej txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm Sasanian art.

Qhov hnyav tib yam siv rau qhov tsos. Cov pob zeb sib npaug sib npaug thiab ua tib zoo sib npaug ntawm plaub lub façades tsim "caj npab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig" yog qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav txog cov teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev hla txoj kab nqes. Ntawm cov bas-reliefs ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj, ib tus tuaj yeem pom cov duab ntawm vajntxwv thiab dais uas tau tsim lub Jvari Monastery, thiab cov lus piav qhia hauv Georgian. Hauv qhov no, ib tus tuaj yeem nco txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm Hellenistic kab lig kev cai.

Sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog ua tiav nrog qhov chaw sab hauv thiab muaj kev ywj pheej ywj pheej. Qhov tshwj xeeb no ua rau pawg ntseeg txawv ntawm Byzantine pawg ntseeg, uas lub koom haum ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Yuav mus txog Jvari Monastery?

Raws li kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Tbilisi mus rau Mtskheta yog li 19 mais, uas yuav siv sijhawm txog 20 feeb los ntawm tsheb.

Lub nroog minibuses khiav txhua hnub. ATHnub Sunday tus naj npawb ntawm kev ya davhlau poob qis heev. Qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Tbilisi nyob ntawm kev ua lag luam (Didube metro chaw nres tsheb. Tus nqi ntawm daim pib tsheb ciav hlau yog tsau - 0.50 lari - thiab tsis nyob ntawm qhov deb). Los ntawm metro, koj yuav tsum hla ntau lub khw ib-zaj dab neeg thiab tig sab xis. Los ntawm no muaj ntau lub minibuses nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Daim pib tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub thawv ntawv lossis them ncaj qha rau tus tsav tsheb. Tus nqi yog 1 lari.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws ceeb toom tias yog tias tsis muaj kev xav them nyiaj ntau dhau, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob mloog cov neeg tsav tsheb tavxij loitering nyob rau ntawd - lawv yuav tshaj tawm tias cov tsheb npav tsis mus txog Jvari Monastery lossis lawv cov kev pabcuam yuav raug nqi tsawg dua. Nws yuav tsis muaj tseeb.

Koj tuaj yeem mus txog ntawm koj lub tsheb lossis tsheb tavxij. Yog tias koj siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom ntiag tug, tom qab ntawd ua ntej koj nkag mus rau hauv lub tsheb, koj yuav tsum pom zoo rau tus nqi. Tus nqi yog los ntawm 10 mus rau 20 GEL. Pooling yuav pheej yig dua, vim tias tus nqi muab faib rau txhua tus neeg caij tsheb.

cov lus qhia pab tau

Nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws uas twb tau mus xyuas lub thaj neeb Georgian, koj tuaj yeem nyeem qee cov lus qhia. Yog li, ntawm lwm yam:

Pilgrims thiab cov neeg xav paub yooj yim yuav tsum ua raws qee cov cai ntawm kev coj thaum mus xyuas Jvari Monastery. Kev yees duab thiab yees duab ntawm qee qhov tawg yog txwv nruj. Cov cim tshwj xeeb muab tso rau ib ncig ntawm thaj chaw pab kom tsis txhob yuam kev.
kev sib deev ncaj ncees yuav tsum muaj 2 daim phuam nrog lawv. Ib qho yuav tsum npog lub taub hau, qhov thib ob, yog tias tus poj niam hnav ris tsho, nws yog qhov tsim nyogkhi ib ncig, xyaum ib daim tiab. Yog tias koj tsis muaj daim pam nrog koj, koj tsis tas yuav chim siab - muaj aprons thiab phuam qhwv caj dab dai ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tuam tsev, uas koj yuav muab rau siv.

Mtskheta yog nto moo rau cov khoom siv hlau thiab enamel thov rau nws. Jvari Monastery tau qhib lub khw muag khoom plig me me ntawm nws thaj chaw uas koj tuaj yeem yuav ib lub trinket ua khoom plig ntawm koj mus ntsib - cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, ntoo khaub lig, saw, nrog rau daim ntawv qhia hnub, hlau nplaum, phau ntawv, rosary lossis dej fij..

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg ncig tebchaws hais tias cov zaub mov hauv cov khw noj mov ntawm Mtskheta yog qhov qab heev thiab pheej yig dua li tib yam hauv Tbilisi.

Chaw nyob hauv Mtskheta tseem yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg dua rau cov peev nyiaj ncaj qha hauv Georgian lub peev, thiab cov txheeb ze ze rau lub nroog loj ntawm lub tebchaws thiab kev thauj mus los zoo nrog nws yuav tso cai rau koj tshawb nrhiav lwm qhov chaw nyob ze.

Yuav pom dab tsi hauv Mtskheta?

Hauv xyoo 2004, Jvari Monastery tau ntxiv rau hauv Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Ntiaj Teb Monuments Fund. Georgia nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Mtskheta kuj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lwm yam monumental vaj tse. Yog li, hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws uas tau tuaj ntawm no, lawv hais txog:

Svetitskhoveli (Lub Neej-Giving Pillar) yog ib qho chaw dawb ceev tshaj plaws hauv Georgia nrog rau Jvari Monastery. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1010 qhov twg lub teb chaws thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ntseeg sawv. Nws muaj lub ntxa ntawm cov vaj ntxwv Georgian thaum ub, suav nrog Sidoni, uas, raws li cov lus dab neeg, tau faus nrog tus Tswv Yexus txhais tes

Samtavro (Qhov chaw ntawm tus kav)nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm txoj kev loj, nyob rau hauv taug kev deb ntawm Svetitskhoveli. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, St. Nino tau thov Vajtswv ntawm qhov chaw no, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj me me tau tsim los ntawm no, rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 4th. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th, ib lub tsev teev ntuj loj dua tau txhim tsa ntawm no. Nws tseem muaj qhov ntxa ntawm Georgian huab tais Mirian, uas hloov siab los ntseeg Vajtswv, thiab nws tus poj niam Nana.
Bebris Tsikhe (Fortress of the Elder) nyob ntawm txoj kev loj ntawm Samtavro. Nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tau tshaj tawm tias kev taug kev los ntawm cov ruins ntawm lub citadel yog qhov lom zem heev, tab sis tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb. Los ntawm sab saum toj, ib lub hav qhib, tsim los ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm Kura thiab Aragvi Rivers.