Caerphilly Castle, Wales: keeb kwm, piav qhia, duab

2024 Tus sau: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:14

Lub tsev fuabtais loj thib ob hauv tebchaws Askiv, Caerphilly Castle ntawm xyoo pua 13th tseem ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob nrog nws cov nplai thiab lub zog. Nws yog superbly khaws cia thiab embodies ib tug tag nrho era. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntev, lub tsev fuabtais tau raug tawm tsam, rov tsim kho, thiab kho dua tshiab. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib tshaj plaws hauv Wales.

Nws nyob qhov twg

Caerphilly Castle nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm tib lub npe nyob rau sab qab teb Wales. Lub nroog nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov nroog ntawm Glamorgan thiab Monmouthshire. belongs rau chav tswj hwm - Glamorgan koog tsev kawm ntawv, Wales. Lub nroog Caerphilly muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm lub nroog thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tshaj plaws. Lub cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam roob, thiab lub fortress yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug hilltop, nws nce menacingly saum lub nroog kis hauv qab no, surrounded ntawm tag nrho cov sab los ntawm dag pas dej thiab moats. Qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua rau nws lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau qhov kev tawm tsam.

History of construction

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th nyob rau hauv Wales, tus naas ej aristocrat Gilbert de Clare, Earl ntawm Gloucester, pib tsim lub fortress rautiv thaiv thaj chaw muaj kev sib cav. Lub sijhawm no, Welsh tus thawj tswj hwm tau nce hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ywj pheej ntawm Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua phem, nws muaj peev xwm xaus qhov kev pom zoo nrog Henry III thiab tsim kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm Wales los ntawm Askiv crown. Caerphilly Castle (Wales) yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th ib lub nroog tsim khoom rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tib lub npe. Xyoo 1282, Gilbert de Clare tau ua ib qho kev sim tshiab los kov yeej Wales, uas tau ua tiav, thiab cheeb tsam thaum kawg tau los ua ib feem ntawm Askiv. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntawm nws thaj chaw, Gilbert tau hais kom tsim kho cov fortresses hauv txhua lub nroog ntawm nws cov khoom. Kev tsim kho tau pib hauv 1268 thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog 1290. Txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntev rau thaj chaw, Gilbert tau tswj hwm los tsim lub tsev fuabtais loj, uas tso cai rau tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj ua neej nyob. Tom qab qhov xaus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus hauv Montgomery, kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub fortress tsis cuam tshuam rau de Claire, thiab nws pib muab lub tsev fuabtais ua qhov chaw nyob. Xyoo 1295, Gilbert tuag, tab sis los ntawm lub sijhawm no Caerphilly Tsev fuabtais tau yuav luag rov tsim kho thiab npaj rau lub neej tsis khoom.

Castle in the 14th-17th centuries

Txij li xyoo 1313, Caerphilly Castle tau rov pom nws tus kheej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam thaj chaw. Llywelyn Bren thiab cov tub rog muaj koob muaj npe txuas ntxiv tawm tsam kev tswj hwm thaj av. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 1316, lub nroog ntawm Caerphilly yuav luag tag nrho, tab sis lub fortress ciaj sia. Xyoo 1317, Hugh le Despenser tus Hluas tau tsiv mus rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais thiab sib yuav Gilbert de Clare tus muam Eleanor. Caerphilly Fortress tau los ua nws tus nqi zog. Hugh yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus zoo nrog Edward Thawj thiab yog tus nplua nuj. Nws txiav txim siab nthuav lub tsev fuabtais los ntawm kev ua ib lub tsev loj rau kev txais tos. Txhawm rau ua tiav txoj haujlwm, nws tau caw William Hart thiab Thomas de la Bataille. Lawv tsim cov chav zoo nkauj, nplua nuj nrog carvings. Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam thiab huab tais Edward raug rhuav tshem, Hugh thiab nws tus poj niam tau nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais los ntawm kev ua pauj. Isabella cov tub rog raug coj mus rau lub fortress. Lub tsev fuabtais tsis kav ntev. Hugh surrendered thiab cov av tau muab rau Isabelle de Despenser, uas, nrog rau nws tus txiv thib ob, tau nqis peev ntau rau kev kho dua tshiab thiab txhim kho lub tsev fuabtais. Xyoo 1486, lub fortress hla mus rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Earl ntawm Pembroke, tab sis nws tsis xav nyob ntawm no. Thiab lub tsev fuabtais maj mam poob rau hauv kev lwj. Cov dej xauv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ua tsis tau, ob peb zaug thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress raug dej nyab. Qee lub sij hawm, cov neeg raug kaw raug kaw hauv tsev fuabtais. Xyoo 1583 Thomas Lewis xauj nws. Nws disassembles ib feem ntawm lub pob zeb phab ntsa txhawm rau tsim kom muaj vaj tse thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Kev ua tub rog thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam rau lub tsev fuabtais, tab sis ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau sab hnub tuaj ntauwd, uas tau los ua lub npe hu ua Leaning Tower. Nyob rau xyoo 1648, Cromwell tau hais kom lub tsev fuabtais tawg kom tawm hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Tab sis lub sappers ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd ua tsis tau nws, tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab ob peb yees succumbed rau cov khoom tawg.

Castle life in the 18th-20th centuries

Nyob rau xyoo 1776, Caerphilly Castle, uas nws keeb kwm tsuas yog tu siab, nrhiav tus tswv tshiab. Tom Stewart sim kho dua thawj zaug thiabcawm lub tsev fuabtais. Hauv xyoo 1860, nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv tau ua tiav kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub fortress thiab pib tawm qhov chaw los ntawm cov neeg xauj tsev uas tsis tau hais txog kev saib xyuas lub tsev fuabtais. Lub 4th Marquess John Crichton-Stuart yog tus kiv cua ntawm kev kho dua tshiab thiab lub tsev. Nws tau nqis peev nyiaj ntau hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom thiab kho cov tsev ntawm lub fortress. Txog rau xyoo 1950, nws tau koom nrog kev kho dua tshiab thiab kho vaj tse, kho cov keeb kwm zoo li qub. Nws muab cov pas dej ua ke thiab ua kom cov kwj dej thiab cov pas dej uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev fuabtais nrog dej. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau coj cov cuab yeej cuab tam mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv zoo, uas rov tsim cov tsos ntawm 15th-16th centuries. Xyoo 1950, Marquis tau muab lub tsev fuabtais thiab txhua qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig rau lub xeev.

Castle today

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, Caerphilly Castle yog tswj los ntawm Cadw, ib lub tuam txhab mob siab rau kev khaws cia thiab saib xyuas cov chaw keeb kwm. Niaj hnub no, lub fortress yog qhov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws hauv Wales, ntau tshaj 100 txhiab tus neeg tuaj ntawm no txhua xyoo. Excursions, hnub so thiab festivals yog npaj rau tourists. Kev mus ntsib Caerphilly Castle hloov mus rau hauv kev lom zem taug txuj kev nyuaj nrog kev taug kev mus rau yav dhau los vim qhov tseeb tias lub neej ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog tau rov tsim dua ntawm no.

Architecture

Caerphilly Tsev fuabtais, uas tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov encyclopedias ntawm medieval architecture, yog ib qho piv txwv zoo heev ntawm fortification architecture. Kev ua siab phem thiab kev ntseeg siab yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas los rau hauv siab ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov qauv muaj zog no. Lub architecture ntawm lub tsev fuabtais yog concise thiab convincing,tsis muaj dab tsi superfluous ntawm no, txhua yam yog subordinated rau ib lub hom phiaj - tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab. Lub fortress, square nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj, yog nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov sab los ntawm ib tug haib sandstone pob zeb phab ntsa, nrog rau plaub watchtowers thiab nqaim loopholes. Lub fortress muaj ob qhov chaw tiv thaiv. Thawj lub nplhaib yog cov pob zeb phab ntsa, qhov thib ob yog lub fortifications lawv tus kheej. Muaj lwm phab ntsa tiv thaiv siab nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub fortress. Cov tsev nyob yog nyob rau hauv lub fortress: ib tug zoo nkauj Great Hall rau txais tos, striking nrog exquisite kho kom zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj chav pw thiab private quarters.

Pom dab tsi

Caerphilly Castle, uas nws cov duab zoo nkauj txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo, hnub no yog lub tsev cia puav pheej tiag. Thaj chaw ntawm 120 hectares tso cai rau koj mus taug kev ntev thiab tuav cov xwm txheej loj ntawm no. Yuav ua li cas tsis nco thaum mus xyuas lub tsev fuabtais? Nws yog tsim nyog mus ncig lub perimeter ib ncig ntawm lub fortress kom pom tag nrho cov nkag mus rau nws thiab impressive moats thiab pas dej. Koj tuaj yeem taug kev raws li ib feem rov qab los ntawm lub fortress phab ntsa, nce tus pej thuam saib lub nroog pw ntawm ko taw. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm ntawm lub fortress koj tuaj yeem pom cov khaub ncaws thiab riam phom ntawm cov tub rog medieval. Siege riam phom raug ntsia rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub fortress. Nco ntsoov saib cov drawbridges, taug kev ncig cov Islands tuaj ntawm cov pas dej cuav. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov yees koj tuaj yeem saib cov yeeb yaj kiab txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Mus ntsib Caerphilly Castle, koj yuav tsum npaj tsawg kawg ib nrab hnub, thiab nyiam dua ib hnub, txhawm rau paub koj tus kheej nrog nws cov yam ntxwv. Lub tsev fuabtais yog photogenic heevthiab cov neeg ncig teb chaw tua nws los ntawm tag nrho plaub sab, tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj zoo nkauj.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd

Koj puas tau txiav txim siab pom Caerphilly Castle? Yuav ua li cas mus rau qhov chaw nthuav? Los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau ntawm lub peev ntawm Wales Cardiff mus rau lub tsev fuabtais tuaj yeem ncav cuag los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau. Caerphilly lub nroog chaw yog 1.5 km ntawm lub tsev fuabtais thiab yooj yim taug kev.